Thesis Abstracts -

This thesis builds on the premise that the body stores unconscious memory and that therefore talk therapy alone is limited in its ability to integrate repressed affective experience. Hermeneutic research examines the dance/movement therapy discipline of authentic movement as a method of active imagination that accesses the somatic unconscious and supports psychological healing and individuation. The research explores the applicability of authentic movement as active imagination to psychotherapy. It finds that authentic movement can help address attachment, selfobject, and developmental wounds and needs within the relationship between mover/client and witness/therapist. The thesis dispels common misperceptions and discusses apprehensions related to authentic movement, as well as its suitability for use by therapists and clients. Authentic movement as active imagination provides an embodied experience of buried affect, helping to heal the split between psyche and soma, integrate split-off aspects of self, and increase internal congruence and self-awareness.

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This production thesis takes a heuristic, feminist, intuitive approach to exploring the encounter with the collective unconscious through the womb-centered archetypes of sister, wife, mother, and servant as experienced through the lives of the biblical foremothers Sarah and Hagar. The production piece is the retelling of the cosmological story of Sarah and Hagar and their relationship to the holy covenant between Abraham and Yahweh. The epic poem, Sarah and Hagar: A Broken Sisterhood gives voice to the feminine to enrich, resonate, and balance the long-standing solitary voice of the masculine. The archetypes engaged through the narrative of the womb reveal a resonance between the time of Sarah and Hagar when the Divine Feminine went into a prolonged retreat and the beginning of the 21st century when the Divine Feminine is reemerging in the collective consciousness. This thesis demonstrates how the encounters with the  womb-centered archetypes shape the individual psyche.

This production thesis examines home and homelessness through various psychological lenses including depth psychology, trauma theory, and art therapy. It explores how creating a personal shrine can help an individual process emotional homelessness. It offers an example of how one might experience a psychological transformation using the creation of a shrine as a safe container and transitional object to connect with unconscious aspects of one's personal story and examine some of the psychological elements therein. The author's investigation of emotional homelessness and its resolution includes his own experiences of engagement with the imaginal realm and he provides an example of a three-dimensional imaginal visual tool to advance understanding of home.

This theoretical study explores myth and literature on intimacy through couples dynamics and selected family systems theories. The approach recommended combines Hellinger Constellation work (1998, 2001), Brennan Healing Science (1993,1995), and other modalities in psychotherapy to provide the couple with skills to promote deeper intimacy in a committed relationship. With a joint commitment to self-growth, couples can relate to one another with new understanding rather than through their histories of old hurts and traumas. Contact skills, interpersonal reflection skills, and self soothing skills all have the potential to improve communication and secure a healthy, strong bond that promotes deeper intimacy in a committed relationship.

This thesis utilizes heuristic methodology to investigate the factors that impede emotional reconnection between transnational mothers and their children after reunification. It is increasingly common for single mothers to parent from afar while working in another country. Due to this separation, the bond between mother and child is broken, creating in the child a longing for the mother to heal the separation wound, and an unconscious orphan complex that impedes emotional  reconnection. The longing for reconnection paired with emotional unavailability  catalyzes the adult child’s quest for self healing. The adult child must undergo  the journey of self healing through a process of individuation, searching within  the self to find awareness, acceptance, reconciliation, and appeasement of the split-off feelings associated with the abandonment.  Through self healing the adult child becomes emotionally available, and able to  communicate nondefensively about the abandonment, creating a new possibility for emotional reconnection with the mother.

The prevalence of suicide in contemporary society is a social problem that cannot be ignored by the people of the world. Suicide is the 11th leading cause of death in the United States; there is a suicide every sixteen minutes and eighty-eight per day. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, over 30,000 people committed suicide in 2001, and over 130,000 people attempted to commit suicide in 2002. For every death by suicide, dozens of people are affected by the loss; the people left behind we call suicide survivors. With every loss come feelings of grief, but for this particular population, their grief is slightly skewed from the norm.
For suicide survivors, grief is more complicated than is the sadness accompanying other types of death. This loss brings with it shock, denial, anger, guilt, shame, and a search for understanding. It takes longer to process and, therefore, throws people into a state of depression themselves. Using the heuristic methodology of research, I will use my personal experience of suicide to create a guide for others who are also experiencing this type of grief. This paper focuses
on the healing method of Therese Rando, who created clinical strategies and techniques that facilitate the grief of people left behind after a loss. She has identified the necessary processes one must complete to successfully conquer grief. Six tasks will be analyzed, in depth, as tools that grievers can use to discover healing. It takes incredible strength to face the death of a loved one and even greater strength to start over and find a "new" normal.
The diagnosis for Complicated Grief will also be examined. The trauma endured by suicide survivors increases their susceptibility to this kind of grief. Dealing with the shock, shame, anger, and the guilt of suicide are reasons that grievers find themselves in this particular kind of grief. It is by finding support and reaching out to others that this population finally comes to terms with their loss.
Intertwined with the story of the "The Hero's Journey," is the reference to each person who comes out of this sorrow as a hero himself. Through the use of my personal memoir and the story of the Gingerbread Man, this thesis will explore the healing of a suicide survivor and the challenges that were overcome to reach this place of healing. The Gingerbread Man Complex, the tendency to run away, will be introduced to shed light on what suicide survivors do to try to deal with their issues and grief. This thesis is a journey of the self, back into the loss, and ultimately, toward the peace that lies beyond the grief.

Building upon the premise that dreams are windows into internal psychic processes, healers in ancient Greece began the work psychotherapists today undertake to minimize psychic suffering by analyzing and understanding dreams. Therapists perform the function of mirrors, reflecting both the patient’s internal conflict as well as the roads that point toward internal cities of liberation. Using hermeneutic methodology, this thesis incorporates the work of Carl Jung, particularly Jung’s insights into dream analysis and his theory that dreams are symbolic representations of unconscious material within all people. Moreover, Jung believed that dreams gauge the dreamer’s balance between consciousness and the unconscious. Additionally, Jung proposed that dreams can sometimes predict the patient’s future as well as other paranormal activities, such as telepathic thought transmission between individuals.

The energy dynamics within and between intrapsychic and intersubjective networks are established in early development through the infant-object relationship. Through hermeneutic study, the works of psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, British object relational psychoanalyst, Donald Winnicott, and French psychoanalyst, Andre Green are brought together to explore differing points of view on these structures and their origins. The absence of the object is imperative to engender the infant's psychical functioning; however, abrupt or prolonged absence has the potential to severely impair the development of symbolic and reflective functions. The negative space that manifests in the intersubjective space gives rise to a corresponding space in the intrapsychic structure. These internal and external spaces, in collaboration with instinctual energies, are greatly influenced by the environment in ways that will both frustrate and possibly eliminate psychical functioning. These dynamic relationships manifest throughout life and have important implications for treatment.

The study of the human mind is currently limited by institutionalized and
internalized discrimination which restricts both its scope and its ability to aid individuals.
Individuals who are historically marginalized must be included as central to psychology.
Only then can psychology become relevant to all people. Organic Inquiry is a
methodological approach that allows for a more equitable examination of the lived
experiences of marginalized people.

Adolescence is a crucial time of development where consistent supportive environments are required for teenagers to gather and express their shared experiences. Teachers and school campuses serve as rickety bridges for teens to learn about themselves while integrating into society. Often, social ills, family discord, unmet childhood needs, mental illness, and age-typical struggles resonate within the classroom, impacting a student's ability to learn and survive as an adult. This qualitative thesis investigates the effects of providing school based therapy to a classroom of nine middle adolescent students in St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands. An experiential treatment modality is used to explore classroom dynamics, peer relations, self esteem, anger control, attitude toward school and teachers, and mental health diagnoses. Data collected from BASC self assessments (Reynolds & Kamphaus, 2004) inform tendencies and changes noted over the eight week study period. Clinical experiences, barriers, considerations, approaches, and conclusions for future work with adolescents in a school based setting are decorated throughout this explorative study.

Dissociation is a state of psychological fragmentation where conscious continuity
has been disrupted and the cohesion of the personality has metaphorically been split or
fractured. Integration or assimilation of disconnected psychic fragments into a
continuous, unified whole is considered to be, and experienced as, a state of well-being
and psychological health. Beginning with Jung’s theories on the nature and development
of consciousness, the implications and effects of these contradistinctive psychic dynamics
are explored. The concept of trauma is identified as the experience and agent of intrapsychic
splitting, as well as the potential initiator of psychic regeneration.

Hermeneutic methodology is employed to examine various theoretical texts to
expand and supplement a Jungian understanding of the relational dynamics between
dissociation and integration. Seen through the imagery of a personal dream, this thesis
posits that dissociation and integration are mutually occurring and simultaneous actions
through which the emergent self is revealed.

Historically human culture enjoyed a close relationship with nature that benefited
both by being interrelated and connected. We are indeed spirits connected to all that is
nature through a shared psyche. Utilizing both a heuristic and an alchemical hermeneutic
methodology this thesis examines the effect of the natural world on the psychological and
emotional health and well being of the body, mind, and soul. Modern ecological studies
support the importance of sustaining our natural environment for specific needs such as
the development of food sources. However, a disregard for the necessity and logic of
maintaining nature for the health of the world is apparent in our culture. Recognizing and
validating the earth as a part of who we are and protecting it for our soul is akin to
protecting the shelter of our homes for our physical bodies. We cannot be separated.

Conscious breathing is a direct experience that can bridge feelings of disconnection between the body, mind, and soul. Deep diaphragmatic breathing has become an acceptable clinical tool to help clients with stress reduction. While there are many benefits to this way of breathing, it lacks the specific structure and form that the yogic practice of alternate nostril breathing (ANB) offers. Previous research has concluded that ANB positively affects physiological functions and hemispheric brain activity. Using both heuristic and organic inquiry methodologies, this thesis examines the effects of ANB with breath retention and restraint (BRR) as a tool to deepen selfawareness, access the unconscious, and as a support to the individuation process as described by C. G. Jung. An autobiographical narrative explores the author’s experience of finding a living, third essence in the quietude between two breaths, the sacred space between two beloveds, and the healing space between the therapist and client.

This phenomenological study utilized interviews to explore the concept of tattoos as visible archetypes. Using the basic tenets of archetypal psychology as a foundational theory and Jungian dream work as a rubric for the investigation, I considered the tattoo images of five participants in the context of their typology, archetypal dynamics, and other relevant details from an in-depth interview. The significant findings of this study were: (a) the images of tattoos did function archetypally in the psychology of my participants, (b) typology as measured by the Keirsey Temperament Sorter II appears potentially to serve as a driving force for the desire and the capacity to become tattooed, and (c) the active archetypes measured by the Pearson-Marr Archetype Indicator® seem to relate to the motivation underlying each tattoo. These findings are quite compelling and relevant in many ways to the field of counseling psychology.

This thesis explores how trapeze can be a helpful adjunct to psychotherapy. Through each stage of psychotherapy, individuals are faced with new challenges and experience high peaks that give the impression of flying high and shallow valleys where the depths are umbra. Though each of the stages are transformational opportunities for individuation. Finding the balance is only awarded to the person who is able to experience and understand both sides of the peaks and valley spectrum. When the client is able to incorporate a free, trusted, flying and letting go experience in their psychotherapy, healing is possible. The key is finding the balance within the liminal space. This production thesis uses artistic-creative methodology, and is my experience of trapeze as an adjunct to my own therapy process and journey of wholeness. Readings of the literature argue how the experience and meaning of trapeze can help facilitate wholeness. These aspects of flying trapeze are demonstrated in the accompanying video //Blackbird Flying Free// (Andes, 2009), which explores the metaphorical, mythological, and psychological connection between trapeze and psychotherapy.
* The electronic copy of this thesis is on a single disc containing a single PDF file which can be opened with Adobe Acrobat Reader. The DVD presentation accompanying this thesis is on a single DVD-R disk containing a Final Cut Pro 6.0.5 QuickTime file which can be viewed on a MAC using QuickTime, a PC using Windows Media, a standard DVD player, and a Blue-ray player.

This production thesis uses hermeneutic and artistic-creative methodologies to
explore the psychology of an immigrant from a depth perspective. The overall purpose of
this study is to explore and share a deeper understanding of how immigrants transition
themselves into another culture, especially from a psychological perspective. The focus
of this research is the psychological and emotional mentality of an immigrant, viewed
through the lens of depth psychology, using the fairy tale of the “Ugly Duckling”
(Andersen, 1844/1875) as a model. The thesis includes the author’s personal journey and
experiences as an immigrant, illustrated using memoir and a series of photographs that
represent her experiences and inner process. The research attempts to convey a
comprehensive expression of the fundamental phenomenon. The inner search for home is
seen as a symbolic representation of the search for one’s self and as a path to
individuation, through which liberation is gained.

Currently, in Western society, the discovery of an intimate partner often involves very little in addition to a physical attraction to the other. Relationships and love are often viewed as a fairytale. The difficult times in relationships and what is needed to survive these times are rarely discussed. The inclusion of another during one's journey in individuation can be complex if one is not aware of one's unconscious intentions and motivations within the relationship. The ability to relate and give oneself to another on an intimate soul level demands not only an unconscious commitment to the other, but also to oneself. All relationships begin with projection, but for the relationship to reach a spiritual level, both partners must release their projections, accept and acknowledge each other for who they truly are. True acceptance of the other requires a level of self-reflection that many are unwilling or unable to achieve. Intimate relationships include a process of getting to know the other while defining how the two of you can become one unit, a couple. During this process, each must learn and understand certain truths about the other. Employing grounded theory and artistic creative methodology this thesis presents a model for obtaining crucial knowledge about a prospective partner. In learning these truths, one must unconsciously ask oneself if the relationship is one to which one can fully commit oneself.

Scapegoating can be viewed as occurring due to lack of consciousness of the part of the personality C. G. Jung identifies as the shadow. This lack of consciousness can generate fear, anxiety, and discomfort and often leads to the inability to tolerate the differences of others. Jung's (1969) concept of teleos, or wholeness, can hold an overarching solution to the problem of scapegoating. The work of bringing into consciousness that which has been discarded, accepting and reintegrating that which has been rejected, and embracing all aspects of self unequivocally can create wholeness and healing for those who scapegoat and those who carry what is defined by Sylvia Brinton Perera (1986) as the scapegoat complex. This study uses a heuristic approach in presenting a personal memoir to examine the relationship between disowned parts of self and the psychological concept of the scapegoat, especially the healing aspects of the scapegoat complex as it is made more conscious, particularly in providing for self-acceptance. The dynamics of scapegoating are explored through the lens of Jungian depth psychology and the imaginal and archetypal psychology of James Hillman. The history of the scapegoat is examined beginning with its origins as a social ritual to appease forces that threatened human survival. Understanding the motivations and drives that result in scapegoating and awareness and resolution of the scapegoat complex ultimately can become healing as a part of the larger process of initiation and individuation.

This production thesis utilizes creative and heuristic approaches in proposing
the efficacy of utilizing imagery from the unconscious as a therapeutic means of
healing. Influenced by Carl G. Jung, James Hillman, Erich Neumann, and other
pioneers in the field of depth psychology, the author presents her personal experience
and demonstrates how her journey through personal trauma was transformed by
accessing her inner realm. The production, an original painting presented in the thesis,
demonstrates the evolution of a symbolic language which developed over a lifetime
of such inner dialogue.

Many of the current resources on dreams and working with dream material lack a depth psychological orientation and simply provide a dictionary of words with predetermined meanings, guiding the reader to a predictable conclusion. This observation acknowledges the need for greater insight into dreams, especially when the dreamer is undergoing serious life challenges. The individuation process, for example, is one such aspect of life’s journey, and psyche provides clues in the form of dreams to further this process. This heuristic thesis explores how a Jungian depth perspective when working with dreams assists the individuation process. Differences are examined between Jung’s approach to dreams as compared to Freud’s and Hillman’s regarding the compensatory nature and dramatic structure of dreams, methods of amplification, the symbol, and the individuation process. A synthesis of the three approaches is proposed as an effective modality for working with dreams in the psychotherapeutic setting.

Young adulthood marks the death of the era of carefree, childhood innocence. This is a time when adolescents step out from under the protective wing of the caretaking or governing body that reigned over them and become legally responsible for themselves.Adolescents begin to become grownups, finding jobs, facing truths, and starting lives of their own while while bidding farewell to the familiarity and stability of home. Theorists described human development as stages in life that build upon the previous ones (Erickson, 1950; Fullmer, 1958; Kohlberg, 1969). Using hermeneutic and heuristic methodology, this research explores developmental milestones and the culmination of lessons learned in youth. Not widely researched, young adulthood is a currently pressing topic because this is the point at which one begins to apply knowledge acquired from childhood. A collection of artistic expression, anecdote, and examples from Western popular culture illustrate aspects of the developmental stage of young adulthood.

This heuristic thesis explores images and myth of the Latin American legend of La Llorona as a source for healing. Along with traditional talk therapy the use of imaginal psychology is beneficial for Hispanic women, who are not accustomed to Western society’s traditional therapy.

The author shares a memoir of her process of individuation in which a childhood story comes to her through image and dreams. The author uses Marie-Louise von Franz’s (1996) method of interpretation to explore the symbolism in the story of La Llorona and archetypal image. In her research, the author finds that Hispanic women who break away from their traditional roles feel “crazy” or mentally unstable at times. She parallels this with the way La Llorona is viewed by the Hispanic culture. The author includes a production component in which she recreates the story of La Llorona in order to redeem her and gives La Llorona a new image, which is also reflected in original art work by the author.

This thesis explores how attachment experiences during childhood give rise to adult attachment styles and how subsequent wounded attachment can be healed in the absence of memory of the original wounding. This thesis utilizes hermeneutic, alchemical hermeneutic, and heuristic methodologies to explore the power of mindfulness for people who either do not want to or cannot remember their childhood and struggle with attachment issues in their adulthood. Through active imagination with an image that arose in meditation, the author highlights the relationship between vipassana meditation and the alchemical process of depth psychology. The thesis discusses the importance of mindfulness in the field of psychology. The conditions needed for mindfulness practice and contraindications are also discussed. Findings show the possibility of repairing the past in the present through mindfulness practice and demonstrate how mindfulness enables therapists to be with clients in a more open and receptive posture grounded in present moment.

Fairy tale and story have been used throughout history as a means of exploring and working through the developmental phase in which children begin to identify their autonomy. Story can be used by clinicians, teachers, and families to alleviate a child’s feelings of anxiety and abandonment and to encourage a sense of competence in late childhood development. A combination of hermeneutic and artistic-creative methodologies has been employed in the research, aimed at analyzing selected stories, including an original tale by the author. A theoretical review of literature includes self psychology, as well as developmental, archetypal, and Jungian psychology, with the aim of conceptually balancing an understanding of the stage of late-childhood development with the psychodynamic experience. An original fairy tale, such as Olive (Armstrong, 2012), provides an outlet for a child to engage unconscious feelings and experience them in an external, conscious way, moving them down the path of individuation.

The sleep paralysis night-mare experience is an emerging area of interest and study; however, current research on this phenomenon is primarily based in the field of neuroscientific sleep study. This thesis approaches the sleep paralysis night-mare from a depth psychological perspective to provide an alternative, holistic understanding of the relationship between mind and body involved in the phenomenon. A hermeneutic inquiry into the current literature as well as the archetypal components and other aspects of myths, folklore, and art related to nightmares considers the cultural construction of the concept of sleep paralysis. Heuristic methodology is utilized in presenting personal experiences of sleep paralysis nightmares. Regarding the clinical application of the research, the study asserts the value of viewing the sleep paralysis night-mare as both mysterious and inexplicable and through the perspective of a traditional belief narrative that ascribes explanation or purpose.

Feminine power, relegated to the shadow of the psyches of men and women, is a
collective wound in Western society. Women’s suffering as a result of the undervalued
and denigrated status of the feminine manifests in depression, eating disorders,
addictions, trauma, and codependency. A rebalanced view of power including both
masculine and feminine principles is required for psychological health to occur within the
individual and society. Feminine images of power are found in prepatriarchal images and
myths that portray the archetypes of the Great Mother, the Wise Woman, and the Virgin.
This thesis uses hermeneutic and heuristic methodology to study the status of the
Feminine in Western society, and applies tenets of self psychology as well as Jungian and
archetypal psychology in proposing how women can restore the feminine individually
and collectively by changing their attitudes and life circumstances that support the
perpetuation of patriarchy.

Certain women born in the second half of the twentieth century share a common childhood story, hiding their earliest wounds behind a mask of action, achievement, and responsibility that is highly valued in our American culture. They are the overachievers, always seemingly in control and admired for their ability to do for others, yet somehow disconnected from their true feminine natures and identities. Created using a heuristic research process, this production thesis presents a thorough portrait of such women struggling to find themselves and the likely path of their journeys. First, a prototype of a universal "modern woman" is developed and explored using the theories of prominent depth psychologists, as a device to represent the common traits and characteristics observed. The plight of this universal modern woman is examined beginning with the development of her false sense of self, the obstacles she will face on her journey to wholeness, and the nature of her healing process. Next, the author presents her own memoirs to provide the reader with a vivid portrayal of one such modern woman's journey. Together, the reader experiences a complete set of images to consider in the quest for understanding and empathy in the therapeutic consulting room.

This thesis is an exploration of the journey of women from virgin to Aphrodite—in other words, the path of becoming a sexual being. The feminine journey of sexuality is explored through research in depth psychology, through study of legends and literature on sexuality and through personal writings. The historical origins of sexual repression illuminate the genesis of the blockage of the libidinal impulse in women. Contemporary understanding of the virgin archetype and the implications of imposed virginity show that the psychological meaning of being a virgin is not always what is commonly thought. By projecting fears and desires onto their daughters, parents give impetus to a negative cycle of female non-sexuality.
Called or not called, the goddess will be there. The archetype of Aphrodite will appear in the lives of women, wanted or unwanted. Aphrodite is portrayed in her many guises in an attempt to bring her to awareness. The awakening and development of the Aphrodite archetype is essential if women are to inherit their psychological fullness.
Reflections on personal experience of the journey from virgin to Aphrodite attend to the presence of the goddess in the author's life.
It is difficult to incarnate Aphrodite in modern society; in Mexico, it is even more so. But through all her devious paths, imposed disguises and welcome illuminations, she is truly beautiful.

Though much attention is given to promoting wellness amongst students in K-12 settings, little attention has been given to the role that classroom educators play in ensuring students’ wellbeing. Furthermore, classroom educators are now being called upon to serve as psychotherapeutic agents for students and are being asked to identify student mental illness. Nevertheless, many classroom educators lack the skills and training to ensure their own wellness and, hence, may be unprepared to serve as psychotherapeutic agents for students. The purpose of this thesis was to explore, from a depth-psychological perspective, ways of promoting wellness amongst K-12 classroom educators, in order that they may serve as psychotherapeutic agents for students. Through applying a hermeneutic approach to research methodology, this thesis found that teachers suffer from burnout, compassion fatigue, and vicarious trauma and can benefit tremendously from psychotherapy and support from school-based mental health professionals to promote their overall wellness.

Analytical complex theory continues to evolve in the paradigm of postmodern Jungian conceptualization. As such, there have been many modifications to Carl Jung‘s original model, many of which point to implementing ―evidence-based‖ explanations of complexes. The revisions to Jung‘s traditional theory raise an important question. If the current trends suggest historical and neurological influences as a cause of complexes, where does this leave the symbolic meaning of the symptom? Utilizing heuristic and alchemical hermeneutic methodology, this thesis explores how myth may be used to create symbolic meaning for clients in the therapeutic treatment of complexes. The research inquiry is considered in the context of Jung‘s original contribution, as well as through recent perspectives in analytical theory, and involves reviewing the use of both complexes and myth in analytical psychology. The study suggests that the use of myth may serve as a path to healing in the clinical treatment of complexes.

The Western culture‘s heavy emphasis on empirical, rational therapy has left little room for tending the soul in mainstream mental health clinics; yet the rational mind and the poetic soul are both important avenues of treating the totality of clients. Using hermeneutical and alchemical hermetical methodology, this study explores how an integration of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and archetypal psychology might impact the therapeutic environment. The research suggests that these two approaches are not opposed and that image might serve as a primary pathway to integration; both CBT and archetypal approaches rely on the use of image, although in different ways. The ability to pull from both CBT and archetypal psychology may provide a breadth of tools that are diverse in language, thus allowing both the mind and soul of clients to be heard and embraced. Clinical implication for integration lies in the therapist‘s experience and comfort with the language of both approaches.

This thesis explores the virtual world's impact on the human psyche. As a progressive culture strives to find and define itself, in the background humans are still searching for identity, soul, and meaning in every day life. Virtual worlds appear as a new frontier where people are looking for what is missing. In waking reality the labor pains of this search are difficult, but in virtual worlds soul-searching is not only allowed, it is encouraged. By exploring the connection between virtual worlds and the imaginal psyche, therapists and healers can learn about the virtual world trend sweeping away people's imaginations and how the experience can be both wounding and healing.     

Using heuristic and phenomenological research methodologies, this thesis explores the virtual world experience. Using a Jungian active imaginal approach, the author documents her own reactions to virtual worlds through different avatar creations and virtual activities. This work, supported by reference to field experts and depth psychology theorists, includes entries from her personal journal and custom-created images as well as dreams and insights.

This thesis is about using the technique of active imagination as a tool in healing sexual trauma. During trauma, the psyche may freeze in a way that solidifies particular experiences and keeps them away from conscious awareness. Alongside the therapist, the client uses creative expression to deepen awareness within, thereby bringing the traumatic experience into the light of consciousness. As though it were under the warmth of the sun, the painful experience can, in time, melt away.
This thesis provides a theoretical foundation for using active imagination in the recovery of sexual trauma. It also articulates the stages of trauma recovery, explains when to engage in active imagination during the process of recovery, and discusses the important role of the therapist throughout engaging in the technique. Finally, both clinical and non-clinical examples are included to demonstrate the technique more clearly.
This paper is unique because it focuses on sexual trauma and invites a positive, meaningful image of sexual union. The therapeutic goal of active imagination is integration of what was fragmented during trauma. Just as lovers might unite in lovemaking, so can union take place with the missing part of oneself to regain wholeness.

Over the past two decades there has been a decline in literature about men’s issues, masculinity, and manhood. The mythopoetic movement, which reached its peak in activity in the early 1990s, is now close to non-existent. Nevertheless, men in current Western society are still struggling with defining masculinity and understanding manhood. This thesis employs a phenomenological research method, which integrates scholarly research from the field of psychotherapy and clinical psychology, along with interviews conducted by the author with four men from the ages of 31 to 52. Chapter II explores literature in the field of psychotherapy and clinical psychology that covers the areas of men’s issues, masculinity, archetypal psychology, manhood, fatherhood, men’s anger, men’s violence, initiation, and rites of passage. Chapter III integrates interviews with four men that unravel the personal experiences of these men and their struggles with finding their own definition of masculinity.

This qualitative thesis uses hermeneutic research to connect and relate theory and fieldwork observations from the combination of neuro-linguistic programming (NLP), massage, and hypnosis. This creative and original method of healing is called NLP- Centered Bodywork&reg;. It facilitates healing and contributes to psychotherapy first through neuro-linguistic programming's dynamic experiential exercises (Diets & Delozier, 2000) that promote clarity and resolution in one's conscious mind regarding personal goals. Secondly, this method works with one's body through massage to release beliefs and memories stuck in the body (Rosen & Brenner, 2003). Finally, this method works with one's unconscious mind through hypnotherapy as a means to access who specialize in working with chronic stress, posttraumatic stress disorder, and unconscious parts of one's self more easily and comfortably (Rossi, 1993), Therapists depression can benefit from using an integrated approach. The author explains the structure of NLP-Centered Bodywork&reg; sessions and describes her method within an educational format.

Therapists may lose sight of the fundamental reason that talk therapy is practiced: to hear with empathy and understand the life stories of clients. Many depth-oriented psychological thinkers have observed that the myth and folk tale tradition seems to be a worldwide phenomenon defying time, location, and culture. This thesis explores the moral, ethical, and intellectual ideas in such tales and identifies themes, story plots, and lessons. Therapists, using a depth approach, may see that these recurrent themes are still operant today and can be used as a resource when treating clients by assisting them in comprehending the archetypal themes in their lives. Using case study and hermeneutic methodology, this thesis explores how this technique was applied in three case studies and observes the positive results obtained in the patient's therapy.

This thesis explores how losing a loved one, specifically a parent, can launch an individual into his or her most authentic life. Through a Jungian, depth-oriented lens, this work examines how death can be an impetus for the individuation process, thereby creating positive self-transformation and furthering spiritual development. The author demonstrates how the dream landscape and the unconscious are ways for engaging with and more fully understanding the individuation journey, and how death can be an opportunity for spiritual growth, bringing one closer to one's genuine Self. Using heuristic methodology, the author relays how the devastating loss of her father to cancer illuminated her path toward individuation, allowing her to cmmect to the divine and deepen the connection with her authentic Self. This thesis offers support and hope to those who have suffered the impact of losing a parent-death can be a gift, providing an avenue for personal growth

The disease of addiction is a national, international, and global epidemic. Using a hermeneutic research methodology, this thesis applies an alchemical perspective in exploring the transformation of the addict in recovery. Carl G. Jung (1983) saw the ultimate psychological and spiritual goal in the alchemical process as individuation. Correspondingly, in recovery, the addict is also in the transforming process of individuation. The alchemical stages reviewed include: calcinatio, solutio, coagulatio, and sublimatio, as well as, the alchemical concepts opus and prima materia. The 12 steps of Alcoholics Anonymous are examined as they pertain to the alchemical stages and in their relationship with the individuation process. The archetypal patterns of evil, the Shadow, and the Trickster are explored in connection with the addict in addiction. An account of Robert Louis Stevenson's (2002) //The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde// is presented as portraying the duality of addicts in their disease of addiction. The relationship between the spiritual attitudes of the alchemist and the addict is explored as this relationship is a strong determinant in the outcome of both transformations. The author presents her personal and professional accounts, narrative, and experience regarding the disease of addiction, including her personal path to individuation through her associations to the disease. The author emphasizes the need for a stronger importance placed on a more thorough education and understanding of the disease of addiction and the treatment of the recovering addict within the mental health field.

This thesis explores the impact of the connected threads of shame, homophobia, and shadow on the psyche of males in Western society who live with homosexual attraction. Through the lens of depth psychology, the study incorporates a self-analysis with a focus on factors and influences affecting the ongoing development and adaptation of the persona. Specific historical and archetypal elements of male homosexuality are also included to broaden the perspective of the research. The study develops and presents a deeper understanding of the persona’s complexity as a means and impetus to integrate and present more of one’s whole self to the collective society. Using a heuristic research methodology, pertinent literature and observations are integrated with personal life experiences of the author to further his individuation and healing, while creating a finished work that provides some therapeutic benefits for others.

Utilizing hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies, this thesis examines the psychological stages through collective delusion, particularly spiritual delusion, as exemplified in the author’s personal narrative. The delineated theoretical journey borrows from Joseph Campbell’s monomyth theory, which suggests the one ever-present and eternal life journey. This research draws from the theories of Carl Jung, Thomas Moore, James Hillman, and John Dourley for an internal depth psychological approach, as well as the external approach of social psychologists Irving Janis, Philip Zimbardo, and Irving Straub. Spiritual insights from the works of Jack Kornfield and Marina Caplan are also presented. This thesis offers a depth and cultural psychological understanding of the process by which innocent practice communities, individuals, groups, systems, or societies become delusional, inflated, or corrupt over time. The primary discovery in this research is the profound power of individualism and its impact on the development and maintenance of a healthy system.

Sexual assault is a horrific experience in anyone’s life. When a girl is sexually assaulted the experience can be so traumatic that it may forever alter who they are and how they view the world. This research explores the impact of childhood sexual assault on latency-age (between 5 until puberty) girls. The latency developmental stage is defined, examined and correlated with the physiological and psychological ramifications of an assault. One of the devastating and long-lasting effects of childhood sexual assault can be eating disorders, either binging without purging or binging with purging as well as anorexia nervosa. Many physical disorders also can result from the stress involved with a traumatic episode. A heuristic research methodology is utilized, as well as biographical and autobiographical narrative in order to explore and understand the adverse behavior and physiological manifestations in female survivors of childhood sexual assault.

This thesis seeks to answer the question: Does the language of the soul have the ability to create a feminine space of understanding and relax ego defenses, thus creating the safety for the self-healing mechanism to be activated? The methodology used in this research is qualitative, utilizing both text-based and arts-based data with an alchemical hermeneutic approach. A combination of personal visions, poetry and depth psychology are used to examine the language of the soul, and suggests that if one can find a way to hear this voice, it contains the possibility of profound healing. This process can be engendered therapeutically by adhering to the feminine principle that keeps in mind the deep wisdom that can be manifested by the ego’s realization that it is subordinate to the greater wisdom of the Self.

This thesis, in its broadest sense, is concerned with the archetypal foundations of
patriarchal consciousness, its origins and functioning as expressed in myth, and its
consequences for psyche. More narrowly, its primary focus is on establishing the
constellation of the trickster archetype as a compensatory response of psyche to the
splitting, repression, projection, and objectification of the archetypal feminine that
constitutes patriarchal consciousness. Employing a hermeneutic methodology, a
comparative study of trickster myths (Loki in Norse mythology and Hermes in Greek
mythology) will be used to demonstrate both the initial rupture between the archetypal
masculine and the archetypal feminine, as well as psyche’s constellation of the trickster
archetype as an attempt to repair the split archetypal polarity. The ultimate intentions with
this work are to expand analytical psychology’s theoretical understanding of psyche’s
innate responsiveness to its own fragmentation; to establish the compensatory nature of
the constellation of the trickster as a facet of the archetype; and to explore the
psychological, psychotherapeutic, and social implications of the splitting-off of the
archetypal feminine from the archetypal masculine.

Given that family is a vital component of the larger social structure, it is perplexing to note the failure of U.S. communities to prepare and support families with skills and resources to promote psychological well-being. Using hermeneutic and heuristic research, this thesis explores issues that beset families from the perspectives of community psychology and family systems, attachment, and Jungian theory in an effort to develop a community-based and preventative approach to strengthening families and their relationship with community. The author examines his clinical practice and personal experiences to understand the impact on the family of a lack of relational skills, attachment issues, psychological differentiation, and individuation, compounded by the lack of accessible psychological supports. The thesis culminates in a proposal for the development of CAFÉ, a program of psychoeducation and enrichment activities to strengthen families and their relationship with community in coping with the pressures of a constantly changing society.

It is the hypothesis of this thesis that understanding and fully allowing deep emotions is mostly absent in psychotherapy. Thus, the author looks to Primal therapy as a basis for responding to this perceived gap. Primal therapy is a method of reliving and emotionally discharging childhood traumas. Its corresponding theory is an extensive look into childhood pain and its effect on adults‘ lives. The author utilizes heuristic research to examine how Primal therapy illuminates the concept of deep emotion in therapy and how it limits them. In response to the latter, the author expands on Primal therapy‘s view of deep emotions, in hopes of portraying a broader picture of emotions in therapy. One of these developments is the proposition of a fourth level of consciousness, in addition to Primal therapy‘s original three, called the universal mind that the author suggests is vital to embracing the entire emotional life in psychotherapy.

Creative process can be viewed from many perspectives and involves many
variables. In this study, creative process is seen as a container for the integration of
masculine and feminine elements. This thesis is a psychological consideration of these
elements. It is a production thesis, based on the creation of a dance, Stockholm, during
which the author explored, using a heuristic methodology, the presence of masculine and
feminine energies in creative process. The process of creating the dance served as the
laboratory in which this research occurred. Particular aspects of this work of art are
presented as are theories regarding creative process and considerations of masculine and
feminine elements. Connections are also made between the experience, the effects of
differentiating the masculine and feminine energies identified in the creative process, and
the process of psychotherapy, which is presented in this thesis as one form of creative
work. A recording of the performance of Stockholm is provided in DVD format as an
appendix to this thesis.

Fairy tales can be an important tool in depth psychology. Utilizing the fairy tale of
The Twelve Months and a hermeneutic methodology, this thesis delves into the
transformation of the animus within the process of individuation. Deep within the fairy
tale lies the essence of human nature. By studying the truth of one’s soul through the
fairy tale, one can stay in contact with one’s inner depths.

This thesis draws on a simple fairy tale and the author’s own personal culture and
experiences to explore the dimensions of the animus and its role in the individuation
process. The literature reviews the history and culture of women’s roles in
Czechoslovakia. In addition, it reviews the concept of the animus, its formation, function,
and stages of development along with the positive and negative aspects. It also reviews
the individuation process and Marie-Louise von Franz’s (1996) method of interpreting a
fairy tale.

This thesis is an attempt to explore how narcissistic mothering affects one’s relationship to an experience of creativity. The heuristic method is employed in the context of a production thesis in order to investigate the challenges a narcissistic mother poses to her child’s development of an authentic sense of self. Creativity can be both motivated and blocked by complications inherent in negotiating the way back to the true self that was sublimated in an attempt to maintain a vital connection to mother. If a mother has not mirrored the child, the child will seek the mirroring from others. Artistic production can be directly influenced by the need to create a mirror of self. The author presents her original fairytale to demonstrate how those who have been narcissistically wounded can utilize a heightened awareness of the distinction between their false and true selves to bridge and integrate the two.

This thesis focuses on what lies beneath the surface—in the depths—of the events, situations, and experiences of a life lived mythopoetically. Utilizing the depth psychological perspectives of analytical, archetypal, and imaginal psychology, via a heuristic research methodology, this thesis presents the mythopoetic life: a life lived soulfully. It explores the interrelationship between that mythopoetic life and individuation—the vessel and process by which one grows and nurtures personality and creates soul; daimon of destiny—the voice and archetypally numinous, intermediary, fate-like force carrying image, consciousness, and vocation; and active imagination—the vehicle crucial to conscious and unconscious movement and self-regulation within the psyche. To augment and support this thesis, a compilation of personal journal entries, poetry, collage, drawing, photography, and essay will be included to demonstrate how multiple and multifarious loss can function as a creative, restorative, and often painful link toward autonomy, conscious living, and vocation.

The word "chaos" describes all that is outside the known and expected order of things. In nature and in the psyche a period of chaos is often present just before the emergence of something new and beyond the realm of what was imagined. This thesis addresses the movement from chaos to new form as it is found in nature, science, myth, depth psychology, and the therapeutic setting.
Attention is focused on chaos in therapy, including symptoms and diagnoses that arise for clients and therapists. As therapists, our beliefs about the role of chaos are essential to examine. The main theory in this paper is that chaos is valuable and necessary for transformation. When endured, chaos will often send an individual closer to a personal inner calling or purpose. On the other hand our fears of and defenses against chaos may cause great suffering and send one deeper into that which is most feared.
Clinical issues regarding countertransference and the role of the therapist are extensively explored. As clients move into chaotic experiences, therapists are forced to address their own relationship to chaos and to notice their own defenses against "falling apart" or losing a clear sense of identity. By experiencing one's own chaos, a therapist may become more aligned with his or her purpose and be able to witness and accompany others to their own.

This thesis presents an alchemical hermeneutical inquiry regarding the shamanic initiatory processes of Western-trained mental health practitioners, and their use of revival forms of shamanic healing techniques and modification of traditional practices to meet the needs of the modern Western psyche. Through examining the literature, the author establishes a depth psychological perspective on the oppression of traditional shamanic cultures, and the emergence of the shaman archetype in psychotherapy. Through in-depth interviews with experts in the field, and reflections and transference dialogues related to the author’s experience of shamanic initiation and healing, a body of research is presented that demonstrates the processes through which Westerners trained in the field of psychology are being called to and learning to use shamanic healing. This research is intended to demonstrate the initiatory processes one can experience when called to the path of Spirit and the usefulness of various shamanic practices in Western psychological practice.

This thesis explores how nondual spiritual understanding can inform and transform the psychotherapeutic experience by amplifying the concept of rigpa, the Tibetan term for awareness, and exploring how it can be recognized in the here-and-now experience of the therapist. The hypothesis is that if the therapist comes to a decisive experience of awareness and abides in awareness in the counseling room, then the therapeutic relationship becomes a numinous encounter. This hermeneutic study explores the ways in which the experience of awareness can be recognized and cultivated as elucidated by several dzogchen and advaita teachers as well as Western psychotherapists and educators. Both well-known and esoteric texts are examined in order to see how nondual awareness aligns with the ongoing evolution of Western psychotherapy. This comparative exploration amplifies the presence of awareness in the here-and-now of human life and builds an appreciation for the practical applications in the clinical setting.

This thesis explores the possibility that the search for psychological meaning and
a sense of depth within a postmodern context may be an impossible project within the
modernist paradigm in which the dominant discourse of psychology currently resides.
The inquiry documents the author’s heuristic contribution toward a reformulated notion
of depth that honors the fruits of the ongoing modern-postmodern debate by taking into
consideration the intersection of postmodern philosophy, literary theory, and
contemporary psychology. The heuristic immersion in postmodern thought results in a
collection of poetry that helps to articulate an aesthetic notion of depth referred to as the
poetic attitude—one that provides a philosophical framework well-suited to the problem
of depth for the postmodern psyche. As a whole, this discussion helps sensitize the field
of psychology to some of its basic assumptions—assumptions that must be reformulated
if it is to remain a relevant discipline within postmodern culture.

This production thesis utilizes an artistic-creative methodology through the workings of both heuristic and hermeneutical approaches to explore the function of story—how we are told stories and how we retell them—throughout an individual’s life. Furthermore, this thesis examines their role and effect on the mental-emotional realm. Through the craft of creating her own personal fairy tale by way of active imagination, the author offers an example of working with archetypal images (common to the author as well as the collective) to come into contact with unconscious drives and shadow impulses, confront their intentions, and ultimately come to resolution over their tensions, resulting in psychological transformation. This thesis offers a look into the importance of play, the imaginal realm, and the endless nature of meaning making and their relationship to healing.

Since its publication in 2009, The Red Book, a journal of drawings (particularly mandalas) and commentary by Carl Jung, has been a controversial work that has generated a variety of opinions as to its possible purpose. Heuristic, hermeneutic, and artistic-creative research methodologies are used to explore The Red Book, its intent and meaning as related to accessing the content of the unconscious. Some major themes of The Red Book are presented along with the topic of mandalas in conjunction with their importance to Jung and their significance in various cultures. The author's individual interaction with The Red Book resulted in her personal dialogues and mandalas as documented in this thesis. This method is proposed for use by clinicians with suitable clients who can handle working with the unconscious.

Paruresis or public urination phobia materially interferes with the daily lives of 7% of men and a significant percentage of women (Soifer, Zgourides, Himle, & Pickering, 2001, p. 2), prohibiting urination either in one's own home or in public facilities. As a social phobia, paruresis is part of a subset of anxiety disorders involving difficulty in social or performance situations in the presence of other people (Morrison, 1995, p. 262). Phobias that significantly interfere with daily living cry out as a message from the soul for attention. Often, underlying affects of shame, depression, anxiety, and an accompanying sense of helplessness and hopelessness promote avoidance behaviors.
This study proposes that adding depth psychology approaches such as self psychology, imaginal psychology, Jung's individuation work, and depth-oriented brief therapy, can enhance efficacy in treating paruresis. Depth psychology, as part of a multipronged treatment plan, can blend in with the more linear modalities of behavioral desensitization and cognitive behavioral therapy. This added dimension endeavors to enhance the process of shifting how the client views paruresis, not just in the conscious linear cerebral cortex, but in the primitive ancient areas of the brain and body where unconscious thoughts dwell, in order to significantly enhance the healing process.

This thesis explores a method of tending to dreams as living images when going through major life shifts. Using a heuristic research methodology, the author demonstrates how the process of dream tending (Aizenstat, 2011) facilitates a supportive environment when questioning one’s identity as well as one’s external support system. A demonstration of dream tending applied to two dreams shows how dream work moves into relational work with psychic images of the psyche, as reflected in drawings by the author that represent the psychological process of animating dream figures. The images offered unconditional love and support and guidance through two of the author’s major life changes: becoming sober and coming out as transgender, then transitioning physically from female to male. By utilizing this form of dream tending that honors authenticity, an individual is assisted by dream figures in processing core issues in a way that fosters a healthy and fulfilling life.

This thesis examines the healing nature of autobiographical story telling through solo performance theatre in a group therapy setting. Utilizing the literature related to group therapy, psychodrama, humanistic psychology, and in particular depth-oriented approaches to psychotherapy, such as archetypal and self-psychology, answers about the nature of healing through image, personal stories, and theatre emerge. Case studies and heuristic research methods are employed, including, interviews, and personal experience, in order to understand various methods of writing for solo performance theatre and the impact of the writing and performance process on participants and audience members. Research culminates in a guide to the application of a depth psychologically oriented therapeutic method for group therapy called “self-story drama therapy,” or SSDT, which answers the question of how one might go about using solo performance theatre as a healing tool.

Despite two centuries of psychiatric and psychological effort in trying to fully understand and map out the disorder of psychopathy, a satisfactory and complete theory of the disorder, including treatment protocols, continues to be elusive. Yet it is important that this disorder is understood. Therefore, this thesis examines and synthesizes the accumulated literature of Depth psychology that pertains to this disorder, in an attempt to make a comprehensive theory available. In addition, this thesis provides some new angles and insights of Depth Psychology in the hopes that it will contribute to the total body of knowledge regarding psychopathy. The theories of depth psychological scholars going back more than thirty years, are reviewed and these include etiological explanations, identification of primary and secondary symptoms, and descriptions of the cause of the disorder over time. Significant archetypal manifestations are presented that are associated with, identified with, and embodied by the psychopathic personality. These include: The Trickster, Hermes, Eros, Saturn and The Invalid. Furthermore, the archetypes of Animus and Anima, as well as The Shadow archetype, are also explored here. However, a comprehensive depth psychological approach including practical instructions for efficacious treatment of this population is not presented. Hopefully this synthesis of the body of work of depth psychological scholars, utilizing hermeneutic methodology, along with some modest personal contributions, will create a foundation for further exploration on the topic of psychopathy.

Sometime during the broad range of years encompassing midlife, a shift in identity occurs. The ego orientation of early adulthood loses the strength of its position, and one's life direction is swayed, often against the will, by the pull of something essential within. When parents die, as is expected during the midlife years of the adult child, the landscape is dramatically altered. As the meaning of the change takes shape for each individual, the current of midlife transition cuts deeper and swifter in its movement towards the true self The underlying purpose of the thesis is to convey the ways in which these experiences contain the prima materia for individuation. The midlife adult faces a crucible, comprised of the stark realities which appear in the light of the real and symbolic loss of parents. He is confronted with the task of growing into his full potential. In the context of a culture that lacks acknowledgment of significant life transitions, the death of parents presents a rite of passage to the second half of life. The thesis offers the space and permission needed to explore the depth and meaning of these phenomena. It points out that psychotherapists have a place to do the same in a society where the ability of individuals to look deeply into their experience is inhibited. It proposes that a combination of spiritual and psychological perspectives is called for in order to accommodate the commingling developmental and mystical processes of the midlife adult.

The archetypal and mythological figure trickster holds a legion of narratives as culture hero creating mischief, exposing shadows and power imbalances, and bringing messages from the gods. In religious narratives, the divine child in the sacred family holds a similar function, shifting moral and cosmic order. Subject to the unconscious of parental figures, children often bear the weight of disparities in power, triangulated to carry anxieties and cultural expectations. The child may inherit shadows and traumas that expose the unconscious of the mother and father. In exploring masculine and feminine principles, anima and animus, good and evil, a trickster child, seen as rogue hero, thus uses imaginative strategies for self-preservation and creates possibilities for differentiation and individuation. Utilizing a heuristic and alchemical hermeneutic methodology, this thesis explores the author’s story written as a personal trickster mythology.

This thesis explores how Voice Dialogue, a sophisticated psychological model developed by Hal and Sidra Stone more than 36 years ago, shares some of its theoretical foundations with other, more well-known, psychological modalities. It also focuses on demonstrating how the complex and profound energetic laws that regulate the Yin-Yang theory established by Chinese medical doctors as early as 700 years B.C.E. are in perfect agreement with Voice Dialogue's theoretical and clinical model, and how both frames of reference can help expand one's understanding of in-depth psychological dynamics.
While Voice Dialogue and the psychology of the Aware Ego is a well-known approach to therapy and self-exploration throughout the world, it remains a poorly known, and too often unknown, modality in the higher levels of educational and vocational schools and universities that teach clinical and counseling psychology, as well as within the clinical field of practicing psychologists, Marriage and Family Therapists, social workers, and counselors because it has not-believes this author-been articulated into a scholarly exploration of its theoretical foundation.
While much inquiry has been made into accessing and processing shadow and unconscious material-especially since the use of hypnosis and the tremendous body of work of great thinkers and analysts such as Freud and Jung-the Stones have taken the work of many brilliant minds to anew level, putting forth an innovative way to understand and integrate disowned aspects of the psyche into one's daily personality.
The integration of our unconscious, or shadow, material into our consciousness has been a thread that links many schools of thought in depth psychology. This author believes that teaching the Voice Dialogue process-when used within its realm of efficacy-to as many professionals as possible within the field of human consciousness can only benefit the greatest good of all.
This thesis will intertwine the theoretical frames of reference of the therapeutic modality called Voice Dialogue and Yin-Yang theory with the depth psychological perspective. Since this researcher's focus is on describing and analyzing two holistic clinical therapeutic approaches-rather than quantifiable and replicable ones-this thesis will be written from a Qualitative Research Methodology. Seven detailed case studies will be used to demonstrate the seven Yin-Yang laws and their intrinsic inter-relationship with the Voice Dialogue modality. Therefore, Case Study Methodology will also be used throughout Chapter III in order to support and demonstrate this researcher's analytical interpretation. Because this researcher's interest also lies in inter-weaving two frames of references-Voice Dialogue and Yin-Yang theory-within the depth psychological perspective, the reader will also identify the Hermeneutical Research Methodology as an intrinsic element permeating this thesis.

The relationship to food, whether on an individual or societal basis, carries with it potential for nourishment on multiple levels. A mindful, healthy connection to the sourcing, preparation, serving, and enjoyment of food can become a catalyst for inner transformation, psychologically and physiologically. Utilizing hermeneutic methodology, this thesis explores food in relation to the soul by examining historical and cultural practices and beliefs about food. Various works of literature and the writings of culinary aficionados are discussed, giving examples of savoring food and receiving deep nourishment. In addition, a heuristic approach is undertaken to demonstrate the influence food has had on this researcher by recording personal reflections on her life and on literature that include memorable stories about the healing power of food. Depth psychological practices and theory may be positively impacted by the results of this research, due to the far-reaching implications for both mind and body.

Therapy as it is currently practiced is adapting people to a sick society. Using artistic-creative, heuristic, and phenomenological methodologies, this production thesis explores the potential for psychological transformation and growth through service. Neuroscience reveals that interrelationship changes brain chemistry, personality, and attachment styles. Recent research in the physical and life sciences suggests all is interconnected. This thesis explores how service or volunteerism becomes a theory as well as an intervention, one in which individuals become stewards toward the well-being of others and the planet. How can the field of psychology incorporate service to better serve, and possibly heal, people and our planet?
I present interviews and a documentary film providing firsthand accounts of service and new myths of psychology. Based on personal experiences and a theoretical synthesis of science, psychology, and spirituality, I conclude the therapy room must become a cell of revolution and of compassion in action.

The sexy baby is an archetype characterized by youth and sexuality. A child traumatized by negative sexualization may develop a sexy baby complex through overidentification with this archetype. This thesis is a heuristic inquiry regarding how the sexy baby complex manifests as an archaic self-defense mechanism against trauma. While it protects the individual from further trauma it also causes a repetition compulsion of the trauma. The purpose of this inquiry was to promote understanding and healing of the sexy baby complex. The research utilized an artistic-creative methodology in order to personify aspects of the sexy baby in an original play so as to understand the archetype in the psyche and as a social phenomenon. The personifications in the play are analyzed from a depth psychological perspective. The artistic-creative approach is combined with heuristics because the research involved the author’s own experience and research with the sexy baby complex.

This thesis employs heuristic and hermeneutic methodologies to explore the lives of military wives from a depth psychological perspective. The author investigates the obstacles inherent within the military lifestyle that may hinder military wives’ journeys through the complex process of individuation. The hindrances explored include dependence, marginalization, and myriad psychological challenges such as depression, anxiety, stress, and grief that result from frequent separations from loved ones, transiency, deployments, lack of control, and loss of identity. This thesis posits that individuation is critical to achieving wholeness and a healthy psyche; however, for military wives, their lifestyles place them at a distinct disadvantage in the individuation process as compared to civilian women. Informing psychotherapists of this unique population’s struggles enables therapists to work more effectively with military wives. This work suggests possible clinical applications of the findings and discusses the clinical implications of the research.

If women have difficult relationships with their fathers, a complex ensues, which can have lasting psychological effects. Facing this issue, they can begin to see how their past casts its shadow on the present, creating a false reality. The feminine has also been wounded by the Patriarchy. Many women, by trying to fit into this system, have lost touch with their feminine essence. By becoming conscious of their father complex and learning to deal with its effects, they can begin to find healing for their feminine wound.
This thesis used the fairy tale, "Snow White and Rose Red," to understand more about the feminine, as well as the animus, a woman's inner masculine. The animus was explored in terms of both its positive and negative effects on the psychology of women. The Rose was connected to the divine feminine in paganism, and, in Christianity, to the Virgin Mary and to Mary Magdalene. The Magdalene was believed by some to be the bride of Christ and their union was seen as example of the sacred marriage. This concept, embedded in Jungian thought, occurs within the individual with the conjunction of the masculine and the feminine elements. A new consciousness is born out of the tension of the opposites. It brings a healing to the psyche on its path to Individuation and a realization of the true Self with its connection to the divine.

Initiatory life and death imagery are explored through the lens of developmental significance, as well as the concept of metaphorical suicide as a transformational urge. Also considered is the impact and influence the family and community has on the success and failure of the initiatory juncture. This production thesis looks at the impact of a life-threatening traumatic event as an initiatory wound in the adolescent rite of passage. The biological theories of trauma as well as the depth perspectives of Marion Woodman (1991) and Sigmund Freud (Gay, 1989) are reviewed. A personal memoir of the author's son and his near fatal ski accident, and the ripple effect that trauma had on this family and their community is included as the creative portion of this thesis.

Through a heuristic exploration, this thesis examines how the challenges in
intimate love relationships provide a catalyst for the individuation process. Research
explains how one’s individuation cannot be advanced without the impact of another
person. Early relationships with primary caretakers, and the inevitable wounding that
occurs in these relationships, become a template for later self-attitudes and relationships.
Individuals unconsciously seek partners who are similar to their primary caretakers,
replicating their core wounds in attempts to acquire what was missing in childhood.
Intimate relationships can serve as a platform to awaken individuals to parts of
themselves previously hidden from consciousness. Working through childhood wounds
in a love relationship provides an opportunity for healing through a process of initiation
that can lead to deeper individuation. This thesis proposes that in facing the trials of pain
in a love relationship, one can use these stages of initiation to discover a path to
individuation.

This thesis asserts that the absence of adolescent rituals of initiation in American
culture today has created a crisis in which adolescents must meet an archetypal urge for a
symbolic death and rebirth by attempting to self-initiate through extreme behavior that is
often self-destructive and antisocial. The depth psychotherapist specializing in
adolescents must therefore adopt a shamanic role, and allow her consulting room to serve
as a sacred space in which her sessions with adolescents take on the significance of ritual.
This thesis provides an historical and theoretical synthesis of social, anthropological,
religious and psychological perspectives on the function and meaning of initiation as both
a culturally supported ritual, and as an archetypal, inner experience. Links are drawn
between the thematic content of pre-industrial adolescent initiation rituals, and selfdestructive
and antisocial behaviors common among adolescents growing-up today,
including self-mutilation, gang violence, substance abuse, and suicide. The author uses a
narrative of her own troubled adolescence, and provides a case study of a fictional
character in the modern film Thirteen, to illustrate how the appearance of the archetype
of initiation creates a need for containment, transformation and rebirth in adolescents, and
how this need can be recognized, diagnosed and treated by the depth psychotherapist.

This thesis is an inquiry into the possibility that approaching, embodying, and analyzing an arduous body, mind, and spirit pilgrimage from a depth psychological perspective can contribute to meaningful psychospiritual transformation as pilgrims seek a deeper experience of Self. Utilizing a heuristic methodology, the author presents a memoir that shares her hero’s journey story of walking the Camino de Santiago and the insights and transformation constellated on this ancient path. The literature review attends to primary depth psychology aspects employed on her peregrination: dream analysis, active imagination, and the concepts of archetype and synchronicity. Literature on trauma and its archetypal defenses is reviewed, as a childhood wound was reconstellated while the author walked the Camino. Thesis findings indicate that a depth perspective helps pilgrims uncover, analyze, and integrate a variety of both onerous and joyful experiences, resulting in meaningful psychospiritual transformation on a quest for a richer experience of Self.

Love has been declared an ineffable mystery since the beginning of time. Who more qualified to shed light on it, then, than the world’s most beloved master-sleuth, Sherlock Holmes? This thesis presents a study in love through the medium of a case-specific analysis, specifically, the case of Sherlock Holmes and John Watson as reimagined in the present-day BBC production, Sherlock. A hermeneutic literature review identifies themes that emerge in the BBC Sherlock narrative relative to love and its polar forces. These themes are then explored in depth in the context of the relationship between Sherlock Holmes and John Watson as it develops in the narrative. It is an approach that relies on the tools of observation and deduction that Holmes employed to solve the mysteries with which he was presented, and is grounded in the premise that useful knowledge on the subject of love—necessary for any therapist who wishes to work with couples—can be gained through the case methodology that Holmes himself revered.

Integration of the animus is a necessary step in the development of consciousness and psychological wholeness for women in the second half of life. Patriarchal influences, however, limit women from displaying nonnurturant or so-called masculine qualities. These limitations effect a woman's ability to succeed in the external world of career as well as the facility with which she is able to explore and embrace masculine attributes in the process of individuation. Conscious retrieval of negative animus forces from the personal shadow can be garnered through dream imagery and active imagination. Although these images may be terrifying and difficult to accept, to the extent that a woman can integrate the negative animus into her consciousness, she is empowered to employ its strength and decisive qualities towards both inner and external goals. This is aptly modeled in the ancient Sumerian myth of the Descent of Inanna. In the second half of life, this exploration of the negative animus may well be a soul journey, as illustrated in the author's account of her own animus journey at midlife. Although difficult, this journey holds the benefit of grounding a woman in the knowledge of her deeper feminine nature as she strives to adopt the masculine qualities of the animus in the service of her authentic voice, needs, and values. The research method employed is heuristic in nature.

There are certain polarized and contrasting features within the human psyche such as creative/destructive, concrete/abstract, active/passive, logical/emotional, and penetrating/receptive. These features can often be in conflict resulting in defense mechanisms such as projection, self-destruction, or unstable relationships. In order to develop more harmony and balance, one must recognize how certain principles or features are devalued, develop a deeper appreciation for the contrasts, and learn to hold a tension of opposites between the contrasts. This process can be considered a form of the individuation process as described by Carl Jung. It can lead to personal growth and a sense of wholeness.
These patterns can also be witnessed in westernized society. There is much concern that this society, viewed as the collective psyche, has overvalued certain features at the expense of others creating a tenuous future. Many changes have occurred in the last century that appear promising for moving into a more secure balance.
Similarly, individuals struggle with contrasting aspects within their own psyche. Psychotherapists can assist clients in recognizing these contrasting features and developing the ability to hold them in harmony.

This thesis addresses the problem that an individual's inner and outer landscape has been severely affected by the lack of meaningful connection between the self and the earth. Utilizing hermeneutic and heuristic methodology, this research includes consequences in both the interior landscape of the individual and the earth's landscape, when little or no time is available for soul work and the sacred elements of existence take a back seat to the demands of industrialized living and work conditions which isolate the individual from the natural environment. The myths and philosophies that have contributed to the destruction -- as opposed to the creation -- of the soul of the earth and its inhabitants are also explored. The fields of depth psychology, archetypal psychology, ecopsychology, philosophy, history, and Christian mythology are credited, as are the author's personal experiences while traveling to South America and certain images encountered in her dreams.

Depression in adolescent girls has reached epidemic proportions in modem Western culture and symptoms are commonly misunderstood and misdiagnosed. This theoretical thesis utilizing hermeneutic methodology focuses on American adolescent females, ages 12 to 19. The psychology of adolescence, the cultural effects on the feminine psyche, and the inner and outer manifestations of depressive symptoms are examined. A deeper insight emerges through the exploration of fairy tales as metaphors for the landscape of depression in adolescent girls. The themes that weave through these fairy tales suggest that depression in adolescent girls is not a new phenomenon, but has existed cross-culturally for thousands of years. Emphasis is placed on the importance of discovering the meaning behind symptoms expressed by adolescent girls. Today's teenage girls represent the future of our society. It is in the best interest of the culture to assure that they become the best and healthiest adult women possible.

Depression has been traditionally treated with medication in an effort to alleviate the debilitating symptoms and to ease the burden of the sufferer, but there are costly side affects to this way of treating the disorder. This thesis explores a broader therapeutic concept for the treatment of depression incorporating mindfulness techniques and yoga practices into the depth psychology model for the treatment of symptoms. This integrative approach mobilizes and enhances the client's innate ability to heal, generating hope and life-affirming connection to others. Marrying mindfulness practices with depth psychology breaks through the limitations of current Western thought and practices to liberate the therapist and client to explore the transformative potential of the symptoms of depression. 

Employing a heuristic approach to exploring this alternative to treatment of depression, the author presents examples and a particular case study from her practice with patients with mental disorders who suffer from stress and depression, among other symptoms. The results reported from incorporating mindfulness, breathing techniques, and yogic practice in group and individual sessions are testimony to the proposal of the thesis. A Chair Yoga routine is presented in appendixes.

This thesis uses a heuristic approach to explore the importance of a woman’s experience of childbirth as a critical rite of passage in her life. A review of literature related to rites of passage, psychological transformation, the hero’s journey, and a mythic tale of death and rebirth provides the foundation for and conceptual lens through which the author analyzes her experience of childbirth and its effect on her sense of self and experience of motherhood. It becomes clear through a depth psychological approach that childbirth holds the potential to allow the woman to birth a more whole sense of self.

Food, diet, and eating habits may bring about profound changes, not just in the body, but also in the mind and psyche. Utilizing a combination of phenomenological and heuristic methodology, this thesis considers two main avenues of study with regard to energy and its affect on the body and mind: a depth psychological approach to the psyche and its phenomena and the macrobiotic, holistic, tradition-based methods of nutrition and natural mental and physical health. With the depth approach, an analysis of psychic energy, symbol formation, archetypes, and complexes is employed as a means to illustrate the parallels to the macrobiotic view of energy, the energy in food, and diet's acute influence on functions of the mind and spirit. This paper highlights the macrobiotic- based theory that qi energy is behind all phenomena. A metaphysical investigation of phenomena ranging from psychopathology, degenerative disease, and archetypal properties of the internal organs and foodstuffs yields a comprehensive picture of food's impact on the psyche. Opportunities are proposed for the therapeutic value and utility of such knowledge.

The journey toward Self-realization has been the goal of many ancient practices. The author uses heuristic methodology to examine his experience integrating the psychological process of individuation and the Hindu spiritual practice of Bhakti yoga. The author describes how analytical psychology and spiritual practices are interrelated, complementing and supporting each other. The differences between individuation and Self-realization and how one might lead to the other are illustrated, as are the benefits of spiritual practice in supporting the reintegration of shadow and the creation of a relationship with the Self. Ways in which psychotherapists can help clients in their journey toward individuation and Self-realization by bringing spirituality into therapy are discussed. The longing for union with something that is more than, and stands behind, the ego is both psychological and spiritual: connection with the inner Divine, or the archetypal Self, is the only way to satiate this hunger.

What is the process that the psyche uses to turn an ordinary stone into something sacred? The question is addressed in this heuristic thesis. Through a lens of stone, this archetypal exploration involves collective and metaphorical levels. The heuristic research model described by Moustakas (1990) is employed to recreate the lived experience. Concepts from Romanyshyn’s (2007) articulation of alchemical hermeneutics supports the expression of a researcher’s unconscious mind to participate in the work. This thesis holds that Self and shadow lie within the stone. The alchemical key of an individual’s therapeutic shadow work can unlock the power of the stone. This process releases the image as well as the essence of the stone, which leads to personal transformation. The author presents an original work, A Song in the Stone: A Family Fairy Tale, and uses the methodology taught by von Franz (1996) to interpret it.

Combining hermeneutic and heuristic inquiry, this thesis aims to bridge the natural and social sciences through an exploration of the relationship between the emergent field of epigenetics and depth psychology. Grounded in the author’s personal experience, it considers epigenetics as an archetype, offering a new perspective by which to work with complexes associated with mind-body splits resulting from early relational trauma. It explores the idea of a complex as encapsulated energy and encourages moving beyond the notion of holding the tension of opposites and instead opens the imaginal possibility of a more fluid and dynamic relationship between soma and psyche.

This thesis addresses the research question: What is the direct sensory experience nature of After Death Communication (ADC), and its effect on the process of bereavement? The hypothesis is that through the journey of loss and grief, one can be led to uncover and integrate unknown but vital facets of the Self, which may be healing. In the act of forgetting and remembering, one gains new awareness that propagates another state of mind, body, and soul.
This notion is introduced by exploring ADC, a universal phenomenon, from various perspectives. The intention of this theoretical paper is threefold: to uncover ADC's mystery and to emphasize its validity, to attain a deeper insight into human's abilities to access different levels of reality through their perceptions, and to propose a theoretical perspective and examine supplementary information about the process of psychologizing, individuation, and healing.
With advancements in physics, psychology, and medicine, researchers and theorists are able to provide more comprehensive answers to questions that had originated centuries ago. As exciting as these developments are, they require empirical study to verify the theories and offer more comprehensive and ethically appropriate explanations to this spiritual phenomenon. Further in-depth exploration of the ADCs may enable psychologists to assist their clients in coping with loss and grief issues more effectively.

This study examines, via a heuristic methodology, the author’s lived experience of creating a program for students with High Functioning Autism (HFA) in the Los Angeles Unified School District at Paul Revere Middle School in Pacific Palisades. The program has woven educational best practices and the author’s experiences in two decades of teaching together with techniques adapted from of her personal experiences in shamanic spiritual practice in an effort to mitigate the typical deficits of this population such as high anxiety. The author’s 10 years of developing this program along with the personal and professional antecedents that lead to its creation are documented in an effort to explore the lived experience of using the shamanic practice of power animals to improve communication with psyche, lower anxiety, facilitate better perspective-taking skills, and increase executive functioning for students with HFA.

This alchemical hermeneutical study analyzes Cormac McCarthy's (2005) novel, No Country for Old Men, as a cultural dream using Jungian and post-Jungian theory. Carl Jung regarded the artist as a collective human being and great works of art as dreams of the collective culture that perform a compensatory function in society and carry teleological implications. McCarthy's work elucidates the archetypal process of individuation toward the mature masculine in our time in the context of a rapidly changing environment and a deteriorating natural world. Following McCarthy‟s imagery and James Hillman's work, I focus on the split in the senex-puer archetype that structures the masculine psyche as the ultimate psychological site of our cultural dissociation. I also examine the teleological implications in the novel regarding the evolution of the God-image, which reflects man's understanding of the objective psyche, as well as the nature and psychological function of human evil.

Ancient artifacts indicate that from the beginning of human history we have felt a need to have our stories witnessed. Early people painted on cave walls, told stories, and marked their bodies. Modern people create performance art, write blogs, poetry, and memoirs, share photographs, and still mark their bodies. While not all body modification is done with this intent, some people choose to use tattoos as a way to ritualize and commemorate life events. In doing so they follow in the footsteps of many others, across time and across the globe, who used their bodies as the canvas for their personal or tribal narrative. Utilizing organic inquiry methodology, this thesis considers the historic role of tattoos in rites of passage, empirical studies of tattoos, first-hand accounts of tattoos and their meaning, analyses of initiation and the body in the literature of depth psychology, and the author’s personal experience.

From a depth-psychological perspective, archetypes of the collective unconscious can be found among all people at all times in a variety of manifestations. Consequently, any attempt to investigate and describe a particular archetype requires a broad examination. In this heuristic study, I will attempt to demonstrate the way in which a proposed ass-queen/goddess archetype manifests dramatically in William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream; ritually, in the medieval fool-tradition; historically, in the life of Queen Elizabeth I; metaphorically, in the practice of alchemy; mythologically, in the story of Egyptian trickster, Seth; artistically, in the visual arts; linguistically, in the word-formation “alpha-sigma-sigma”; botanically, in the morphology of a flower; and psychologically, in the posttraumatic writings of Irish author Samuel Beckett. My examination of Beckett will focus on the way in which familiarity with the ass archetype may be useful in the interpretation and understanding of dreams, visions, and imaginal creations presented by clients in the practice of therapy. This thesis presents an introductory study of archetypal themes related to the ass.

Having worked with individuals suffering from eating disorders, I began to wonder what the psyche of a person with this affliction might look like. Could it be represented in a tangible form? Using a heuristic/artistic-creative methodological research approach, I went back to my personal journals, dreams, and artwork from the time I suffered from bulimia. I searched for recurring images from my own psyche that reflected the distorted relationship between persona, shadow, and Self. The inspiration for the costume design to create an imaginal representation of the psyche originated from a client, who made a remark in appreciation of the way a costume could make a statement about the inner world of a character in a play. This brought me to imagine an eating disorder as a character in a play. The exterior would exhibit the persona of perfection, but the interior world would contain the shadow with all of its conflicts and sorrows.

Americans enjoy a standard of living that affords most people a safe place to call home, adequate transportation, as well as cheap, readily available food. Unfortunately, the very things that have made America a robust nation have also led to the current obesity epidemic. Utilizing hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies, this thesis considers empirical data on the current obesity epidemic and asks, how can depth psychology and self psychology help individuals find their way back to health? The study includes personal stories and experiences of people adversely affected by obesity, as well as the author’s individual observations pertaining to her own struggle with disordered eating. As a supplement to this study, a self-help booklet was created, designed to encourage and foster mindful, healthy eating and physical fitness. The booklet is intended for those who wish to gain better control over their mind-body connection and improve their relationship with food.

The developmental transition from child to adolescent is a period of significant inner transformation for a female. Guidance, support, and mentorship from other women can serve to facilitate this transition and offer a model for conscious femininity to support her emergent self-concept and offer an experience of initiation. Throughout history and across cultures, rites-of-passage rituals have assisted individuals transitioning between developmental levels to incorporate a new self-identity. Contemporary Western society lacks meaningful rites-of-passage rituals for females, which can result in unconscious, often traumatic acts of self-initiation or psychologically incomplete transitions. This thesis, utilizing hermeneutic and artistic-creative methodologies, proposes a 6-week workshop for mothers and daughters and explores what information, support, and experiences a rites-of-passage program can incorporate to assist in her psychological transition. Specific attention is paid to the structure and content of the workshop in order to provide an experience of containment, support, and mentorship.

American culture is increasingly characterized by pathological narcissism. This development is driven by and reflected in the idealization of individualism, image, and celebrity by free market consumer-capitalism. This theoretical thesis investigates narcissistic traits in the American institutions of family, religion, government, and the corporation. It emerges from the literature that each one has been increasingly predicated on relationships where the primary focus is the power to manipulate other people to fulfill one's own needs and wishes, and in which there is a greater demand for personal independence without emotional reliance on others. Enabled by government and religion, the corporation now dominates and controls American culture through the power of money and media technology. Overarching and framing the culture is the narcissistic craving to consume, resulting in collective addictions to food, drugs, alcohol, gambling, sex, spending, debt, and energy. Personal physical consequences include obesity, diabetes, disease, and financial ruin; with the psychological consequences resulting in depression, anxiety, isolation, and alienation.

The overlapping fields of attachment theory and interpersonal neurobiology
provide ample evidence that our earliest relationships have a profound impact on our
attachment behaviors and attitudes throughout the life span. For caregivers who have
developed dissociative coping strategies as a result of trauma, the attuned, affectregulating
connection necessary for secure attachment is often impossible. Dissociative
parents demonstrate behaviors perceived by the infant as frightened or frightening,
thereby creating in the infant the intolerable paradox of seeking comfort from the source
of its distress. Repeated over time, this “fright without solution” results in an attachment
strategy that is disorganized/disoriented, and prone to organizational collapse.
Disorganized attachment can in turn lead to psychopathology in middle childhood,
adolescence, and adulthood. Using qualitative, heuristic methodology, this thesis
examines the impact of dissociative mothering on my own experience of attachment, as
well as the impact of relational trauma on my subsequent psychopathology and treatment.

This thesis is a journey through the issue of repressed femininity. A variety of qualitative research methodologies including traditional hermeneutics, alchemical hermeneutics, heuristic, and organic inquiry are used to explore how the patriarchal society influences women to exile their feminine nature and adopt a more masculine persona in order to find acceptance and success in the world. Common themes found in the process of reclaiming and integrating the repressed feminine archetype are identified. This study is a quest to reclaim and integrate the repressed feminine back into consciousness through a review of relevant literature, a consideration of the traditional rites of passage found in mythology, and an examination of the authors lived experience as compared to the fairytale The Handless Maiden.

This thesis identifies and explores the dual functions of feminism: the role that it plays in our society and the function that it serves for the individual woman. While feminism challenges the aggression that could lead our world to a perilous end, so it functions to challenge the individual woman to find her true nature. Thus feminism is housed within the desire and ability of our collective unconscious to maintain equilibrium in our world, while also functioning to help the individual woman find and maintain her equilibrium as she individuates from a culture steeped in patriarchal hierarchy. Utilizing theoretical methodology this thesis explores various facets of feminism through research of feminist history, goddess worship, and patriarchy. Through research based on theories of development, initiation, and individuation, this thesis explores the various meanings feminism holds for the individual woman. 
From a personal perspective, this thesis considers how the feminist movement of the 1960s and '70s affected inter-generational relationships between mothers who subscribed to strict feminine gender roles and their daughters who rebelled against them. It explores the idea that our culture no longer has formal initiation rites and how this feminist movement functioned as an adolescent initiation rite for me. It also explores how the feminist movement helped me individuate from my cultural ancestry and from my mother, who unquestioningly subscribed to the patriarchal definitions of femininity. 
Whereas feminism supported my individuation it likewise functioned as a defensive structure, which I now have ongoing opportunities to examine during the transference countertransference process making the practice of depth psychology a reciprocal endeavor. 
* The electronic copy of this thesis is on a disc containing a single PDF file, which can be opened with Adobe Acrobat Reader.

This thesis is an archetypal interpretation of blues music as a cultural and individual expression born out of the dehumanizing traumas of slavery and its aftermath. Utilizing the hermeneutic method, the author examines how the blues as an indigenous and original music of the United States maintains global appeal with a resilient and persistent connection to suffering while paradoxically inviting one to experience its beauty as a musical genre. The trauma and aftermath of slavery is linked to the mortality and finitude of all human beings as an existential dilemma of life and death that has clinical implications. The blues as a healing function is examined through the lens of depth psychology and the collective schema of archetype, instinct, the trickster, the transcendent function, creativity, and the soul. The author includes his own experience as a musician to amplify these archetypal implications

Ecopsychology is an approach that blends and extends both psychology and ecology, redefining psychology to include intrapsychic phenomena and social relations as well as stressing the relationship of humans to other species and ecosystems. Ecopsychology emphasizes the interdependence of all life on the planet, highlighting how a psychic disconnect from the earth contributes to planetary peril and increased psychological suffering. The field promotes insight into the narratives, images, and unconscious foundations that underlie the worldview of industrialized societies, encouraging behavioral change based on this understanding. Employing a heuristic research methodology, the author explores how an ecopsychological orientation might be developed over the course of an individual life and the impact that such a perspective may have on the quality of that life. An account of the author’s experience demonstrates how a furthering of ecopsychological consciousness enlivens a natural sense of responsibility towards self, other, and the earth that favors sustainability.

In May of 2007, I acted as the visiting curator for the University of California, Santa Barbara Women's Center Art Gallery and collected art pieces from women who were survivors of childhood sexual abuse.  The exhibit was called //Courageous Recollections: Creative Works by Women Who Have Remembered Their Sexual Abuse//. I submitted two pieces for the art exhibit that captured my experience as a survivor of childhood sexual abuse.  

This is a production thesis using artistic-creative methodology that explores how image speaks on behalf of those silenced by childhood sexual abuse and the importance of recovering this voice in the healing process.  My hope is that this thesis will be useful for psychotherapists working with survivors of childhood sexual abuse and provide greater understanding of the inner world of the wounded. 

This thesis provides a reasonable justification for the use of imagination, dream work, and archetypal themes in the treatment and recovery from the traumatic experience of childhood sexual abuse.  Utilizing a depth psychological therapeutic perspective significantly contributes to the survivor's healing journey by evoking the innate healing potential through creative expression.

This thesis explores the impact of archetypal psychology and ecopsychology in case formulation, the therapeutic interview, and diagnostic impressions. Through implementing a hermeneutic methodology, a manner in which therapists can conceptualize treatment informed by archetypal and ecopsychological sensibilities is circumambulated. Archetypal psychology and ecopsychology differ from traditional psychologies in their inclusivity of the world in therapeutic practice. Archetypal psychology turns toward the Neoplatonic idea of the world soul, whereas ecopsychology turns toward the individual’s relationship to a world in crisis. In turning to the world, pathologizing is adapted and contextualized in a broader arena. Drawing upon archetypal, ecopsychological, psychodynamic, and Jungian literature—clinical impressions are crossexamined through psychodynamic, archetypal, and ecopsychological case formulations.

Individuation is a theory of C.G. Jung’s that describes the individual psyche’s
evolution into a more complete version of itself. While individuation is a process that
envelops the psyche as a whole, I have found it valuable to separate spiritual
individuation as a singular process that develops in a pattern throughout life, much like
cognition or attachment.

I have delineated five stages in the process towards spiritual individuation, using a
heuristic method, to define and give meaning to an individual’s experience on this
journey. In addition, by highlighting spiritual development, I hope to identify an often
overlooked aspect of human nature that cries out for attention and recognition in many
who seek help in a psychotherapeutic setting.

Although Jungian concepts have been used in various playful contexts, to date a board game for use in a therapeutic setting employing Jungian archetypes to promote self-analysis, insight, and communication between participants has not been attempted. Using an artistic-creative methodology and the principles of Jungian psychology, this production thesis presents a game called Archetypion in which players assume the mantle of an archetypal character in order to access, understand, and express unconscious aspects of personality. Applying both game theory and depth psychology to its development, the goal of Archetypion is to offer the framework of the game board and its rules as a sacred space and safe container that invites contact with and expression of unconscious perspectives through imaginative experimentation, broadening the personality and opening communication. Within the context of therapy, Archetypion is intended to be a unique avenue for engaging children, adolescents, and adults in individual and interpersonal growth.

The thesis employs hermeneutic, heuristic, and artistic-creative methodologies to examine how unconscious aspects form mandalas and how mandalas are used as tools for a deeper understanding of the uncharted waters in the unconscious. This production thesis will reference a mandala the author created. The design and creation process of the mandala will be used to parallel the Jungian concepts of individuation, alchemy, and the initiation process of the Hero's journey. The transcendent function, the Self, the anima and animus, and other archetypes, such as the shaman, the hero, and the mother, will also be addressed. Gazing at this process through a depth psychological lens, this thesis will conclude by metaphorically comparing the psychotherapist to a modern-day shaman archetype. Clinical examples of how a psychotherapist could guide a client through a metaphoric shamanic initiation and how to use shamanic mandalas for a client's healing process will be discussed.

Depth psychotherapy is an important resource for individuals with chronic illness. Patients channel vast amounts of energy into comprehending the ramifications of illness, learning the language of Western medicine, and struggling in a culture that does not support—and often denies—the ill side of life. This thesis will utilize heuristic and hermeneutic research methods to explore depth psychotherapy as a healing resource for clients living with the trauma of chronic illness. It will examine the history of Multiple Sclerosis and briefly review the Western medical and depth psychological treatment models. Illness and healing mythology from ancient civilization and metaphors from the Renaissance and contemporary eras will provide a bounty of imagery that underscores the potential for psychological transformation in illness. The author’s personal experience of illness in the context of the biblical //Book of Job// will provide subjective insight and qualitative research that supports the thesis’ intent.

Quarterlife today resembles the period of midlife half a century ago. With the
widespread changes in demographics of education and marriage, the stages of life, as
outlined by Carl G. Jung (trans. 1933), no longer abide by the paradigm of stability in the
first half of life and the search for meaning in the second. Afforded the time for selfexploration,
individuals in the first half of life are increasingly placing their attention on
uncovering their life’s purpose and making meaning. This thesis holds that the path of
individuation, defined by Jung as a life influenced and shaped by ego’s relationship with
Self, is available much earlier in life than classically believed. Utilizing hermeneutic
research, this thesis proposes a theoretical model for understanding ego development as it
continues throughout the first half of life, as well as ego’s relationship to the archetype of
Self. The journey of individuation requires an often painful initiation of ego to bring it
into contact with Self, as well as a periods of recovery and rebirth. Such an inner journey
cradles the potential for a transformative life for each individual, just as it once did at
midlife, but now not after life decisions have been firmly rooted for years, but at the start
of adult life, when primary decisions about career, community and family are still being
made. For individuals in the first half of life who have the ego-strength necessary for the
transforming journey, the path of individuation beckons.

The archetype of initiation represents a powerful and essential component for the adolescent transitioning into adulthood. Depth psychological literature on the adolescent psyche suggests that youth are drawn to death imagery to satisfy their needs for archetypal transformation in this purgatorial stage of development. In contemporary American society, many adults have neglected to create a modern, formal rite of initiation for adolescents. Youth have resorted to creating their own life-threatening initiatory rites of passage that encompass many of the elements of primitive initiation rites by recapitulating a symbolic death and rebirth. Through a review of the current research and  a heuristic examination of the author’s own journals from adolescence, there is clear evidence that postmodern American society must reinstate a contemporary rite of passage to alleviate the paradoxical tensions of the adolescent stage of development. Psychotherapists, parents, and even the school systems are well-poised to provide initiatory rituals to adolescents.

The United States is a country with a large immigrant population. This thesis explores the psychological impact of immigration on the immigrant population using an alchemical hermeneutic methodology. Psychoanalytical constructs and theory related to immigration and trauma are used to analyze the author’s experience as a Brazilian immigrant to the United States. This thesis explores how acculturative stress, combined with grief and loss, leads to object separation, self-splitting, loss of identity, and melancholia. Through the author’s examination of her own experience, it also demonstrates the formation, against the traumatizing stress of acculturation, of defense mechanisms in which the personality can end up trapped. Applications to clinical practice with clients who are immigrants are discussed. This thesis illustrates how providing a better understanding of the process of immigration can be a tool that helps immigrants achieve healthier acculturation.

My mother died and I began writing a memoir about moving into her home with all her belongings and attempting to make it my own. Utilizing creative and heuristic methodology, I slowly realized the imaginal components to my grieving as well as the healing effect it was having on me. Mourning my mother caused me to mourn my identity—professionally, personally, and emotionally. It put me on the path, that continues past this thesis, of reconstructing myself and my mother as well as knowing her more intimately than I ever could when she was alive. Conversations with the dead, their belongings, and our own memories of them come alive in Technicolor through the imaginal processes of truly felt grief. This thesis is a window into my process of grieving imaginally and thus healing the soul in a holistic way through the art of crafting memoir. As practitioners of depth psychology, with our own self-knowledge and experience, we can guide people to a place of deeper knowing through their own stories and personal myths, while accompanying grief forward on its journey.

From a depth psychological perspective, this thesis examines the historical context of body modification and the trend of increased piercing and tattoos currently witnessed within modem Western culture. Utilizing a combination of qualitative research methodologies, including heuristic, traditional hermeneutic, alchemical hermeneutic, and organic inquiry, this thesis is an academic exploration on the topic of body modification as a means to express and heal the wounds of the psyche as well as a personal exploration of the lived experience of a family's journey through grief and loss. Investigation of the rituals and rites of passage experienced by a unique grouping of modified others reflects how body modification can be used as a tool for healing, individuation, and transformation.

Psychotherapy can be a highly effective tool in treating emotional suffering, but exploring the unconscious and treating the psyche for trauma is not an easy task. Traditional “talk therapy” can be expensive and time-consuming, and its effectiveness is difficult to measure. Using hermeneutic and heuristic methodology, this thesis explores the possible benefits of using ayahausca, a psychoactive brew used by indigenous cultures through Central and South America, as an adjunct to traditional psychotherapy. An in-depth examination of the plant’s use details scientific research on ayahausca’s effectiveness as a tool for deeper psychological healing. The author’s own experiences and those of others she witnessed who were participating in South American ayahausca ceremonies are documented. Finally, the author explores the legal and ethical challenges of using ayahausca as an adjunct to traditional psychotherapy and makes recommendations for further research.

In modern society, disconnection is prevalent, takes many forms, and exists at different levels of our experience—disconnection of self from others, of mind from body, of psyche from soul, of ego from self, and of conscious from unconscious. Using heuristic and alchemical hermeneutic methodologies, the author explores the experience of disconnection: its different forms, its etiology, its purpose, its impact on the self and psychological development, and the ways in which transformation and psychological growth might develop from the experience. From a depth psychological perspective, the author weaves personal experience within a deeper exploration of the theoretical understandings of disconnection, healing, and psychological development. The mandala is explored as a specific image of wholeness and reintegration of self.

Using theories of human development, this thesis assesses the efficacy of short term residential treatment centers and contemporary rite-of-passage programs for adolescents in transition towards adulthood. Jungian concepts, such as individuation, shadow, and persona, are also applied to understand further the needs of this population. Employing a heuristic methodology, the research finds that the dominant system for treating adolescents, largely adopted from treatments designed for adults, does not provide that which is necessary for adolescents to move forward toward healthy adulthood. Alternative programs, which adopt structures from premodern rites-of passage, were found to contain many of the necessary factors for encouraging healthy development for adolescents. Examples from the author’s personal and clinical experiences within these two types of programs serve to illustrate their contrasts.

Going beyond following reasonable rules for conduct in a divorce with children, the self-awareness needed to coparent effectively is seen as a means for psychological growth that serves the parents and the children. Using an alchemical hermeneutic approach to dialogue between the Self and ego, the author recounts life experiences and dreams that led her through an exploration of the thesis question: What process would support the expansion of awareness such that it would outweigh the loss of divorce, leaving all family members in a better place? A review of psychological and neuroscience literature reinforces the dangers of divorce for children in the current cultural climate and the necessity of protecting the primary attachments of the child to the parents. With these concerns in the forefront, tools are developed from a depth psychological perspective to support parents in constructing a divorce process that leaves all members of the family whole.

This thesis is a theoretical work utilizing hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies. I assessed the various theories on dream interpretation and posited my own understanding of these as insights into the purpose, nature, and the function of the dream. My process of data gathering consisted only of recording my own dreams in a journal. The interpretations I derived from these dreams were the result of my own research into the symbolic meanings of motifs and images.
Dreams are experiences having the same effect on the psyche and on the soma as waking-life experiences. But dreams have the added advantage that much of what one experiences in a dream would be impossible to experience in life. This is important for two reasons: (1) Our perspectives are shaped by experience. (2) The scope of our consciousness is determined by it. In essence, dreams, like waking experiences, transform, restore, and create perspectives. They, create dialectical moments in which contradictions are challenged and in which paradoxes are revealed. The dreamer can best assist in this process by developing a sense for dream attunement, which is the means by which we can most fully appreciate and make conscious the dream.

Children often bemoan having to wait to grow up, and at some point adults begin to dig in their heels and attempt to freeze the aging process. In American culture there is an unattainable ideal and profitable industry dedicated to anti-aging. What if aging were not seen as a villain but as a wise teacher? What might a pro-aging perspective look like? Could suffering be alleviated through cultivation of eldership rather than resistance? Many are attempting to cure aging and its accompanying changes. Using an alchemical hermeneutic method, this thesis explores aging through a depth psychological lens, offering a surprisingly rare perspective of aging as an inevitable and an embrace-worthy aspect of living. The PLAY method, introduced in this thesis, is a tool to bring a depth perspective to the elder boom.

This thesis examines destiny as it is played out in archetype and complex. Utilizing a hermeneutic methodology, it uses the work of James Hillman, The Soul's Code, as a starting point for the discussion of the origins of one's destiny and purpose in life. It both supports and critically examines Hillmans' acorn theory and looks at the classical Greek concept of the daimon as well as the Christian concept of charisms.
It finds that the contribution of Christianity on this topic has been dismissed by Hillman and it draws upon the work of other authors in the field of psychology to support the role religion plays in destiny. It also looks at the archetypes, the manifestations of psychological forces alive in what Carl G. Jung termed the collective unconscious. It posits how these archetypal forces might be the basis for the intervention of the power of the divine in our lives and in finding one's life purpose. In looking at this, it explores the feminine qualities of the yin in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang.
It also attempts to consider the role of the natural world in one's personal search for meaning in life using a heuristic methodology. On this point, it poses more questions than it answers, identifying this as a subject matter worthy of further research and reflection: how is one's purpose in life connected to one's community and beyond to one's environment.

This production thesis explores the contribution imaginal psychology can make toward raising individual and collective evolutionary consciousness regarding humanity's relationship to the biosphere. Many traditional developmental psychology theories stress the relationship of caregiver and child, ignoring the most fundamental relationship between a human being and its primary provider, the earth. Imaginal psychology emphasizes not only that individuals have souls but also that the world has a soul, which communicates through the imaginal realm, making unconscious material more readily available to the individual and collective psyche. Working with the imaginal realm as an adjunct to traditional therapy is proposed as an effective tool in understanding one's connection to the biosphere, thereby facilitating healing as one's awareness evolves from an anthropocentricism toward ecocentrism. The author's alchemical hermeneutic investigation includes her own experiences of engagement with the imaginal realm, and she provides the example of an imaginal visual tool to advance ecocentric awareness.

Far too little attention is paid to the circumstances and intentions impelling violent acts, less still to any possible beneficial outcomes of those acts. Yet history and myth are filled with examples of brave figures unafraid to take action in order to prevent greater calamity and protect what was precious to them. In some situations, violent action may be the only moral option. This realization compels an unblinking examination of many aspects of the motivation for violent action typically quarantined in the shadow realms of the personal unconscious. This process of taking in the full spectrum of our human nature, though potentially frightening, promises to yield rich fruit. Not only does it afford us greater behavioral flexibility, it imbues us with a greater understanding and more nuanced appreciation of the behaviors and motives of human beings. 
The heuristic method is used to explore the varied meanings and situational morality ascribed to violence and passivity from historical, ethical, psychological, and mythological viewpoints. The healing power of the more nuanced and open view proffered by this thesis is considered in clinical and other contexts. 
* The electronic copy of this thesis is on a disc containing a single PDF file, which can be opened with Adobe Acrobat Reader.

The prevalence of cult-like groups has increased steadily in recent years. There has been increasing attention to this issue by many researchers in the field of psychology and by writers in the popular press. A body of knowledge has been emerging examining the cult phenomenon and elucidating the various ways that cults operate.
This paper explores several factors which contribute to the individual's choice to become involved with a cult. These factors include personal developmental issues, familial issues, and societal conditioning. The author provides a self case study of her own family and cult experience, along with a series of songs written while in various stages of cult involvement.

Comic book superheroes arose in industrialized America as 20th-century iterations of Carl Jung’s archetypes, replete with Joseph Campbell’s monomythic stories that echoed those of the halcyon gods of the past. Like America, Superman and the other superheroes successfully represented our idyllic persona selves and they projected their shadow side upon externalized “evil” forces. By the 1960s, a great shifting occurred when Marvel Comics introduced three-dimensional heroes seeking individuation, but beset with tragic Achilles’ heels of anxiety and tragic emotional wounds. Using a heuristic approach, this thesis will study from a depth perspective how Spider-Man, The Fantastic Four, The X-Men, and the pantheon of Marvel Heroes reflected the pathology of the American culture of the 1960s, as it wrestled with its own wounds—such as racism, poverty, the generation gap, and the Vietnam war—and the zeitgeist of a polarized society craving wholeness and integration.

This thesis examines child abuse in males and the fact that this is underreported and understudied. This paper explores effective therapeutic practices for young males recovering from child abuse. It suggests that trauma-informed art therapy and expressive arts therapy are two of the most effective therapeutic interventions a clinician can use when working with young males of abuse. For instance, clinicians can help young males in therapy understand, process, and heal from traumatic events. The focus is on the need for these young males to be better served by using a combination of archetypal psychology and trauma psychology, both areas of depth psychology. Using hermeneutic, heuristic, and artistic-creative production methodologies, the research in both areas applies theoretical perspectives from psychological fields of childhood trauma. The research in this thesis indicates that a combination of archetypal and trauma psychology helps in understanding the healing process from traumatic events.

The high relapse rate of addicts raises questions regarding the current disease model of addiction and its possible treatments. A hermeneutic study of the history of the conceptualization and treatment of addiction puts into perspective the current state of research. This thesis offers an alternative definition of addiction, addicts, and success, and proposes structuring treatment settings and modalities based on Rogerian principles. This approach, rooted in empathy, genuineness, and acceptance would help shift the locus of power back to the client, allowing for a more encompassing definition of recovery, and a stronger therapeutic bond.

Carl Jung and other depth psychologists have written much about the application
of alchemical imagery and metaphors to psychology; however, those images and
metaphors were created not through discussion but by alchemists working in laboratories.
This study documents the author’s investigation of the psychological meaning of
alchemical images and metaphors through his attempt to recreate traditional alchemical
laboratory experiences.

The research approach was a combination of Clark Moustakas’s heuristic method
and Robert Romanyshyn’s alchemical hermeneutic method. Dialog was created between
the author’s experiences in the laboratory, insights gained from active imagination,
readings from ancient alchemists and modern psychologists, and clinical experiences and
is analyzed from a depth psychological orientation.

Insights into the alchemical operations of mortificatio and solutio and the
regulation of heat as metaphors for psychotherapy are presented along with clinical
implications regarding the therapeutic alliance, initial stages of the therapeutic process,
and the qualities of an effective therapist.

How do we know the things we know? It is hard to be certain of anything and there are many ways to be fooled. Taking a theoretical approach, this thesis examines the ways in which erroneous beliefs are formed and maintained, and the dangers of acting from unquestioned assumptions. 
Using the ideologies of Mahatma Gandhi and Mother Teresa as illustrative case studies, the stance of negative capabilitythe ability to tolerate ambiguity, is contrasted with rigidity and absolutism&mdash;the need for certainty. Skepticism and critical thinking are offered as tools to counteract our fallible and error-prone cognitive processes. 
But logic and reason alone are not enough when grappling for solutions to life's complex, messy problems. As stewards of life on this planet, our future depends upon an ability to think critically and feel deeply, on a refinement of both the thinking and feeling functions. As a group case study, the rift between science and the soul in the field of depth psychology is explored and the dangers of one-sidedness discussed. Possibilities for rapprochement and implications for clinical practice are presented.

This study explores depth-psychological methods for relating to and playing with
images using the horse as an example. As a production thesis utilizing artistic-creative
methodology, the discussion of theories is accompanied by their creative application
toward original painting and writing. Heuristic and alchemical hermeneutic
methodologies are used to integrate depth-psychological, poetically-inspired, and
imaginally-based research. The term image is interpreted broadly to include visual,
verbal, auditory, kinesthetic, olfactory, intuitive, and emotional phenomena - prima
materia as Carl G. Jung called it. Inspired by James Hillman’s ideas, the thesis models
the encouragement, nourishment, and engagement of imagination. A developed
imagination is a human faculty that can birth new insights, stories, and images. The
cultivation of innovative ways of seeing, hearing, and telling applies directly to a
psychotherapy that wants to help a client and a culture move out of painful, unhealthy, or
stagnant ways of functioning toward feelings of joy and fulfillment.

Therapists may reach plateaus with certain clients. Sometimes plateaus indicate self-protective defenses against trauma that do not seem amenable to change. In other cases, people in need of transformation may not be best helped by ongoing therapy. In order to address these and other life transitional challenges, an intensive, wide-spectrum relational therapeutic process known as STAR may be valuable. STAR appears to offer a healing, educational environment where the traumatized center of the Self may be gently accessed, repaired, and continually supported. This thesis is a phenomenological and theoretical inquiry exploring the elements enabling STAR to facilitate emergence from crisis and equip people to live more fulfilling lives. It also explores STAR as a warm, heart-centered alternative to the disempowering tradition of psychopathology. Seeking the meaning hidden in symptoms and life crises is encouraged by the STAR process. The program acknowledges that unresolved traumatic experiences can predispose people to further trauma, as well as the underreported phenomenon of sanctuary trauma at the hands of helping professionals. The STAR process offers a trauma-sensitive temenos or sacred renewal site &mdash; capable of averting, or even repairing, sanctuary trauma. It appears to act to enable people to support their own healing, and to contribute to the healing of society, by offering a ritual initiation into emotional adulthood.

Humans often get wrapped up with the activities of daily living and forget to honor the connection with psyche, possibly resulting in personal shame for having sexual needs and desires. Various reports state that both women and men often lack sexual intimacy and are dissatisfied with their sex lives, while others report feeling blue after sex. Moreover, findings show that sexual intimacy is an important aspect of one’s human experience and neglecting it can damage not only one’s physical and emotional being but also one’s psyche. Through an alchemical hermeneutic approach, this thesis aims to examine how tending to the connection between psyche and sex may enhance one’s short- and long term sexual experience. Evidence suggests a complete appreciation of life includes the appreciation of sexual intimacy.

This thesis employs alchemical hermeneutic methodology to explore the relationship between shame, sexuality, and body image in the personal and collective unconscious in American society. The symbols and archetypes in the myths of Adam and Eve and The Fall are explored in relation to the guiding ideas and dominant American culture, which manifests shame about sexuality and body image. People who seek therapy often feel shame, consciously or unconsciously, and are unable to discuss it. When clinicians have an understanding of shame, including their own, they can serve clients better in processing this difficult emotion. Using a depth psychological approach, clinicians can refer to the influence of biblical stories to help people normalize their shameful emotions and their experience of sexuality.

This thesis utilizes hermeneutic methodology to explore how a culture that promotes weight-centered approaches to dieting has not been effective in improving the mental health of the chronic dieter. An understanding of how the chronic dieter becomes trapped in cycles of dieting is explained by a critique of the cultural attitudes toward women that produce internalization of a thin body ideal, resulting in body dissatisfaction, which leads to eating pathologies. This trap and the lack of focus on underlying issues leave the chronic dieter without the necessary tools to stop the perpetual cycle of dieting. By incorporating a feminist critique and sensibility with depth psychological and Jungian concepts, the symptoms associated with chronic dieting can be illuminated, thereby improving the success of treatment.

This heuristic study addresses the role addiction plays as a preparatory experience for traumatized individuals in the process of fmding vocation. The thesis presents a framework through which clients may be able to discover their own archetypal patterns through tracking inner dreams, fantasies, and processes in conjunction with outer events, people, and places. Introducing the archetypal level in this exploration of addiction related to synchronicity as a therapeutic vehicle informs psychotherapists who seek a way of helping a client in recovery.

The hermeneutic and heuristic research in this thesis explores the psychological meaning and function of surrender from the perspective of a transformative process for ego development. Drawing on Jungian theory that understands alchemy as a metaphor for psychological growth, the author examines the role of surrender in the various alchemical operations and stages. She then applies the theory of alchemy as it relates surrender to an analysis of the transformative nature of her experiences with vipassana meditation, death and mourning, and traveling abroad. In the process she offers insights that distinguish surrender as forming the psychological container for descent into the unconscious, holding the tension of opposing elements in the psyche, and creating the space for new possibilities through contact with the transcendent Self.

While the creative arts have been established as beneficial therapeutic tools in counseling, the field of expressive arts therapy (also known as creative arts therapy) is still relatively new and begs for more exploration and research. This thesis uses expressive arts therapy in conjunction with archetypes (in particularly, the Trickster, the Hero, and the Shadow) for helping clients to integrate the repressed parts of the psyche and bridge the sacred and mundane. Through the works of established pioneers in counseling psychology, expressive arts therapy, and mythology, as well as the author's own experience and artwork, the author uses artistic/creative methodology to explore how intermodal expressive arts therapy can assist clients in healing their psyches, fulfilling the need to tend to the soul and express their inner realities.

The language of psyche speaks through the symptoms it presents. These
symptoms can appear in the psychological and the physical realm. There is a need for
therapists and clients to become reacquainted with their bodies and the role their bodies
play in healing and growth. By disregarding the flesh, the Western world has become
disassociated from their connection to the world and themselves. The gap between the
physical and the mental gives rise to symptoms ranging from anxiety to chronic muscular
pains. These symptoms are manifestations of the soul's calling toward wellness.
Grounded in the theory of somatic psychology, this production thesis utilizes artistic-creative
methodology to explore the body's calling toward wellness by meditating with
the powerful language of body. Through prose and imagery the body is given permission
to speak its story. This thesis serves as a personal example of how to explore one’s own
body and re-inhabit the house of one’s soul.

Awareness of the multiple facets of the archetypal figure of Medusa arose from
research into both her myth and the art created about her. Through a creative exploration
of these aspects, using the artistic-creative research methodology, there developed a new
version of the Medusa myth, a version which told her story in her own words, a story
which encompassed each of her various aspects, both good and bad. This tale, Memoirs
of Medusa, can be utilized for bibliotherapy with adolescent clients, as it addresses many
of the painful and confusing aspects of adolescence, such as anger, depression, selfmutilation,
abuse, and search for identity. Medusa also represents the aspects of being
both a victim and a perpetrator of sexual abuse. When Memoirs of Medusa is used, in
addition to another modality of therapy, this can be an effective way of establishing trust
and creating a healing therapeutic experience for adolescents.

This thesis provides a history of the dominant conception of time as linear and the development of various time-keeping technologies. It also considers alternative temporal perspectives on time and the psychological effects of these conflicting temporal paradigms. The author utilized a mixed-methods approach to the research, blending alchemical hermeneutics, heuristic, and intuitive inquiry methodologies. The thesis includes research on the state of timelessness and nonordinary reality as accessed through dreams, trauma, and near death experiences as well as other phenomena that contradict the dominant conception of time. The author proposes the therapeutic value of the experience of timelessness, oneness, and feminist approach to therapy, which emphasizes qualities of receptivity, being, acceptance, and a state of not-knowing.

Utilizing a heuristic methodology, this thesis examines the relationship of the Self with the Other in terms of the daily struggles of refugee children who are living in a protracted state of political conflict in the Occupied Territories of Gaza and the West Bank. This inquiry was framed by drawing on the postcolonial philosophy of Gayatri Spivak. Others are thus identified by their difference from the center. The archetype of the scapegoat is explored briefly to show how its Hebrew cultural underpinnings are foundational to othering. Storytelling is introduced as a method of psychological healing, first in terms of peace building between cultures and last as creative expression for the healing of trauma. In examining the relationship of Self and Other, this thesis explores the experience of children growing up under the oppression of military occupation, and the consequences for their daily life, family relationships, and their behavioral patterns.

This thesis has used both the heuristic and phenomenological methodologies to come to some possible conclusions regarding the state of Western psychotherapy, and how it may need to operate for the future generations. I have intertwined my own experience over the last decade with research on various healing modalities in an effort to better understand psyche and the healing of the soul. I have also have been honored to include interviews from four practitioners and garnished this thesis with their perspectives on what healing may be. Summarily, I have found healing is indeed is a connection to spirit; and the journey to make that connection starts with a single step towards believing in yourself and working with all energy that surrounds you in life. This energetic connection can be viewed from nature, dreams, dancing, somatic experiences, art, and most often not from the western idea of mind.

The making of art can transform the psyche and propel it on a journey of Self discovery. This thesis explores how the process of art can be used to investigate the world of the unconscious, and how it can become a tool for individuation.
The author describes his own psychic journey during the creation of a large stone boat, which became the vessel to hold 42 stones; each stone was chosen by one of his classmates at Pacifica Graduate Institute to represent him or her. This account investigates the parallel process of psychotherapy and the making of art (or art making) as manifested in the Stone Boat.

The transcendent experience is a phenomenon that has long been studied and explored. First providing analysis of its researched content, triggers, and potential meaning, this thesis presents an alternative approach that examines the extent to which the transcendent experience is actually the invocation of an individual’s unconscious. The author presents aerobic green exercise, or aerobic exercise within nature and the natural world, as a potential trigger for the transcendent experience, and investigates the concept of the runner’s high as an expression of the transcendent experience. Through the author’s personal examination, the methods of focusing and active imagination are presented as possible psychotherapeutic tools for clinical application. Using alchemical hermeneutics and heuristic methodologies, this thesis explores how aerobic green exercise might initiate a transcendent experience and also be utilized as a psychotherapeutic intervention.

This thesis explores the similarities and differences between Carl G. Jung’s method of active imagination and the ancient healing practice of shamanic dream journeying. A comparative analysis of both methods is presented incorporating historical, anthropological, and psychological perspectives. The similarities between Jung’s life journey and the journey of a shaman are explored. Using heuristic methodology, the author examines the two modalities and assesses their utility in assisting individuals in their own healing process through dream work. The author uses personal dream material to experientially compare and contrast the two methods. The study concludes that both active imagination and shamanic dream journeying can assist individuals in reconnecting with their internal world, which is beneficial on a psychological, physical, emotional, and spiritual level. By employing active imagination or through shamanic dream journeying individuals can bridge the gap between the unconscious and unconscious and tap into their inner world for healing.

Imagination provides an alternative mode of articulation in the psychotherapeutic setting. Engaging autonomous aspects of psyche places psychotherapy in creativity, thus leading to an authentic and meaningful subjective experience of soul. This thesis utilizes hermeneutic and heuristic research methodologies to explore the phenomenon of manifesting the psyche by means of the imagination. The author engaged in active imagination in an attempt to materialize the immediacy of an archetypal encounter related to the cut-off and marginalized aspects of the feminine psyche. Using the process of creating photographed imagery in order to understand the phenomena of the dark feminine and the imaginal encounter, the author found that the materialized image exerts influence upon the archetype or archetypal constellation.

This production thesis utilizes artistic-creative and heuristic methodologies and
reframes the author’s experiences as an adolescent in 1996 after being prescribed
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for depression. After reading Peter Breggin and
reviewing her journal from 1996 the author realized her suicidality increased directly
after starting Prozac. Mental health professionals attributed these changes to the author’s
depression worsening. These experiences are reframed as physical and psychological
trauma. A Jungian perspective is applied to the author’s artwork which represents her
hypothesis: there is a collective emergence of the disembodied feminine in Americans
who embody outcast states. By tacit agreement and in its practice, psychiatry which is
immensely effected by the power shadow of the patriarchy, touts scientific research
produced by drug manufacturers as generally accepted proof of a drug’s validity.
Evidence that this “scientific research” is slanted toward effectiveness while denying the
existence of adverse side effects is detailed.

The question at the center of this research is how the psychoid differs from and reflects the psychic system. The methodological approaches of alchemical hermeneutics and traditional hermeneutics are used in examining the literature regarding the psychoid. Pyschologist Carl G. Jung used the term //psychoid// in examining a hypothesis of a quasi-psychic sphere. It acts as a palette upon which phenomena can spontaneously arise and disappear.  In this sense, the quasi-psychic sphere of the psychoid can be understood in terms of quantum theory. In both areas of study, one is often led to the remarkable conclusions of interconnectedness and interdependence. Synchronicity is evidence of these; an acausal linking of mind and matter, where external and internal events match up in meaning making.

This thesis explores the therapeutic and social value of friendships between men.
A review of the historical literature reveals how friendships among American males have
changed from the 1800s to the present day (Ibson, 2002). Male friendships appear to have
changed from relationships that unapologetically embraced all aspects of the varying
expressions of maleness to ones that limit acceptable collective norms to only a certain
few. Taking a depth perspective, this thesis argues that the apparent loss of connection
and intimacy between males may reflect a slow disappearance of an outward expression
of a man’s inner feminine (Johnson, 1990, 1993, 1994). Using a heuristic methodology
from Moustakas (1990), this thesis explores and demonstrates how the therapist can offer
men a new alternative for connecting to the lost feminine aspect of themselves and how
men can apply that newfound knowledge to other relationships in their lives.

The aim of this thesis is to consider the search for meaning, in its archetypal form, specifically in the context of religious belief. The history of religion is chronicled and explored in order to assess the collective, archetypal features of religious and spiritual beliefs, which unite mankind throughout time, culture, and space. The human need for meaning is also examined from a modern, neurological perspective, which helps to explain man's biological predisposition to religion. The primary aim of this endeavor, however, is to explore the function that meaning born of religious belief serves and the adaptability of this innate tendency. An alchemical hermeneutics approach is employed in this study to present alternative arguments on each side of the religious debate, including scientific, psychological and philosophical perspectives. These arguments, as well as impartial scientific data, point to the function of religious beliefs and ask whether the answers provided by religion serve as a positive adaptive function for the human species. 
* The electronic copy of this thesis is on a disk containing a single PDF file which can be opened with Adobe Acrobat Reader.

There has been an increasing concern in the field of psychology regarding the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of sexually reactive and sexually aggressive children and adolescents. Many people in the United States do not know what to do with children who are being sexually aggressive toward other children. Over the years, society as a whole has tried to keep quiet and to funnel these kids into the same category as adult sex offenders, only to realize that this is not working; children exhibit sexually aggressive behaviors against other children for very different reasons and have diverse treatment needs and outcomes compared to adults.

Sandor Ferenczi (1933/1994) and Anna Freud (as cited in Miller, 1998) introduced the concept of identification with the aggressor in the 1930s. A hermeneutic research approach is used to apply this concept to sexually aggressive youth based on the etiological theory that most children who act out against other children have their own sexual abuse history. A hermeneutic research approach is used to provide this history. Using this concept and a social constructionist framework, it is possible to deconstruct the term juvenile sex offender and offer a new construct for describing children who act out sexually against other children. The terms sexually reactive juveniles and sexually reactive youth

This thesis centers on the matrixial borderspace theory, an emerging psychoanalytic model articulated by psychoanalyst and theorist Bracha Ettinger. The central research question examines the intersections of art and psychotherapy to solicit ethical responsibility in relation to self, other, and the world. Using heuristic research methodology, this research illuminates ethical potentiality in the relational disciplines of psychotherapy and creating and/or viewing artwork, and locates the matrixial theory in the context of maternal subjectivity, sexual difference, the Oedipal complex, and feminist critical theories. Ettinger’s artwork and theory are explored in the context of aesthetics and ethics coupled with the author’s discourse through the lens of depth psychology and Holocaust imagery. Balancing personal association with critical examination, the author provides the reader an introduction to, and potential implications of, engaging the matrixial borderspace theory in the realms of art and psychotherapy, as well as in history, memory, and the creative process.

This thesis considers Peter S. Beagle's 1968 novel The Last Unicorn from the perspective of the analytical psychology of Carl G. Jung. A review of published criticism on the novel leaves major questions regarding its psychological meaning and potential clinical implications. Making use of the Jungian school of depth psychology's unique hermeneutic approach, the novel's major symbols are amplified in terms of their mythological, religious, and literary contexts and parallels. This leads to a preliminary psychological interpretation of the novel and a discussion of its possible applications in clinical practice. Major themes include trauma, alienation, the wounded feeling function, and the mythology of the wasteland and the wounded Fisher King.

In this work, the pathology of the sexual serial killer is hermeneutically and phenomenologically examined. First, an explanation of the nature of the serial killer is presented and includes: the history of sexual serial killers, the patterns and processes of their behaviors, possible environmental and biological influences, and the analysis of possible psychological theories, which includes fractured identity theory, Jung’s theories on archetypes and complexes, addiction theory, and Klein’s object relations theory. Then, an in-depth study of the correlation between the sexual serial killer’s pathology and Kleinian object relations theory, in particular the defense mechanisms used during the paranoid-schizoid position, is made. It is through examining and identifying the key points in the defense mechanisms that a correlation can be made between the pathological thoughts and behaviours of sexual serial killers and the paranoid-schizoid position in Klein’s object relations theory.

Many political, religious, and psychological investigations have attempted to understand the individual motivations of Islamic justified terrorists in their acts of mass murder, particularly since the 9/11 attack on the World Trade Towers. This thesis will examine another possible contributing factor, namely; the suppression of the feminine in Arab Muslim societies. It will question if the lack of relationship to the feminine by Arab males could result in imbalance on both the individual and collective levels of the masculine psyche, resulting in a misplaced release of repressed libidno energy into cold and calculated violence.

The foundation of this theoretical thesis rests in Carl J. Jung's theories of archetypal psychology together with a social examination of Arab child rearing practices and the subsequent segregation and treatment of women in most Arab societies. It will also draw upon Arab feminist authors who dared challenge modern orthodox Islamic doctrines in their encouragement of the subjugation of women, perpetuated by violence. Research into the Prophet Mohammed's own mostly, benevolent treatment of women is in stark contrast to the direction that Islamic religious leaders have taken over the years. The theories in this thesis will also be supported by personal experiences while living and working in the Middle East.

This thesis is a phenomenological study of creativity, exploring the ways in which six artists’ experiences are similar to or different from Carl G. Jung’s theories of creativity. The thesis examination includes Jung’s artistic modes of creation, active imagination, the role of play in creating, and creativity as a means for gaining greater personal insight. Particular importance is placed on Jung’s characterizations of the psychological artist and the visionary artist. Additionally, active imagination is explored from the Jungian perspective as well as from the subsequent therapeutic applications of utilizing active imagination as a means to enhance the creative functioning of artists.

Romantic comedies can be seen as modern fairy tales. Imbedded in these modern fairy tales is the heroine's transformation through her quest for love and in essence her journey of soul making. My exploration of the symbols, challenges and images from three heroines of three Hollywood romantic comedies is a heuristic research with a creative piece. I explored the themes and images of the movies: Bridget Jones's Diary (Bevan, Fellner, Cavendish, & Maguire, 2001), Something New (Allain & Hamri, 2006), and Under the Tuscan Sun (Sternberg & Wells, 2004); as one would explore and work with dreams. Issues of anima and animus, projection, dreams and rituals highlighted in the review of literature informed much of my approach in exploring the cinematic images and their meanings. This exploration lead then to the creation of my own fairy tale as an attempt to bring the dream work to the physical.

Using the hermeneutic method of inquiry, this thesis explores the issue of religious abuse in fundamental Christianity and the resultant intrapsychic wounding of children and adults. It examines disorders of the self that are prevalent in spiritually abusive systems and how these systems perpetuate themselves. The effects of mental health issues within religious communities on personal development, family development, and religious development are considered from the perspectives of depth psychology combining archetypal psychology and a psychodynamic model on disorders of the self. The author presents a personal account of the effects of spiritual abuse experienced by her deceased brother and herself as children of a pastor in a fundamentalist religion.
Repercussions of religious abuse on the psyche may create a chasm between individuation and spirituality. This chasm manifests in disorders of the self and depreciation of spiritual experience. The reviewed literature includes delineation of the correlation between spiritual abuse as found in some fundamental Christian religions and in some cults' practices. Diagnostic indicators of spiritual abuse are explored and ethical issues are reviewed, particularly the use of power by religious leaders. This thesis proposes that mental health clinicians as well as religious leaders and institutions need to understand the deep significance religion plays in human development. The experience of spiritual abuse must be validated in a meaningful and healing manner so that individuals may commune with God or the Divine through connecting with their true Selves and express this experience collectively within religious traditions.
*The electronic copy of this thesis is on a disc containing a single PDF file which can be opened with Adobe Acrobat Reader.

More than a passing melancholia, trait loneliness is a troubling tendency in the personality that compromises an individual's enjoyment of self and other and makes episodes of state (situational) loneliness more acutely painful. Studies positively correlate trait loneliness with temperament, developmental disruptions in attachment, and self-verification behaviors; with the tendency to use stable internal attributions for negative interpersonal outcomes; and with the Western cultural emphasis on individualism. Using a refined understanding of the feeling function and of the nature of the intersubjective field, philosophical and practical approaches are proposed for transmuting trait loneliness by reconnecting the exiled, monadic psyche with the dynamic symbols of self-transcendence of the imaginal realm. Eric Erikson's epigenetic model of psychosocial progress provides insight into the current state of Western epistemological development, demonstrating that the growing epidemic of loneliness speaks to an underlying, adolescent calling to consciously, collectively live a symbolic life.

This thesis explores complex issues associated with adoption and being an adoptee. In their development, adoptees encounter more obstacles than nonadoptees in the areas of resolving ambivalence, ambiguous grief, and forced gratitude. The impact of long-standing social stigmas and biases regarding adoption prevent adoptees from expressing feelings. Mental health professionals frequently conform to these biases, and adoptees in treatment often deny or minimize the psychological impact of their adoption status. The thesis emphasizes the necessity and clinical appropriateness of the adoptee expressing feelings about adoption. Using a hermeneutic approach, the author refers to her experience as an adoptee and, from a depth psychological perspective, applies the hero‘s journey to the obstacles adoptees encounter. The thesis also presents results of a survey (see Appendix B) the author conducted with clinicians to assess their level of awareness regarding treatment related to adoption and concludes that more training in this area is indicated.

Rites of passage used to be an integral and formal part of a young person's journey toward adulthood and thus, were a major component in the development of self-esteem. This thesis considers adolescent rites of passage as an archetypal need. The author explores how modem manifestations of these ancient rites lack mentorship and reincorporation into the community. In addition, twenty-eight youths working as crewmembers for the Youth Corps of Southern Arizona (YCOSA) were surveyed pre and post-course to measure differences in self-esteem during an eight week wilderness program. Quantitative data revealed a statistically significant increase in self-esteem as measured by both the Coopersmith (1975) and Rosenberg (1989) self-esteem inventories, and empirical results suggests the experience was life changing.

This thesis details the creative process of crafting a Training Schedule and the interactive process of proposing and revising it for an organization that serves both a clientele of outpatient psychotherapy clients and graduate student trainees in their psychotherapy practicum. Utilizing the methodology of a case study, it focuses on a developmental juncture for the counseling center's training program. The background material came from multiple experiential sources-the primary sources being the author's experience of the 2005-2006 training year (as presented by Barbara Swenson, Ph.D.) and collaborative exchanges with agency principals and staff.
The challenge in crafting the Training Schedule Proposal was to retain the specific and diverse value of the training program as authored by the agency principals while proposing structural changes designed to update and evolve the program and accommodate changing business conditions. A defense of a logistical intervention being presented as a creative production is given, as is an appreciation of qualities in a teacher or a program that are in-educible to practical concerns.

Winning the lottery is an unexpected event that can cause a great shock to the psyche. Using phenomenological and heuristic methodology, this thesis examines the fantasy of winning as one way to reveal one's emotional, and often unconscious, ties with money. In exploring the fantasy and reality of winning the lottery fairy tales, literature about the lottery and its history is presented along with theories on the social and psychological ramifications of money in the lives of Americans. In addressing the question, "What does money mean to me?" the author describes her life experiences in relation to money, including her own fantasy of winning the lottery. The fairytales, "The Matchstick Girl" and "The Fisherman and His Wife," are examined as cautionary tales dealing with fantasy versus reality, greed, and envy, as these factors bear on one's relationship with money. The myth of Icarus is considered as a metaphor for the dangers of ego-inflation and the necessity of balancing the inner and outer realities. Money is the main focus of winning the lottery, but is the winner able to handle it or will he or she, like Icarus, fall from the sky? Accessing the mature spiritual warrior archetype is proposed as a way to transcend one's current consumer relationship with money.

Addiction to drugs has been a part of history for as long as records have existed. Exploring these historical events and their affects on societies may help us from repeating the devastating damages drugs can cause on a society. Recognizing the importance of initiation or rite of passage in one's social status from adolescents into adulthood can help give guidance and security to the adolescent who is approaching this stage in life. Establishing more secular coming of age ceremonies with adult guidance can give youngsters knowledge of their place in society, therefore, reducing the use and abuse of drugs. Educating adolescents on addiction and its affect on their yet undeveloped brains and the negative affect drugs can have on their lives will help teens reconsider using or abusing drugs. It is imperative for American society to re-evaluate our current drug laws by considering decriminalization or a reduction of the penalties for acts deemed criminal by statute law, without actual legalization of drugs. Our society needs to come up with alternate means of dealing with drug abuse in adolescents in order for them to maintain dignity and meaning to their lives. Using Hermeneutics method, this qualitative Hermeneutics thesis will investigate the patterns of adolescent drug use and look into ways of preventing drug addiction. It is our responsibility as adults to seek and find the best information regarding drug use and provide our youth with all the necessary information for them to make an appropriate life changing decision.
*The electronic copy of this thesis is in PDF file format and can be opened with Adobe Acrobat Reader.

The self is the focus of all psychology, psychiatry, and psychotherapy. Psychoanalysis was founded upon a single study of the interaction between trauma and psyche, a single study. The interaction between intimacy and the self plays a major role in identity development. This thesis differentiates between the Self, Carl Gustav Jung's terminology, and the self as defined by the author in the introduction of this thesis. This thesis also explores heuristically and through narrative experience those interactions, contextual meanings, and how re-authoring trauma experiences can permanently change both selves. The term //intimacy//, nearly indefinable, is then discussed with focus remaining on self-intimacy, which promotes overall well-being. By examining cultural, historical, and psychological aspects of the author's narrative and recovery from the problem of misdiagnosis, loss of intimacy, stigmatization, and the ongoing process of recovering from trauma, parallels are drawn to core components of depth, Jungian, and narrative psychologies.

This thesis addresses the question: how is spirituality important within the therapeutic process? Using a hermeneutic research methodology, the connection between spirituality and healing in the process of psychotherapy is examined. A comparative study of the perspectives of the major influential thinkers in this area is presented. The author contends that spirituality and psychology are intertwined and that psychotherapy can support both a person‟s spiritual and psychological growth. To illustrate the connection between spiritual and psychological growth, the parallels between the chakra system and Maslow‟s hierarchy of needs are presented and discussed, with a particular emphasis on the role of the therapeutic alliance in supporting a client‟s growth and development. In addition, the author draws upon her own personal and clinical experiences of the therapeutic encounter in order to deepen the investigation of the relationship between spirituality and healing in the process of psychotherapy.

Though women's status has vastly improved since the height of patriarchy, even today, their equality is disputed, as in the specific cases of single mothers. This thesis examines the devaluation of the feminine qualities of caring and nurturing and women’s ability to succeed in their own individuation process. Many women tend to make others the focus of their caring and nurturing, to their own detriment. This thesis joins proponents of feminine and feminist psychologies in suggesting alternative therapeutic models for women. Utilizing hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies as well as engagement in an artistic–creative process of dancing and journaling, the author demonstrates a way for a woman to experience validity of her true value as a woman in the face of a conflicting world around her. The thesis suggests that expressive arts, as primary or adjunctive therapy, is one way a woman may forge her path forward.

The animus is a multi-dimensional concept within Jungian analytical psychology. This thesis uses the author's personal experience to explore various themes within the literature with the intention of demonstrating the animus' continued relevance to modern analytical psychology. Themes explored are: the animus as living archetypal energy, the animus as an evolving dream and imaginal figure, the animus as an ally in emerging from the parental complex; the role of the feminine in animus transformation, the animus as a bridge to the unconscious that facilitates shadow integration, the transformed positive animus as mediator of the transcendent function signaling the healing of the narcissistic wound, and the emergence of the creative animus.

Compulsive habits are symptoms of an underlying conflict. Because habits are usually benign, they are easily disregarded as merely symptoms of nervous tension. Habits are often directed toward the body and referred to as body-focused repetitive behaviors. Rooted in the author’s own experience as a compulsive hair twister, this thesis utilizes hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies to examine the behavioral and psychological specifics that constitute the hair twisting habit. However, the habitual behavior is only half of the symptom. In hair twisting, the rhythmic twisting and knotting of the hair is always accompanied by a brooding, pensive reverie and a vacuous gaze. This gesture is a recurring image that appears throughout artwork and mythology, providing the archetypal backdrop that perpetuates the hair twisting habit. Thus when looked at more aesthetically, habits and their heavy mood reflect an internal drama within which the afflicted is unconsciously playing a part.

Oceans

My boat struck something deep. Nothing happened.
Sound, silence, waves.

Nothing happened.
Or, perhaps everything happened.
And I am sitting in the middle of my new life.

(Juan Ramon Jiminez, quoted in Bly, 1997, p. 63)

Understanding Jung's discovery of the power of the unconscious through active imagination has been electrifying for me. Hitherto, completely unaware of the influence of the inner self, the realization is profound. How can it be that most of us go through life unaware of psyche, which lies outside our conscious mind? To answer this question, this thesis examines the historical role of the imagination in the Western mind. It reviews Jung's creation of active imagination and depth psychology's embrace of the imaginal. It brings a depth psychology approach to the use of collage as a potent way to connect to active imagination and to further self-exploration and understanding. For this thesis, a group of women, over forty, came together to create collages around the topic of meaningful aging. The goal was to establish a closer connection to psyche and soul through engaging in active imagination. The collages they created, and the dialogues they established with the images, speak eloquently of the riches available to all who make a conscious decision to form a relationship with their unconscious. This paper supports the notion of directing psychological attention toward these topics of deep concern.
Jung used the term transcendent function to describe the integration of conscious and unconscious material that must take place in order to reveal new meaning and understanding. The process of creating collage with images facilitates this integration, thus leading deeper insights. An important aspect of this thesis is its implications for counseling psychology. In this writer's view active imagination is the zenith of Jung's psychological discoveries, and the more it can be introduced to psychotherapy, the better. The materials needed for collage are inexpensive and easily accessible to all. Provided the activity is properly led-with knowledge of Jung's basic steps, including caveats to be mentioned in the body of this work-participants can begin to get in touch with the unknown, inner part of themselves. In conducting active imagination groups, more people can be introduced to active imagination. In this production thesis, coparticipants in a workshop I led worked both alone and in groups. Whether at home or in the therapy room, active imagination and collage offer valuable insights to all who decide to participate-to all who make a conscious intention to fathom their depths.

What is beauty? Is it a natural phenomenon, a moment, or an entirely internal perception? This thesis explores beauty as a numinous connection between one's heart and the heart of things in the world, positing that beauty is both internal and external. Beauty speaks through images and things; but as well as images and things commonly associated with beauty, beauty has a dark side too. Dark beauty has as much to teach one as the more etheric images do. Integration of the meaning of beauty in all her displays can be a difficult and expanding process.
This thesis employs a heuristic method to explore the importance of beauty as a modality of being and healing, through a review of literature related to beauty, personal reflections on the meaning of beauty, as well as a qualitative study of responses to a survey which gauges the impact of beauty in the lives of six individuals. The world lives and breathes in beauty; attention to the beauty in life creates meaning, depth, and soul.

The following thesis explores the deeper psycho-spiritual implications of the various cultural and religious motifs that have been universally manifested throughout human history. Within this context, the notion of archetypal symbolism—as expressed through the art, architecture, and mythic imagery of both ancient and modern sites—will be examined in a manner that ultimately reveals a remarkable underlying spiritual unity in all cultures and faiths. This study includes a careful consideration of the manner and extent to which archetypal imagery continues to exist in the modern secular world of Western civilization despite its focus on scientific materialism and its increasing separation from and degradation of nature. A reawakening to the deeper, essential meaning of universal mythic imagery, especially in the various archetypal manifestations of the Great Goddess, presents the human species with a dynamic means of moving ever closer to the realization of its divine inner potential.

Music has deeply affected humanity throughout history; hearts are won, wars are
started, sacred rites initiated, and rulers crowned to the backdrop of music, which serves
to mystically reinforce these events. From a depth psychology perspective, music
summons archetypes, the ubiquitous energetic source of relational dynamics that engage
psyche in the dance of life. Using artistic-creative methodology, this production thesis
demonstrates and examines the process of manifesting archetypal energy through music.
The same short film is set to four different music scores, each of which manifest a
different archetypal energy and therefore provide a different relational meaning to the
film. The thesis examines the intersection of archetypes and music based on literature
from the fields of depth psychology, music, and neurobiology. Clinically, this thesis can
be helpful in exploring the implications of archetypal manifestation in clients’ listening
habits.

Malintzin, an Indian woman of noble descent, was given to slavery as a child. She survived by learning the languages spoken in the places she was sent. Malintzin became the interpreter-translator for Hernán Cortés and played a major role in the conquest of the New Spain (which today is Mexico). Unfortunately, the history books portray Malintzin just as the concubine of Cortés and a betrayer.

Using hermeneutic and artistic-creative research methodologies, this thesis views Malintzin and Cortés through the lens of Depth Psychology. Their relationship plays an important role in the collective unconscious of Mexicans today. Almost 500 years later, I want to remember Malintzin, listen to her, and integrate her story. By taking a new perspective, this time with Malintzin speaking English- a language foreign to us both- I hope to serve as a bridge, just as she was, to share her story and her wisdom across cultures, through language and love.

Suicidal individuals and caregivers struggle with a wide range of complex emotions and psychological experiences. Isolation is just one of those emotions and experiences. This thesis explores specific psychological aspects of isolation that contribute to suicide. Isolation can occur internally within the individual or externally from the perceptions and reactions of friends, community, and society that further isolate the individual and caregiver. This thesis explores how isolation can be counteracted through connectedness and effective supportive measures for prevention and treatment. Hermeneutic methodology is used to analyze text-based data from books, magazines, published first-person accounts, and scientific articles to explore isolation and the role it can play in suicidal ideation and acts. This method is applied to an investigation of how caregivers can provide support as well.

People who die from the natural progression of illness pass through a number of stages as they journey through end of life to death. During the final stage, when actively dying, the patient is unresponsive. I contend that during this time, the dying patient is in a different state of consciousness but continues to have a viable psychology that is responsive to treatment.

I developed co-meditative singing as treatment for actively dying patients. In this thesis I use intuitive inquiry, hermeneutic methodology, and case studies to illustrate the method and report my findings. Co-meditative singing is an alternative intervention supported by theories of depth psychology, meditation, and music. The process utilizes gentle singing in a meditative consciousness and song rhythms synchronized with the dying person‟s breathing pattern. I contend a depth approach to treatment at this time of life is not only effective but a most compassionate approach.

The suffering resulting from mental illness not only affects individuals directly,
but also their family members. This phenomenological research focuses on the
experiences of family members of those diagnosed with a mental illness. Each
interviewee shared facets of their experience in light of the impact their child's illness has
had upon them personally. Along with similarities and differences in each story, the
stages of grief and dealing with the mental health system are discussed in detail. Each
interviewee differed in terms of emotional reactivity, ability, and extent of parental
caregiving. The overall experience and narratives of parents were ultimately described in
terms of loss and self-care.

Within every caterpillar is a set of latent cells called imaginal disks. When the caterpillar begins the process of disintegration within the cocoon, the imaginal disks are activated. Only then is the blueprint of the caterpillar's potential revealed and the insect is literally re-membered into a butterfly. Similarly, every human being carries the seeds of his or her potential deep within the soul. During an intense period of disintegration, such as a crisis, illness, or the midlife transition, the memory is stirred and the process of individuation, of "psychic growth" which gradually results in "a wider and more mature personality" (Jung & Von Franz, 1964, p. 161) is most activated. As the butterfly finds itself fluttering its wings and pollinating flowers, individuals find themselves growing closer to their destiny, to the one life they can call their own (Whyte, 1997). As the imaginal disks reveal the butterfly, the adult psyche reveals the true nature of a mature human being. The cocooning process is delicate, however, and even a small interruption may destroy the formation of the butterfly. In a culture that has lost the myths, elders, and rites of passage ceremonies that once modeled and protected the optimal cocooning conditions, maturation has become increasingly difficult. Without pollinators trees and flowers cannot produce fruit. The individuation imperative coaxes an individual along the process of maturation&mdash;of growing toward wholeness. Individuation provides a myth of meaning to a culture that has lost its myths. Psyche is the Greek word for "soul" and its etiology, not surprisingly, comes from the word, "butterfly" (Hollis, 1996, p. 9). The soul, therefore, carries the same transformational elements as that of the caterpillar, which breaks from its death-tomb, with brilliant-colored wings, ready to take flight.

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[[Abstracts]]

Rooted in a blend of heuristic methodology and alchemical hermeneutics, this
thesis explores the vocation of stay-at-home fatherhood from a depth psychological
perspective, postulating the emergence of an archetype of the Stay-at-Home Father. It
examines the journey toward deep fatherhood through the depth psychological lenses of
alchemy, archetypal initiation, and the hero’s journey. The author’s experience as a stay-at-
home father informs his observations and conclusions.

When a child's acts breach societal norms to such a degree that Namelessness due to immaturity appears unimaginable, an intense and uniting anxiety is provoked in a community. Using hermeneutic methodology, this study traces the legal history of holding children criminally accountable for their actions, with particular attention to the erosion of the juvenile court system as a social welfare agency. The practice of transferring youth offenders from juvenile court to adult criminal court for processing is critically examined as a societal mechanism of scapegoating and dual system of American juvenile jurisprudence that functions as a cultural pacifier. Youth offenders who are processed in adult criminal court serve as conscious representations of disowned evil within, consisting of those aspects of society and individuals that have been blamed, rejected, and repressed. For this reason, it is important to consider reasons that sanctions for youth offenses should be different than for otherwise similar adult crimes. The argument is made that opponents of the juvenile transfer must find alternative ways of allowing communities to effectively express its unity in opposing youth crime.

By melding tried and true classical psychoanalytic theories, cognitive behavioral and dialectical behavioral techniques, psychodynamic principles, depth perspectives, along with the identification and adaptation of a spiritual framework, the counseling professional has a larger and more adept arsenal of interventions, understanding, and mediums to draw from. With this increased cache of professional techniques the clinician has a higher likeliness of creating meaning out of suffering, hope for the hopeless, increased quality of life, and at its utmost level of achievement, enables the manifestation of our greatest dreams and goals for ourselves and the world we live in. Using hermeneutic methodology this thesis reviews the augmentation and natural inclination of current burgeoning programs, techniques, and methodologies with a spiritually relevant focus for the treatment of the trauma-affected, personality-disordered, mentally ill, homeless client.

This thesis explores the use of hand-held mobile and tablet devices in therapeutic settings. Therapists require new and more innovative ways of engaging digital immigrants and digital natives. In addition, mobile phone addiction is a condition currently considered for inclusion in the DSM V. This pathological fear of being without electronic devices sets up an opportunity for therapeutic interventions that navigate the new technology paradox. A history of media psychology and other forms of narrative-based therapy provides insight into the utility of these interventions as they have been previously applied in the treatment of co-occurring mental health disorders. In the proposed digital narrative, image-based therapy provides a new context for decisive images to aid in the recovery process. Through a hermeneutic literature review, this research uses the lenses of self-psychology, object relations theory, cognitive behavioral therapies, and various postmodern approaches and indicates that digital applications have particular relevance as interventions.

This thesis explores the suffering experienced by modern American men as a result of their obsession with the American hero myth and a misunderstanding of the hero archetype and hero’s journey. A review of the literature reveals that men are driven and informed by the hero archetype and hero’s journey, which includes not only stereotypical masculine attributes, but also vulnerabilities such as failures, challenges, suffering, and wounding. However, modern men are primarily at the mercy of the American hero myth, leading them to believe the only heroic life is one filled with money, power, and prestige. The American hero myth tells men they must always be successful and never be vulnerable. Taking a depth perspective and employing heuristic methodology, this thesis argues that only through  heroic vulnerability and an acceptance of wounds, failures, and challenges, will a man finally achieve deeper meaning in life.

This thesis conducts a comparative analysis of Joseph Campbell’s Hero’s Journey and Marsha Linehan’s dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT). Although epistemologically different, the two bodies of work are models for personal transformation that adhere to specific stages and structures. Parallels between the two systems are explored using a hermeneutic methodology, and the author identifies preliminary opportunities for clinicians to synthesize the two models with the goal of enhancing the impact of skills training in a clinical setting. The author pays particular attention to the hero’s journey as a conceptual metaphor that may improve the impact and resonance of DBT skills training for clients by offering a coherent narrative for their experiences in treatment. Suggestions are made for further inquiry into a more comprehensive analysis of the DBT skills curriculum and how to best synthesize the hero's journey as a conceptual metaphor for each specific skill.

The stories people tell about themselves form their identities and provide guidelines for how to act. When one’s story no longer  fits the reality of one’s life, or one questions to what extent this  story has been influenced by others, one may seek the help of a  therapist to articulate and reimagine that story, which allows the  psychic space necessary to create movement.One is then confronted with a choice to continue living as before or try something new. One can view oneself as a  consequence of one’s situation or find freedom in that situation to try new ways  of imagining and living one’s life. To stop living out the old pattern and make room for a new story to emerge, a part of the person must suffer a metaphorical death. This hermeneutic inquiry investigates the  role that will and choice play in changing one’s life story.

According to Jungian psychology, the process of individuation calls for the harmonizing of conscious and unconscious material, including the integration of masculine and feminine energies within the psyche. Symbols of a numinous nature can guide this process. This thesis explores the Tower as a powerful symbol of transformation in the psyche, embodying both masculine and feminine principles. Utilizing an alchemical hermeneutic research methodology, the unconscious reveals the Tower’s transformation
from destructive and potent phallus to nurturing and healing womb through meaningful symptoms, synchronicities, and dreams. This work illustrates how inviting a symbol such as the Tower to dance between the realms of soma and psyche, conscious and unconscious, and masculine and feminine, can lead to a more holistic sense of self.

This thesis is about the journey of developing a whole and more realistic concept of oneself through learning to accept one's ugliness through the process of art. It takes the position that it is only when one can begin to accept their ugliness that they are able to fully accept their beauty, and in turn embrace their full human potential and complexity. By extension, it is also the position of this thesis that the denial of one's ugliness, or of their flawed nature, keeps them split-off from their true nature and trapped in their projections. In failing to integrate both the beautiful and the ugly, one remains psychologically split, while continuing to project their unintegrated qualities onto others. Utilizing creative/artistic methodology, this thesis explores how one can heal this split, and in turn withdraw their projections through the process of art. This thesis explores the concept that one can use art to map out their projections of ugliness and beauty for examination and analysis. The art can psychologically contain and physically unite these seemingly opposite concepts, allowing one to understand and process them in ways they would not otherwise be able to do. It is through this creative process that aspects of oneself that were formally split into dichotomous notions of good and bad, or beauty and ugliness, can be held as one continuous whole. In this position between extremes, ambiguity comes forth as a source of richness and health, allowing one to move beyond notions of ugly or beautiful, and unite these concepts into ugly and beautiful.

The puer aeternus is the eternal child that appears to inspire and lift a person, a congregation, a community, and a country with hope and aspirations of divine contact with the gods. His mother, pregnant with anticipation and charged with the archetypal Great Mother, awaits the divinity of her son's ability to change the world and honor her grooming as his throne. 
In this qualitative thesis, I employ a hermeneutic and a heuristic methodology to explore the puer aeternus, the Great Mother Archetype as seen in the relationship between an immigrant Mexican Mother and her Mexican American Prince. From a cultural perspective, there is an exploration of the work of Dan Hernandez, who is credited for coining the term "Mexican American Prince" to identify the educated Mexican American male who is both loyal to his mother and ambitiously in pursuit to regain power in Northern America. 
Reviewing the work of C. G. Jung, Marie-Louise von Franz, Erich Neumann, and James Hillman serves to articulate the history of both the puer aeternus and the Great Mother Archetype. A validation of the rhythms found in the puer's journey are also explored to assist in seeing the value of the puer's archetypal pull, and the benefits of aligning with the puer's cycle as an alternative form of moving towards individuation. 
*The electronic copy of this thesis is on a disc containing a single PDF file, which can be opened with Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Utilizing hermeneutic methodology, this thesis inquires into psyche’s relationship to illness and how psyche can be engaged during the healing process. Traditional Chinese medicine’s philosophy of the Five Elements addresses mind and body as a unified organism working synchronistically. Relating this to Jungian psychology, the five elements and their associated emotions, organs, and seasons are understood archetypally and found to be useful in helping clients explore the relationship between psyche and soma. This perspective provides a framework for working with a client’s symptoms metaphorically as an imbalance in the energies of the five elements. Employing the five elements from this viewpoint can bring meaning and wholeness to one’s inner world, connecting mind, body, and the natural environment. As a tool for transformation, the integration of an archetypal approach using the five elements supports a more conscious understanding of symptoms at the physical and emotional levels, unifying the psyche and soma.

Poetry is creative expression through the use of language. Conscious creative expression with intent holds healing capacity. By looking at the history of poetry as it relates to the field of psychotherapy, a sense of its role in healing is garnered. Throughout time humanity has employed creative processes in an attempt to better handle and grasp the peaks and crevasses of life. Poetry has withstood the test of time and emerged a valuable and healing creative expression. In the field of psychotherapy, creativity and self-expression are encouraged to aid in the processes of self-discovery and healing. Testimony is given to poetry’s role in bolstering healing processes by examining sources in the field of poetry therapy, depth psychology, Jungian psychology, and from the author’s personal experience. Utilizing heuristic and artistic-creative methodologies, this thesis addresses the capacity of poetry to heal and presents a creative piece by the author.

Chemical dependency wreaks havoc and chaos in the lives of addicted individuals as well as their loved ones. Although dependency on drugs and alcohol is not a new phenomenon, the underlying scapegoat complex identified as driving many addicts' behavior is often left untreated and instead reinforced. Employing hermeneutic research methodology to investigate this problem led the author to discoveries that prompted the question, "Are we scapegoating the scapegoats?" Attempting to fulfill the role of scapegoat drives patients into treatment for chemical dependency more than any other family/archetypal role bestowed by the dysfunctional family; however, entering treatment as the family 's identified patient only perpetuates one's already ingrained negative self-regard. This study proposes a model for treatment that recognizes addiction as a symptom of a dysfunctional family role, created by a dysfunctional family system, and includes treating the entire family for its own welfare and that of the identified patient.

There is a great deal of research providing data and information regarding the process of dying and how it affects both the dying person, as well as their family. There is much written about the grieving process and how to work with grief and loss after death. However, there has been very little written about the impact of this process on the lives of the professional caregivers who work with these patients on a daily basis, and how that process may affect them. Confronted with our own mortality and the realization that our time is limited, that life is difficult and dangerous, the end result of which is annihilation in the form of death, has been a focal issue since the birth of human consciousness. From the earliest recorded history, humankind has had to deal with the fact of its mortality; it has had to confront death. This thesis is an integral exploration of that confrontation with mortality. It explores the ways in which professional caregivers are affected by it, as well as the ways in which they may more effectively support themselves and their patients.
I have chosen to incorporate several research methods in my work. Employing a hermeneutic approach, I have examined the existing theories regarding death and dying from Freud, Jung, Kubler-Ross, and others. I have attempted to apply these theories to the lives and work of professional caregivers who work with the dying and their families. I have included, in the form of a memoir, a heuristic study of my own experiences and discoveries. This includes my stories of death and dying, as well as my experiences of working with the dying, their families, and my professional colleagues. Finally, I have anticipated, in the form of a grant proposal, a quantitative study of the affects of working with the dying on the community of professional caregivers. My working hypothesis is that professional caregivers are deeply affected by the dying of their patients. This thesis, through investigation, collaboration, and analysis attempts to clarify the needs of these professional caregivers. It is the ultimate aim of this thesis to derive a system of support, based on their own experiences and discoveries that will offer these professional caregivers the aid and support needed to effectively continue their important work.
We are the stories we tell ourselves. All of these stories are, ultimately, tragedies; the hero always dies at the end. How we deal with this inevitability, particularly as professionals during the process of assisting others, both prior to and after the event, is of paramount importance. As professional caregivers in hospice and palliative care, these people are committed to the process of reducing pain and suffering, while providing a dignified environment for the dying person. Their commitment also extends to the families, for they, also must go through this dying process, as well as the subsequent process of grieving. They also are actively engaged in meaning making as they face the inexorable truth that they, too, will eventually die. Everyone, in fact everything, dies. How we face this truth and how we bring meaning to this process is an essential element in the process.
So what NOW? How do we, as therapists, assist the professional caregivers as they witness the suffering of loss of their patients again and again? How do we assist them as they support the families of their patients? What is needed to better enable them, as they attempt to hold the center with confidence, courage, compassion, and humor, even as they face their own mortality? This is the primary focus of this thesis.

This hermeneutic inquiry explores how the lack of a relationship with natural darkness may potentially inhibit the modern individual's capacity for psychological wholeness. The thesis provides a depth psychological understanding of the capacity of the dark as a projective medium through which the modern individual may discover and integrate latent aspects of psyche that lay dormant in the unconscious. The study finds that as human consciousness became gradually differentiated from a projective identification with nature, the darkness of night continued to offer a realm with the capacity to hold the projections of humankind. This relieved psyche from bearing the full weight of an archetypal shadow that has grown in proportion to the development of consciousness. In the context of the modern condition, reengagement with dark has the potential to enable the modern individual to face and integrate aspects of both the personal and archetypal shadow.

The field of counseling psychology has engaged in scant exploration in the area of accessing adult narratives in the presence of linguistic deficit. This investigation inquires into issues and tools for hosting a population that has long existed almost completely outside of psychotherapeutic care-namely, individuals with aphasia, an acquired communication disorder. Aphasia is defined as the loss or impairment of language function due to brain injury, including stroke, brain tumors, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and other damaging neurological events. Using a qualitative heuristic methodology, this thesis draws from research by speech and language pathologists (SLPs), as well as the author's personal experience as caregiver for a family member with severe aphasia. Clinical and ethical questions are explored, including client consent; awareness of neurodiversity in counseling practice; the impact of the medical model and "impairment" paradigm on client identity; and countertransference in the presence of a communication disorder.

Music can generate powerful transformations for healing individuals. Before, during, and after creating or listening to music, people often feel profoundly changed. In this production thesis, using a artistic-creative methodology, the author recorded original songs for her debut album Bloom; analyzing from a depth psychological perspective her own transformation in the process. The author reviewed scientific, psychological, and artistic scholarship related to how music can heal and transform artists, participants, and listeners. Grounded in both scientific and therapeutic principles, the author examines the Jungian constructs of the tension of opposites, archetypal energies, and the transcendent function at work in her challenges of creating and sharing music. She demonstrates how depth psychology helped her understand the transformations occurring in her as she pursued her music, and the way in which the music itself served her process as a transcendent function. This thesis elucidates and validates the profound, psychologically transformative power of music.

This thesis heuristically and hermeneutically explores the often misunderstood figure of puer aeternus from an important new perspective, different from the previous literature in analytical psychology. It starts with the most basic of tasks-a reexamination of the use of the term puer aeternus that seeks to make its varied meanings and alterations more clear.
The puer aeternus is traditionally portrayed from the standpoint of his failed attempts at gaining autonomy from the incestuous lure of the mother, yet there has been quite an oversight toward him. Although attempts have been made to portray the puer in relationship to other masculine archetypes-namely the senex-the reimagining of the puer aeternus has not gone far enough into his true nature. The relationship of puer aeternus to the Great Mother has been explored and documented, but this thesis asserts that not only does viewing the puer aeternus only in terms of the Great Mother deprive us of his vital energy, as Hillman concluded, it goes further to contend that not seeing the puer also in relation to the hero and the father creates the same effect-namely, to leave the puer in the mother or father complex. The complex becomes the realm of static thinking to which we retreat when its fire and vitality become too much, as is the case wherein puer is reduced to either the realm of only father or mother. Therefore, this study considers the puer in relation to the hero and the development of consciousness.

Who are we, as human beings, as a result of being loved? Asking and answering this question provides deep insight into the human psyche. By exploring and understanding the essence of what one's associations and beliefs of love and loving relationships are, psychotherapists can begin to work with clients to help them better understand themselves.
The word love conjures up many thoughts, ideas, and images. When people speak of love, they are usually referring to romantic love, which is so often depicted in prose, film, and verse. The love of self is proposed to be the basis for existence. Love that parents or primary care providers give to a child seems to imprint a certain code on that child, almost like DNA. It shapes not only the most basic thoughts of oneself, but how one views and relates to others in general. In many ways, it colors all aspects of one's life, and exploring its origin and the human perspective on that childhood love can surely provide greater insight into one's own psyche.
This thesis employs a theoretical methodology coupled with a production of related poetry and image. The works of C. G. Jung, Sigmund Freud, and Barbara Stevens Sullivan validate the topic of this thesis and support the conclusions as valuable tools in the field of psychotherapy. This thesis contributes therapeutic tools to recognize the language of love.

This thesis presents an alchemical hermeneutic inquiry of eros as guru in combination with a heuristic exploration of how eros initiates healing and individuation from a depth psychological perspective. This research focuses on the archetypal, daimonic qualities of eros and how they manifest in the personal realm of relationships. Essentially, all relationships are impermanent and entail paradox&mdash;union and separation, satisfaction and longing, wounding and healing. This thesis explores the teleology of such paradox and demonstrates how the suffering that arises from the two-fold nature of love and desire can be utilized for soul-making. Developing a psychological discipline of eros development , which involves psychological reflection and a religious attitude towards the longing, conflict, and heartbreak that transpires in all passionate relationships, can render one's relationship to eros more conscious and thus transform darkness into light, wounding into healing, ignorance into Self-knowledge, and eros into guru.

How do envisioning dreams like fairy tales inform the therapist's ability to talk with their clients about dreams? Using the research methodologies of heuristics and hermeneutics, the author tended to a dream while enrolled in a graduate program in psychology. He explains his dream as an imaginative story that reflects many of the ideas and concepts of depth psychology. The mythopoetic function of the unconscious is explored in relation to archetypal, historical, and fairy tale figures appearing in the dream, such as Bilbo Baggins, Trickster, Cleopatra, the Dalai Lama, and Frederick Douglass. Threads of depth and applied psychology are woven into the discussion, creating a link between the author's dream and fairy tales. The research suggests that dreams, when envisioned as imaginary tales, are less frightening and more palatable, inviting selfdiscovery and transformation in the process of psychotherapy.

The collective unconscious as explored by Carl G. Jung overlaps with the non-ordinary reality of the shaman. Archetypes as defined in depth psychology correspond to the spirit allies of the shaman. While the ancient shaman's community lived into and within its own mythology, providing the context for the healing of the psyche, today's depth psychotherapist and the shaman both operate in a context lacking mythological, symbolic congruency. This lack of congruency and fragmentation disables the community, the collective container, to hold and support sustainable healing. To rebuild the bridge between the patient's Ego and the Self, they thus need to bridge the imaginal and symbolic with the patient's daily life experiences. Concretizing, in the here and now, the mythical, metaphoric, and symbolic imagery encountered by the shaman, the depth therapist, or the patient, sourced by the collective unconscious, can enable and enhance the patient's healing and recovery. Utlizing artistic-creative and hermeneutic methodology a personal account and a brief summary of ten cases studies illustrate the process of the imaginal coming into life through concrete form to enable healing and recovery. This process requires a witness or a guide and a context for the patient's expression of the inferior function and attitude enabling dialogue between the imaginal in the concrete form, the recipient, and the creator.

This thesis considers the family soul as a psychological container and
independently acting body that holds ancestral trauma, images, symptoms, and myths. A
method is suggested by which individuals can work with the family soul and the ancestral
archetype to transform inherited psychological material. Review of relevant literature
provides theoretical foundations for the theory, expounding on the work of authors such
as James Hillman, Sigmund Freud, Carl G. Jung, and others. Heuristic research
methodology is utilized to incorporate personal insights and experiences that led to my
discovery and relationship with the family soul.

Life is rhythm. Rites of passage were and still are utilized in indigenous cultures to mark and celebrate the deliberate, progressive movement of a soul through its time on earth. The drum has always been an important accompaniment to the journey and its sound echoes back to the modem psyche from time immemorial. To hear and heed its resonance is to find one's thread of individuation. It shakes and awakens the Ancient One in the bones and DNA. In a program of initiation, drumming serves as a means of engaging soul and encouraging the deep energy of the Self to come forth.
It is imperative to bring meaningful initiation rites, reflecting ancient wisdom, to bear in service of present-day youth, for youth and society are at a crossroads. This thesis examines the import of drumming and rites of passage for adolescent males through a qualitative, hermeneutic study of mythological, archetypal, and ethnographic aspects of rhythm and ritual. It presents an initiation program for incarcerated young males based on a rich, global, indigenous cultural inheritance. This thesis explores the possibility of creating modem rites of initiation and the positive effects. The healing power of the drum fosters the individuation path for a group of young men. Mentoring, rhythm, and ritual involving the drum help youth engage in their innate wisdom within, giving even those relegated to the sidelines of society the opportunity to live life in mythic proportions.

This production thesis utilizes a creative-artistic research methodology based on a heuristic approach to research via the memoir to explore the negative father-daughter relationship, and the resulting impact on the intra- and interpersonal life of the daughter. Specific emphasis is given to the archetypal Father underlying the personal father, the thwarting of the ego/self axis, and the development of primary defenses such as projective identification and primitive idealization. The theory of analytical psychology is used with particular emphasis on Carl G. Jung‘s theory of the negative animus. The importance of myth and metaphor as mediums within the therapeutic process are emphasized particularly their role in bringing to consciousness the introjected autonomous negative father in the attainment of healing and a more cohesive sense of self.

In the psyche, the opposites of masculine and feminine energy flow into each other together making a whole. The marriage of the two brings forth a sense of meaning, depth, and enrichment. Consciously interacting with both energies and nurturing their manifestation facilitates a sense of being that is based in universal wisdom and a kind of doing that is generative, restorative, and compassionate.
Today, estranged from these essential aspects or our psyche, our cohesive individual and collective self has become fragmented. Our emphasis on thinking has relegated the less quantifiable and predictable role of subjective feeling and meaning making to the unconscious, leaving a void that has resulted in negative compensatory behavior. In attempt to assuage the wound, we search outwards for fulfillment. Without symbols, mythology, rituals, or spirituality that mirror the needs of our soul and point back to inherent wisdom and an individuated sense of self, we are left isolated, consumed by fear, emptiness, and impotence.
Denying the fertile vastness of the feminine energy in the psyche, as well as the compassionate aspect of masculine action, we are left operating out of a wounded, one-sided masculinity immersed in shadow. Exploring the wounded experience of men evidences this. It is towards the emptiness sensed that we can turn to transcend our suffering and recover wholeness. Jungian and Buddhist psychology provides insight into how to restore this union.

This research examines past and current psychological theories surrounding grief and bereavement, particularly those related to loss during infancy. The text is also written as a means to heuristically examine my own experience of grief in response to the loss of my mother when I was an infant. Specifically, this thesis explores concepts of attachment, traumatic loss, and resiliency as well as Kübler-Ross’s Five Stages of Grief model. Viewpoints from attachment theorists Bowlby and Ainsworth are also discussed, and a depth psychological perspective is applied using Freudian and Jungian lenses. This thesis is relevant to all individuals, as loss is a universal experience of life that is endured by everyone. This work aims to benefit individuals suffering from mourning, as well as provide a better understanding of the subject to all psychotherapists—not just those in the field of grief psychotherapy.

The current state of unrest in the world politically, socially, and environmentally has contributed to an ever-rising number of individuals being impacted by traumatic events. While a vast arsenal of research and literature has developed around the relatively new Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder diagnosis, the clinical applications have largely neglected to address the unique needs of trauma survivors, which are often largely existential in nature. Utilizing heuristic and alchemical hermeneutic research methodologies, an exploration of the current symptom picture and clinical interventions will be juxtaposed with the author’s personal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder experience, based on firsthand experiences of the terrorist attacks of 9/11, as well as the intuition and unconscious material that arose during the undertaking of this research. The need for clinicians to consider additional soul and psyche symptoms in tandem with traditional diagnostic criteria for PTSD is addressed, as well as possible conjunctive treatment interventions.

This thesis explores the psychological impact of immigration on children. The author‘s creative project is a children‘s story that documents her experience of migration to the United States and her acculturation process. This autobiographical account is the foundation of the research. The methodology employed is a combination of heuristic, hermeneutic, and artistic-creative. Literature from the social sciences reveals that the immigration process is a transformative experience that profoundly affects a child‘s psychological and emotional development. Acculturative stress is compounded by grief from the loss of homeland, community, and cultural identity. This tumultuous experience can create trauma that disrupts the child‘s development and has long-term effects on psychological functioning. Providing support to facilitate immigrant children‘s process of mourning for what is lost, acknowledging their cultural roots, and helping them establish a bicultural identity can provide a buffer to stress and assist them in acculturating in a healthy way.

Many people fear change. Given that change is necessary to create and sustain life, fear of change is as peculiar as fear of breathing. Yet the fear of change is a powerful phenomenon that deeply affects lives and therapeutic treatments. This thesis explores the fear of change through the lens of Depth psychology and archetypes. The archetypes explored, using a heuristic approach, are: Trickster, Death, Temperance, Devil, and the Tower. Specifically, the kind of change examined is deep psychological change that is made by choice. That is, why we are afraid to change our lives for the better? This thesis attempts to understand the archetypal ingredients of change in hopes this will, in turn, facilitate how to consciously live with the fear of change.

A rebel is an image of oppositional tension in the Western imagination. This image demonstrates the struggle and journey of humanity's relationship with consciousness and unconsciousness. Magnifying a rebel image is an attempt to acknowledge and validate the psychological oppositional tension that seems to threaten to tear apart the psychotherapist and client of psychotherapy intrapersonally and interpersonally.
The experience of being torn apart may be a fundamental aspect of human experience that is to be tolerated and even encouraged. Through becoming more familiar with the intimate aspects of a rebel image within oneself the experience of this image in others may be experienced as inherent to the process of developing meaningful relationships.
Learning to understand the oppositional tension of psychological experience may be a process in which individuals learn to accept that there is always an aspect of oneself and others that will be disintegrating an integral experience. The meaning of a rebel image may be that integration is also disintegration. In other words, to experience oneself as whole, one also has the concurrent experience of being split off from oneself.
Acknowledgement and validation of a rebel image in psychotherapy corresponds with a continuum of experiencing oppositional tension that ranges from integration to disintegration. The oppositional tension of a rebel image may be acknowledged and validated as a significant experience that demonstrates the emergence of consciousness from unconsciousness. Rejection, denial, or pathologization of a rebel image by the psychotherapist may present an obstacle to consciousness. If a psychotherapist has not come to terms with their own rebel image then they may not be able to facilitate the process of validating oppositional tension for their client.
A hermeneutical interpretation of theories of developmental psychology, depth psychology, and self-righteousness attempt to explain how consciousness is split. The Hebrew myth of evil and the Greek myth of Prometheus demonstrate the evolution of a disintegrated and an integrated rebel image in the Western imagination. Understanding the cultural inheritance of the Western imagination with respect to a rebel image may be of use to individuals who are at any stage in life of disintegration and integration.

People with multiple identities in terms of race, gender, sex, and sexuality
struggle to become comfortable with their identity. This struggle is intensified by a
society that focuses on binary identity and expects individual integration and wholeness.
Utilizing heuristic methodology, the author shares her experience of exploring liminality
and psychological wholeness and their effects on the understanding of her identity as a
biracial woman. Readings of the literature attend to studies of multiracial identity
development, various forms of liminal states, and a psychological perspective that
embraces multiplicity. The research indicates that liminality is a common experience for
individuals who struggle with multiple identities. By embracing liminality and
discovering others with similar struggles, these individuals can develop a positive
understanding of their identities and can at least be seen and appreciated in all their
complexity by society at large.

My intention is to tell the story of a descent into the underworld without fear in the telling as I struggle to stay above ground. Pretending the Dark Mother does not exist in me is a story and examination of a visitation, a seduction, an overtaking by the Great Devourer. The fight to integrate the Dark Mother and the Great Devourer into my individuated self in order to enhance my growth and wholeness is the nature of my journey, my academic inquiry, and the tale I tell in the form of memoir. Through my experience with postpartum depression and the creation of this production thesis, I grapple with the questions of who is the Dark Mother in myth, archetype, and culture? How can this energy be harnessed and negotiated through wrestling with the self?
June Singer, a Jungian analyst and one of the first women to write eloquently about The Great Mother and her counterpart, The Dark Mother, said in her book, Boundaries of the Soul (1972),
The Great Mother is an archetypal image. She is the terrible female whose awesome power looms over the child—boy or girl-she knows all there is to know and from her everything must be learned-she metes out punishment or affection according to her own unfathomable laws, she has control over life and death through giving nourishment or withholding it, through inflicting pain or offering comfort and healing. (p. 112)

This thesis works to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the various forms of nostalgia by utilizing a hermeneutic methodology. In reviewing both the psychodynamic literature and empirical research on nostalgia, this thesis identifies three forms of nostalgia: pathological nostalgia that causes debilitating negative affect, pathological nostalgia that performs defensive screen functions, and prototypical nostalgia that performs beneficial functions. This thesis also provides an overview of Heinz Kohut’s theoretical model and reinterprets the different forms of nostalgia through the lens of this theory. Findings suggest that the two pathological forms of nostalgia may stem from early trauma, which interrupts the development of the self, and that prototypical nostalgia may be dependent upon a well-integrated self and could contribute to the further development of the self. Finally, Kohut’s therapeutic process could be utilized to help clients move from pathological nostalgia to prototypical nostalgia.

This paper explores evidence that Euro-Western designs of psychology are founded on a model that is culturally biased, failing in historical references and textbooks to acknowledge and give credit to earlier teachings of psychology from Eastern religions. The history of Euro-Western cultural bias in the development of the field of psychology has led to the exploitive importation of Buddhist practices without recognition or adequate understanding of Buddhist psychological theory. The author spent 6 years as a monastic and over 23 years teaching and practicing samatha and vipassana forms of meditation. Using ethnographic and hermeneutic research methodologies, this thesis demonstrates that Buddhist theory constitutes the historical origins of psychology, containing teachings that predate, yet parallel, modern Western psychology. This research also contributes to a discussion of the value of decolonizing Western approaches to psychology and understanding Buddha's psychological theory as it pertains to meditation and mindfulness practices.

This thesis concerns itself with the crisis of symbolism in contemporary America and the impact this has on the collective and individual American in the 21st century. The research is rooted in the perspective of Jungian philosophy and tradition, and is presented through hermeneutic methodology. This thesis explains why symbols are important in creating consciousness, viewpoints of Jungian analysts about a crisis of symbolism, the role of nothingness as a contemporary anti-symbol symbol, and the way the lack of symbolism plays out in collective American symptomology. This thesis reaches the conclusion that Americans have effectively eliminated meaningful symbols and have entered a post-deconstructionist era in order to allow space in which to create new, more meaningful symbols. The role of the contemporary depth psychologists is to remind their patients of their part in participating in symbol making as a participation in the psychological health of society as a whole.

This production thesis focuses on using cuentos and dichos in depth psychotherapy as a tool for providing more culturally responsive therapy to Hispanos from New Mexico. It is an expansion of Cuento Therapy, designed by Giuseppe Costantino, Robert Malgady, and Lloyd Rogler. Hispanos were chosen as the target population in order to acknowledge the important distinctions of groups lumped under generic terms such as "Hispanic" and "Latino." The production portion of this thesis is a DVD with a series of interviews with New Mexicans from various disciplines who spoke to the multiple aspects of this thesis. The participants included storytellers, educators, traditional healers, and clinicians speaking on the use and power of cuentos and dichos to aid in the healing process as defined by changes in behaviors, attitudes, and perspectives. The research methodology is a qualitative, phenomenological study incorporating interviews and the exploration of cuentos and dichos as a tool for culturally responsive depth psychotherapy. The outcome is a multidimensional perspective on the use and application of cuentos and dichos in psychotherapy with Hispanos.

This thesis explores the potential for soul-making in the prison violence prevention program known as GRIP - an acronym for Guiding Rage into Power. The author utilizes hermeneutic methodology to explore the meaning and evolution of the concept of soul-making within the literature of depth psychology. Using heuristic methodology, the author then analyzes what he perceived to be a profound demonstration of soul-making among the members of the GRIP prison group he cofacilitated. The findings indicate that by combining a downward move into the underworld of emotional woundedness and psychopathology with a vertical orientation that includes contact with ego-transcendent archetypal energies, the inmates participating in the GRIP program had an opportunity for deep healing and genuine soul-making.

Twins represent an archetype of uniqueness and duality in ancient and contemporary societies. This thesis utilizes hermeneutic and heuristic research methodologies to explore how pairs of identical and fraternal twins attach and connect to their primary caregivers. The author’s hypothesis is that twins are more likely to develop insecure attachments than singletons. The author uses personal experiences and draws from world mythology, literature, and research within the fields of twin psychology and attachment theory in order to understand the phenomenon of the twin-context—that is, the unique experience of parallel development alongside one’s twin while sharing a caretaker. What is found is that a twin’s sense of self and ability to connect to others is highly correlated with the mother’s attachment style, and that twins do not necessarily develop insecure attachment styles based solely upon the twin-context.

This thesis explores the possibilities of reconnecting to one's instinctual aspect of self through a re-immersion into nature and whether this can lead to some type of healing and possibly a more meaningful existence for the individual. Through the use of heuristic methodology, the author uses her own experience as data and reports the findings of this data. Her previous experiences of being immersed in nature are recounted to indicate how the topic emerged for her and formed the questions that she explores in this thesis. She outlines the processes of heuristic research in which she engaged throughout this process. The final thesis is a creative synthesis of the illuminations gained from the exploration of the author's unique relationship to nature and culled from the nature of the meaning she discovered in relation to her own life.

In this qualitative phenomenological study, the experience of anxiety,
compulsive busyness, addictive behaviors, and trauma was explored. Compulsive
busyness may be a psychological defense mechanism that developed to help an
individual avoid feeling the anxiety and depression associated with earlier childhood
trauma. This study explored the connection between compulsive busyness and
addictive behaviors in six women with a history of childhood trauma. The participants
described times in their lives when they experienced a life style in which they were
constantly busy. This study is a retelling of these women’s history of trauma with an
eye toward connecting the trauma to addiction and compulsive busyness. The findings
indicated that compulsive busyness was used as a way to avoid the feelings of anxiety
and depression associated with childhood trauma. The connection between
compulsive busyness and addictive behaviors was inconclusive and would require
more research.

The archetypal feminine has developed over the past 7000 years since the Sumerian goddess Inanna’s era. This thesis uses the hermeneutic method to trace the evolution of the feminine through the myth of Inanna to the myth of Psyche and Amor and to the contemporary novel manuscript, Sofia in Broken Time (included as the Appendix), written for this thesis. Objectified and trapped by the collective at the outset of their journeys into the unknown, these women underwent unplanned initiation. They survived only with the aid of helpers. They returned more fully integrated, their lives changed forever. I examine the following mythic motifs and find commonalities between the mythic characters and modern Sofia: a descent, initiation, helpers, awakening through the shadow, deathlike states, incubation, and integration. Differences are whether the female characters integrate the archetypal masculine or the feminine, and whether true union or coniunctio with another manifests as the women differentiate within. Sofia represents theevolution of the archetypal feminine living in modern Western times.

What meaning can be found in the darkness that lies beneath the appearances of the daytime persona? Those very aspects that many people call evil, those behaviors considered the seven deadly sins, can become one's friends and can be of value when approached in the right manner. It is only when one learns who the authentic self is, the self that includes the shadow underneath the persona that is projected into the world, that one can move more constructively towards integration, wholeness, and happiness. This paper examines the role of the negative side of the personality, called the shadow, and examines the process of befriending the shadow, through awareness and the integration of some of its dark aspects into conscious awareness. Self-awareness can balance the dark and light sides of the personality. Integrating the shadow can aid the therapist, client, and individual in living a more balanced life.
For every good aspect or light side of the personality there is a corresponding bad aspect or dark side. Knowing the qualities of the unseen leads the individual to greater authenticity and a fuller range of potential. This thesis is a qualitative and heuristic investigation that examines a well-known fairy tale and a personal reflection of the journey of mid-life. It focuses on the greater integration and individuation that one may experience in the second stage of life when one focuses on being more conscious and aware through engaging the whole personality, including both the dark and light aspects.

This thesis explores how sound might be understood as image from a depth psychological perspective. Images, whether they are retrieved from memory, from dreams, or from daily experiences, have an immediacy that directly connects the therapist to the client’s experience, offering a direct point of entry to the client’s narrative. Sound images are considered to facilitate the connection to soul by penetrating beyond our psychological experience, carrying with them a resonant vibration that enters the body internally and externally. However, images that appear in the form of sound are often overlooked by both therapists and their clients. A hermeneutic approach was used to explore sound images. Clinical applications for working with sound images are discussed using several approaches within a Jungian framework. Therapeutic interventions from the imaginal approach (Hillman, 2004), the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (GIM) (Bonny, 1978), and Process Oriented Psychology (Mindell, 1985) are described to facilitate hearing the echoes that resonate deep within the psyche.

Creativity is a natural process in response to conflicts inherent in human
experience and is considered central to the engagement of consciousness with the
unconscious. The creative process is also an experiential journey for those engaged in the
creative work and the work product can become a symbol concurrently representing both
their origin in the artist and a detached uniqueness. As such, creative work takes on both
specific and transcending aspects of the human experience including the striving for
wholeness.

This production thesis employs a creative/artistic and heuristic methodology,
presenting an exploration of both theoretical perspectives and a set of the author’s
creative productions that arose during a period of significant upheaval at midlife. In an
attempt to characterize the nature and role of creative activity in the process of adjusting
to change, the creative process is reviewed both from a psychoanalytical perspective in
published literature and from personal experience.

As people age in the second half of life, the body often experiences some challenges mentally and physically. Using a heuristic and hermeneutic approach to qualitative research, this thesis examines how aging individuals can be assisted in their process of individuation so that they can determine for themselves what constitutes successful aging. Literature related to this topic was examined, as were the personal aging-related experiences of the author. Using a depth perspective, this research found that successful aging is individualized. In addition, it was found that undergoing a successful psychological transition and staying connected to community and loved ones allows aging individuals to resist ageism and stereotypes and find renewed meaning, goals, and values. The findings emphasize the need for community programs, based on suggestions by elders, that enable aging individuals to maintain connections with others of their age.

This research examines how symbolic expression in the form of written
autobiographical stories, dream images, and original art can heal the survivor of complex
childhood trauma. Chronic neglect, witnessing and/or experiencing physical and sexual
abuse, systematic humiliation, or other terrorizing experiences can lead to psychic
fragmentation, disruptions in memory, and other adaptations that can cause lifelong
suffering and functional impairment. These trauma sequelae concern psychotherapists
and other professionals who treat survivors. Included is a discussion of attachment
theory, brain development, memory, and other psychological experiences endured by
childhood trauma survivors. Presented is the author’s artistic, phenomenological, and
hermeneutic engagement with healing such trauma through depth psychology,
psychotherapy, and symbolic artistic representations including memoir. There is a focus
on the importance of rebuilding self through the piecing together of coherent
autobiographical narrative. It includes coverage of stages of recovery and various
treatment approaches including EMDR, art therapy, and Jungian dreamwork.

This phenomenological research uses to self-psychology and self-object theory to
present a model of effective therapy with delinquent, gang-involved, Mexican-American
adolescent males. Factors related to working with this population include themes of
adolescent development, initiation, mentorship, persona formation, and fatalism; different
types of gang involvement; and sexual assault in juvenile detention facilities.
Mexican-American teenage boys may have inadequate self-objects because of United
States gender expectations, acculturation stress and the loss of protective factors of
culture. Inadequate primary self-object experiences can result in narcissistic rage,
violence and group conformity. Self-psychological informed therapy relies on empathy
and empathic attunement. The goal of therapy is not to be emotionally corrective, but
rather to allow for transmuting internalization through optimal frustrations and
therapeutic disruption. This growth will result in new structures of the self, including
compensatory structures. Additionally, therapists conducting cross-cultural therapy must
be aware of their biases.

Resilience is demonstrated as a phenomenon that occurs in any individual who has overcome great adversity. One question that may be asked about resilience is if it is innate within an individual or rather a learned response—the age-old question of nature versus nurture. Utilizing heuristic and qualitative research methodology, this work is an empirical study of resilience combining a review of the literature of clinical psychology, the author‟s clinical work with clients within a depth psychology perspective, and the author‟s personal story and life experiences. The goal of this investigation is to shed light on the source of resilience within a person. What emerges from this study is that resilience is experienced by individuals across many different cultures and socioeconomic levels and is derived from both nature and nurture.

Embodying the archetype of the wounded healer, the mythological figure of the Centaur, Chiron, can serve as an amplification of the individuation process described by Carl G. Jung. This thesis provides, through a depth psychological lens, an understanding of the Wounded Healer archetype and its ramifications for psychotherapists, clients, and the therapeutic process. Chiron's journey towards healing parallels the individuation process towards whole-making. Throughout this journey, archetypal themes of wounding, pain and suffering, and death and rebirth are encountered. Providing an exploration of these archetypes and archetypal themes are literary sources from the fields of mythology, depth psychology, and astrology. The myth of Chiron enhances an understanding of key concepts to the individuation process, such as reconciliation of opposites, integration of unconscious content, and discovery of the Self.
Mere physical existence in the world subjects one to wounding experiences, be they physical, emotional, psychological, or spiritual. Learning how to approach and attend one's wounds serves as an important tool not only in the personal realm, but in the collective realm as well. Chiron can function as a companion and guide on this journey of healing and can offer one gifts that would have not otherwise have been accessed. This understanding has implications for counseling therapists as they facilitate the therapeutic process and help their clients navigate through these wounding and healing terrains.

A necessary component to 12-step recovery is the acquisition and utilization of a power greater than oneself, often referred to as God. The process of relying on a power greater than oneself is highly ambiguous and can be a source of great discomfort for people who belong to 12-step fellowships. Readings of the literature suggest that although many have found a personal God within the fellowships offered by the 12-step modality, others have directly refuted the necessity of finding a higher power to recover from addictive illnesses. The road to God is a personal journey, whether within the context of a 12-step fellowship or not. Using heuristic research, this thesis traces a firsthand account of recovery from addictive illness and the acquirement of a power greater than self. It is through the process of understanding and relating to personal stories of recovery that others can gain insight and find a path to God.

This thesis explores the connection between mythology, fairytales, and the human psyche and demonstrates how archetypal stories may help people find meaning, direction, and fulfillment in their lives. Grounded in a depth psychological perspective and utilizing a hermeneutic approach, this thesis maps the human psyche, explains the process of ideal psychological development, and illustrates how archetypal stories relate to the human journey. With this hermeneutic analysis as a foundation, the author focuses on a fairytale that has had personal significance to her, Hans Christian Andersen’s The Little Mermaid. Providing an in-depth psychological interpretation of the fairytale and utilizing a heuristic approach that incorporates the author’s personal experiences, this research indicates how fairytales can help one on the path toward self-realization. As a contribution to the fields of counseling and depth psychology, the author also describes how mythology, fairytales, and other archetypal stories may be used in the psychotherapeutic setting.

Motivational Interviewing (MI) has offered an alternative to the aggressive
confrontational methods historically used in addiction counseling. Utilizing a clientcentered,
reflective approach, the counselor using MI seeks to help a client resolve
normal ambivalence by weighing the pros and cons of continued substance use in a
decisional balance. William Miller and Stephen Rollnick (1991), the original developers
of MI, warn against a naïve application of this strategy: clients cannot be expected to
“proceed like accountants” (p. 41) toward rational choices, as the elements in the balance
do not necessarily carry equal weight. Utilizing a hermeneutic methodology, the author
applies the insights of depth psychology to illuminate the elements in the balance. When
the non-rational elements in the balance are understood, the counselor or therapist can use
this knowledge to build rapport at depth and support the substance user out of addictive
use.

This thesis sheds light on the existential question: Why is the path of the evolution of consciousness so fraught with pain and suffering? A qualitative hermeneutic analysis is employed along with a synthesis of a range of existing models of consciousness evolution, from those proposed by developmental theorists to those embraced by Eastern Mystical and Western Esoteric traditions, with the aim of finding a common thread among them. The thesis incorporates a comparative study of various source materials (relying heavily on the work of Ken Wilber, Carl Jung, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Jean Gebser, Jean Piaget, Erich Neumann, Thom Knoles, and Richard Tarnas), and attempts to place their various works in dialogue with one another, arriving at, ultimately, a conclusion about what Jung meant when he famously asserted: “One must be able suffer God.”

Digital applications and devices have become globally ubiquitous in the current digital age. By exploring the psychological shadow of the digital age, this thesis will investigate how abuse and obsession have developed into process addictions. Seeking information or relationships online has become a seductive incentive for computer users to spend an increasing amount of time on the computer. This thesis will consider how digital addiction affects the psychology of those addicted as well as their friends and relatives. By means of utilizing a heuristic methodology, the author uses the experiences of herself and others to identify signs and symptoms of digital addiction. The aim of this thesis is to study how imaginal work and the integration of metaphor plays a role in psychological healing, and thus may begin to answer the question of what an individual is seeking online.

This thesis considers the contribution of crying to psychological healing and the conditions under which this occurs. Concepts and ideas from various theoretical traditions in psychology are reviewed to understand and explain the author's inadvertent discovery that crying could be used in a conscious or volitional way to relieve the emotional distress of minor neuroses. Traditional research on crying concludes that crying does not necessarily result in emotional relief; however, the conclusion of this heuristic study is that crying consciously and focusing intently on the ensuing body sensations can bring one into contact with the unconscious and can be a numinous experience. Conscious crying can thus be used as a method for psychological healing, transformation, and individuation. A Conscious Crying Protocol is proposed for use by therapists in clinical practice as a tool to treat minor neuroses in clients and to address therapist countertransference.

Scapegoating is an unconscious group process that has driven human behavior for
millennia. It is a destructive force that may lie at the core of many global crises, including
racism, poverty, environmental devastation and war. This thesis poses the question of
why groups fall so readily into scapegoating and how they can move beyond this
behavior. The scapegoat’s process of individuation is also examined. Artistic-creative
methodology is employed, through a short story called “Crystals,” which chronicles a
corporate executive who breaks multiple taboos. Using hermeneutic methodology,
“Crystals” is then analyzed through the lenses of depth psychology and organizational
psychology. The thesis concludes that, while the scapegoating mechanism is a reflexive
group behavior that constitutes a powerful archetypal force, the culture stands at a
crossroads where new technologies, such as online social networking, offer the
opportunity for groups to choose a different archetype and to move beyond scapegoating.

This thesis demonstrates how using Jungian-based dream work assists a woman to engage a negative animus figure as a Trickster–guide who can aid her in the individuation process. A series of dreams is used as an example of how a therapist might work with a female client to understand her own dream language and so enter a related relationship with her animus to restore wholeness. In the early 20th century C. G. Jung proposed the existence of two contrasexual archetypes in the unconscious: the Eros-aligned anima in men’s psyches and the Logos-aligned animus in women’s. In dreams the animus usually takes male form, and can appear as either a positive or negative figure. This thesis reinterprets the negative animus through the lens of the Trickster archetype using heuristics, traditional and alchemical hermeneutics, and phenomenology, together with the theories of both the classical and archetypal Jungian schools.

Menarche and menopause historically maintain an insignificant and shameful position in Western consciousness. The psychological significance of this transformation remains somewhat of a mystery in a culture that has eschewed the feminine principle. The physical and emotional changes accompanying these blood passages may carry with them a sense of loss and creative renewal. This paper will employ a depth psychological perspective to identify the synchronistic symptoms experienced at menarche and menopause and their unconscious invitation for archetypes to take symbolic form through nature, myth, and fairy tale. Patriarchal behaviors will also be implicated contributing to an abandonment of the feminine by Western culture.
The concept of the horse as an archetypal image, unconsciously chosen to fulfill the feminine rite of passage rituals lacking in the Western culture, will be examined. This concept will be further entertained as an explanation for the mystery of why girls and women make up the majority of participants in all horse-related activities in the United States. As a way of illuminating the intuitive, mirroring, and healing capacities of the horse, the author shares her personal journey of self-discovery through an equine relationship as well as similar feminine storylines captured through qualitative research.

This thesis explores the influences that affect Hispanic adolescent delinquency. By looking at the history, culture, myths, research in brain development, and the adolescent’s own interpretations, this work proposes clinical applications for working with this population that are rooted in depth psychology. Using a hermeneutic methodology, interpretations through the lens of depth psychology of the language that is utilized by the adolescent delinquent are investigated. That language can be used to strengthen the therapeutic alliance and interventions. There are direct archetypal relationships between Mesoamerican/pre-Columbian native philosophies and  Hispanic adolescent delinquency; relationships between the Mayan ballgame and sacrifice in gang activity, the Virgin of Guadalupe and male female relationships, and ancestral connections to the land and the love of the hood.

Depression is a human condition that has been known as melancholy since the ancient time of Hippocrates. Although it has received a stigma throughout history, it is important to view mild and moderate depression today as a natural human condition with positive attributes. Through the imperative empathic initiatives and treatment of psychotherapy, depression can be regarded as an insightful time of recognition for those individuals who educate others and become more knowledgeable about its valuable place in life. Individuals with depression can implement various palliative measures while the professional healthcare community continues research to validate the essential moral and spiritual balance that depression can provide. This thesis examines how depression is defined historically, what it is diagnostically, how the word melancholy changed to the word depression, two kinds of depression, endogenous and exogenous, treatment modalities and brain chemistry. Heuristic research methodology is used through which the researcher experiences a process of internal searching, and discovers the meaning and nature of depression thereby developing methods for further investigation, analysis, and research.

This qualitative thesis uses a hermeneutic research methodology to explore the Jungian theoretical concept of individuation as a way to transform negative aspects  of the critic archetype by answering the question: How can a depth psychological  analysis of the critic archetype contribute to the treatment of mental health problems  caused by severe criticism? The critic is an important function of the psyche’s  self-regulatory system; however, through psychological trauma and other factors,  the critic can become a painful source of punishment, shame, and guilt. In addressing the critic’s archetypal pattern, therapists become cognizant of how it influences themselves, their clients, and the therapeutic relationship. Three fairy tales are examined: Adam and Eve and the Tree of Knowledge and the psychic origins of the critic;The Glass Slipper and the relationship between critic and superego; and The Ugly Duckling and mass psychology as  evidenced in prejudice toward others.

This thesis explores Spanish Christian mystic John of the Cross's concept of the dark night of the soul as a process of conscious suffering that leads to empowerment, meaning in life, and enhanced wholeness. In addition, this thesis considers depth psychological concepts of individuation and Self, and the depth psychological notions of the teleological function of suffering and conscious suffering in relation to the dark night of the soul. The work of C. G. lung, James Hillman, Thomas Moore, James Hollis, and Barbara Sullivan, among others, is considered. Using heuristic methodology, this thesis presents the story of the author's personal experience in the darkness to illustrate how conscious suffering leads to personal transformation. Finally, the author provides a guideline for therapists working with clients who are experiencing a dark night of the soul.

This production thesis examines the therapeutic value of telling one's story. The primary vehicle of exploration is the presentation of the author's own memoir, which relates her spiritual journey while attending a ten-day silent V ipassana meditation retreat. In it, the author draws on key learnings from her personal experience with insight meditation as well as psychotherapy, Buddhism, and positive psychology. A review of relevant depth psychological literature reveals how valuable self-disclosure through the writing of a memoir has been to a number of great thinkers in the field, and highlights the potential benefit of narrative writing as a clinical tool. Memoir writing not only empowers individuals to speak their truth, but also invites witnesses to validate this truth. As with psychotherapy, memoir writing can provide clients with a mechanism for working through old traumas and a way to be seen for who they truly are, both of which help illuminate the path to personal growth.

//The Crystal Kit: Tending the Unconscious// is a production thesis. The research methodology used for this thesis is hermeneutic and phenomenological. The goal of //The Crystal Ki//t (Foxx, 2009) that was created for this thesis is to provide individuals with a tool to access renewal and activate self-healing. //The Crystal Kit// was designed to increase the flow of psychic energy by engaging the unconscious through a ritual of repose, and through the symbol of crystal. The thesis includes the findings of a phenomenological study conducted with six people who participated in an experiment with //The Crystal Kit//.
The review of literature substantiates the connection between the production and depth psychology. The foundation for this thesis includes a study of the transcendent function, established by Carl G. Jung (1997) and developed by his successors. In this paper, two ancient systems of self-healing are considered: the chakra system, the Eastern system of psychic regulation recognized by Jung (1996) in his 1932 seminars on //The Psychology of Kundalini Yoga//, and the Greek ritual of dream incubation, explored by C. A. Meier (1985/1989), co-founder of the C. G. Jung Institute in Zurich. The thesis also examines the use of crystal as container for the unconscious, archetypal symbol, and concrete tool for increasing the flow of psychic energy and discusses the contribution of the study and production to the field of depth psychology.
*The electronic copy of this thesis is on a single disc containing a single PDF file which can be opened with Adobe Acrobat Reader.

This production thesis utilizes creative and heuristic approaches in proposing the value of working constructively with daimonic energy for the benefit of personal development. Influenced by Carl G. Jung, James Hillman, Erich Neumann, and other pioneers in the field of depth psychology, the author presents his personal experience of psychological development via the creative use of psychic energy, as illuminated by the myth of the daimon. An original video production demonstrates creative expression informed and inspired by a willful engagement with this energy.

Using heuristic and artistic-creative research methodology, this production thesis
is an effort to delve into the place great artists can bring us to through their lives and art.
My film, the production portion of this thesis, is a personal reflection of that effort. The
film illustrates what may be activated when one goes into one’s own “home,” led to this
place by these artists, using the body and the material world as the beginning and end of
the journey.

This thesis contends that great artists delve, both consciously and unconsciously,
into their own and the culture’s darkness in an effort to inspire transformation within the
culture. In this way, these “transformational” artists convey the very essence of humanity
to people; they bring people home, back to their human selves so that they may move
forward from that creative ground.

The art of copper etching is a bridge and therapeutic process that has helped me to unite the inner world of my unconscious to alchemical metaphor and the archetypal symbolism of Christ. Throughout this thesis and the illuminating process of the etchings, I have created an inner dialogue with my psyche that has been a transformative healing process linking ego to Self on the path of individuation. The thesis is grounded in depth psychological theory; the subject matter includes archetypal imagery, alchemical imagery, dreams, and active imagination, all of which help point to a path whereupon the soul may unfold. The artistic-creative and heuristic methodological approaches used have deepened and illuminated both my personal loss and the collective loss of a current mythos. The author’s hope is that this thesis will be beneficial in facilitating clients on their journey of individuation, and thus inner freedom from psychological neurosis.

Adolescents and adults who outspokenly choose to listen to the music, embrace the imagery, and wear the clothes reflective of the Goth lifestyle are often pathologized and assumed to be troubled or depressed, wounded souls who need to be "fixed." While a certain melancholic tendency may be present in many Goths, the personality of the typical Goth-rocker is simply more sensitive, humorous, and introspective than the stereotype of he or she being clinically depressed. The average Goth bears no resemblance to the mentally ill individuals (such as the Columbine killers), who have been lumped into the category by an ignorant media, and is more interested in art and beauty than in angry mayhem. The morbid imagery and dark themes inherent to the Goth world are reflective of a larger philosophical pattern noted throughout history, from the Byronic hero to the works of Edgar Allen Poe. In this thesis, the research methodology is phenomenological (or based on interviews with those close to the Goth scene) as well as heuristic, in the sense that it is based on autobiographical material with a strong personal resonance. The deeper meaning of the Goth experience must be understood to avoid pathologizing those who choose this path.

This production thesis utilizes artistic-creative and heuristic methodologies along with an organic inquiry in exploring expression of and dialogue with images as a therapeutic method of healing and restoring soul. Specifically, accessing the unconscious by working with images facilitates the reintegration of fragmented parts of self, thereby restoring the soul/psyche loss that occurs during trauma dissociation. Influenced by Jungian, depth, and archetypal theory as well as expressive arts therapy, the author presents her personal work and engages in interactive and intuitive dialogue with energetic images arising from experiences during graduate studies. The production, 53 original drawings and one sculpture, informs depth psychology through the author's access to the mundus imaginalis, in the realm of the world of the soul, through dialoguing with images as a way of healing from traumatic dissociation. This image-based depth psychological method is informative for mental health clinicians working with trauma survivors.

From the perspectives of feng shui, depth psychology, self-psychology, environmental psychology, and developmental psychology, this production thesis examines the relationship between a teen’s psyche and his or her bedroom with the objects it contains. The lack of literature on feng shui for adolescents prompted this examination of the need for deeper integration between one’s inner and outer environment. A view of teenagers’ bedrooms contributes to understanding unconscious aspects of their psyches in development. The bedroom is viewed as a therapeutic, healing container for examining the symbolic marriage between the contents and teens’ psyches. The symbiotic relationship between space and mind is addressed. Using heuristic, phenomenological and artistic-creative methodologies, this production thesis recounts the author’s research for her book, Fun Shway: A Teen’s Guide for Getting the Messy Out of Your Room and Mind (Freylekhman, 2011). Excerpts from the book are provided along with examination of bedroom makeovers performed with two participants.

This thesis investigates the effects of suicide survivorship for children who have experienced the death of a parent by suicide. Using heuristic research methodology, the author‟s personal account of parental suicide is explored, along with qualitative and quantitative research findings from the field of suicidology and psychological literature on parental suicide. Common grief reactions, conceptualizations of death, and bereavement needs are identified for children affected by parental suicide. Risk factors for children in this population are enumerated, including the following: increased levels of suicidality and self-destructiveness, complicated grief, feelings of anger and abandonment, depression, social withdrawal, and substance use. Implications for clinical work with this population are explored, along with empirically-supported interventions and treatment options. Specific therapeutic modalities are described and key factors in bereavement work for child survivors of parental suicide are outlined. Finally, gaps in the literature and potential areas for future research are identified.

This thesis take a heuristic approach in examining the role of the persona as a tool for healing beyond the diagnostic function that it is typically assigned. In this work, persona is viewed as a concretized form of the archetypal dance. The psyche is considered an alchemical instrument, and the persona is understood to be an integral part of the process of alchemy. In a relatively psychologically healthy individual, the personality is understood to be composed of multiple archetypes in communication and integrated with one another. The Buddhist practice of Chöd is explored as a means to reintegrate disowned archetypal aspects of the persona, which can lead to psychological growth in the individual. The concepts and principles upon which this thesis is based are explored both through existing theory and with an artistic-creative methodology that illustrates personal psychological growth.

This thesis explores the tabooing of touch within psychotherapy as symbolic of a disconnected culture. The impact of a paradigm of separation that has pitted the body against the mind, humans against nature, and defined matter as distinct from spirit is assessed. A psychotherapy that ignores the body loses a significant resource for healing and also colludes with forces of division that contribute to mental disease. Hermeneutic methodology is used to integrate information from different genres, paralleling the process of integration involved in healing. A paradigm of touch is introduced as means to transform broken logic systems, draw in the wisdom of the body, and create a foundation for the development of hands-on therapeutic techniques within psychotherapy. Examples are given in reading Autism and Borderline Personality Disorder within a depth psychological somatic frame, demonstrating how psychology would be served by an integrated, embodied approach.

Any number of unconscious beliefs can affect a woman’s capacity for sexual
intimacy. In particular, this thesis is concerned with those powerful unconscious attitudes
born out of being woman and feminine in a culture that has historically denigrated both.
Using heuristic methodology situated within depth psychological theory, this research
considers how a woman’s relationship to the archetypal feminine might affect her
capacity for sexual intimacy within the container of marriage or long-term committed
relationship. Relevant depth psychological, historical, and cultural literature is reviewed
and applied to the author’s personal experience and subjective responses. This study
explores instances of internalized sexism as a real phenomenon that disturbs a woman’s
capacity for sexual intimacy. Through a renewed relationship to the archetypal Feminine,
a woman can address these unconscious beliefs, transforming her relationship to her
partner, her sense of herself as a sexual being, and ultimately her self.

Any number of unconscious beliefs can affect a woman’s capacity for sexual intimacy. In particular, this thesis is concerned with those powerful unconscious attitudes born out of being woman and feminine in a culture that has historically denigrated both. Using heuristic methodology situated within depth psychological theory, this research considers how a woman’s relationship to the archetypal feminine might affect her capacity for sexual intimacy within the container of marriage or long-term committed relationship. Relevant depth psychological, historical, and cultural literature is reviewed and applied to the author’s personal experience and subjective responses. This study explores instances of internalized sexism as a real phenomenon that disturbs a woman’s capacity for sexual intimacy. Through a renewed relationship to the archetypal Feminine, a woman can address these unconscious beliefs, transforming her relationship to her partner, her sense of herself as a sexual being, and ultimately her self.

This thesis describes the correlation between the psychological effects of learning disabilities and a subsequent diminished sense of self-worth. The use of mythopoetic analysis is explored as a means of connecting the psychotherapy client with an ancestral lineage that has shared similar psychological and emotional battles. The nature of myth is examined from the perspective of depth psychology with a focus on the impact of utilizing myths and fairy tales in therapy. As a production thesis utilizing artistic-creative and heuristic methodologies, it recounts the author’s experience in retelling his story as a fairy tale. This mythological conveyance of personal achievement is included as an appendix. A mythopoetic analysis of the tale and documentation of its use with a group of learning-disabled teens demonstrates its value not only in the therapeutic process but also for the writer. The healing effect of utilizing mythology is described, and clinical applications of mythopoetic analysis are discussed

The relational dynamics between perpetrators and victims of child sexual abuse are rarely discussed. Reviewing the corpus of literature on molestation, and aggregating heuristic inquiry and clinical work, the author investigates in depth the  connective, and therefore erotic, psychodynamics of child sexual abuse. The result  is a carefully woven portrait of the diverse interpersonal and intrapsychic subtleties  of these relationships, through critical psychoanalytic, feminist, sociological,  Jungian, mythopoetic, andempirical lenses; and the proposition of an expansive  vision beyond understanding, toward collective healing and prevention.  Rather than by erecting walls, eros’ wounds must be healed through deeper  connections with ourselves and our gruesome shadows, with monsters, and with the seemingly hopeless. Love’s rope is a chain.

Guru-disciple relationships have occurred in human societies prior to recorded history, and their preserved contemporary presence within Eastern traditions presents potential therapeutic paradigms for the enhancement of Western therapist- client psychotherapeutic relationships. The exploration of these sets of relationships in this thesis provides utility in achieving a psychological and spiritual balance and well-being. Through qualitative and heuristic approaches of examining both the relevant literature in the categories of history, philosophy, religions, radicalism, negative gurus, depth psychology, and transpersonal psychology, compared to the findings presented as this writer's personal accounts with traditional gurus, working as nontraditional therapists, an analysis reveals specific quantifiable traits and techniques of a guru as tools for modern therapists. A psychotherapist acting with the compassion of a guru extends unconditional love, nonjudging attitudes, and offers morally guided prescriptive action, generating a hitherto unknown agility in facilitating rapid change and personal growth for a client.

Latinos are the largest minority group in the United States today, with over 50 million people, of whom 45% are women, and growing four times faster than all other groups combined. Focusing on the difficulties of immigration and Latinas’ transition through acculturation and biculturalism, this thesis explores the minds and souls of Latinas currently at the crossroads of two cultures. Through a heuristic approach, the author presents her personal story as a Latina immigrant at the crossroads.
Social and global media, the internet, and a world economic recession have ignited a social movement that profiles and threatens Latinas’ culture and families. Hermeneutic methodology is used to study psychological and sociocultural literature and marketing research regarding the psyche of bicultural Latinas. Reviewing these studies from a depth psychological perspective provides insights useful for addressing the issues of Latinas at the crossroads and how depth psychology can better reach them.

This thesis takes its name, //Lines on Paper//, not only from the author's art that was executed on white-lined black paper but also from the written expression of the long-silenced scream that released itself from deep within the abuse of childhood. The author's childhood artifacts along with children's literature, its artists, and illustrators inspired this thesis.
Exploration of creativity and abuse is the topic of this thesis. That mental illness and suicidal despair are not caused by trauma itself, but by the inability to verbalize what happened and the interest it held for me all the way through to its revelations. This heuristic research focuses on creativity and childhood abuse and trauma. It also explores the works of analysts, psychologists, and children's book authors and illustrators regarding creativity and loss. Included is an analogous tale of //Vasalisa the Brave// and //Baba Yaga// along with the story of a creative life from early adulthood to the beginning of the masters program at Pacifica Graduate Institute. The story parallels the heroine's journey as well: a call to adventure, a mentor, and a passage through a threshold (Campbell, 2004). This adventure came with challenges, guides and allies, ordeals, temptations, frightening enemies, enduring dark nights, surviving the supreme ordeal, and finally, merging the different worlds. Throughout are included works of art made during the writing of this thesis. How does one go about retrieving a part of one's self from down a deep dark well?
*The electronic copy of this thesis is on a disc containing a single PDF file that can be opened with Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Using phenomenological methodology, this qualitative thesis explores tree images as a means of symbolic expression. Research relating to the phenomena of tree imagery is reviewed. Analysis of 37 participants' drawings of trees adds to understanding how aspects of personality can be revealed through this exercise, which promotes an additional avenue for working in the field of psychotherapy. Personal tree drawings as symbolic expression provide a creative therapeutic approach to counseling. The symbolism of trees, related folktales and stories, projective techniques, and access to unconscious material through tree drawings are explored. The tree is a universal image that translates cross-culturally, it can be used with a wide range of people. The drawing process and exploration of both personal and collective tree symbolism aid the therapeutic relationship. The image of a tree and its evocation provide the potential for a greater depth of work that allows catharsis through client symbolic expression.

Mass shootings that end in suicide at public venues such as schools have become shockingly frequent. In many cases the attackers have left communications indicating envy and bullying as the source of their angst. With healthcare becoming more universally available and the U.S. Surgeon General's focus on bullying as a national healthcare issue, the mental health community would be remiss in failing to devise models for addressing bullying behavior and its effects. Relational aggression is a particular type of bullying that relies on surreptitious gossip and the willingness of participants to accept roles of victim or bully. Using hermeneutic phenomenology, this thesis creates a depth psychological model for exploring the intrapersonal and interpersonal dynamics in relational aggression through the use of the stories of Cinderella and Arachne. The findings demonstrated how archetypal defenses maintain the bully-victim dynamic and the difficulties in and importance of perspective taking in its resolution.

This is a story of stories. It is the story of the Trickster, initially as manifested by Hermes, the God of communication, journeys, and therapy. It takes the story of Hermes and the qualities of the Trickster, and transposes them to the life and works of Jane Austen. The meaning for this in the realm of therapy is then argued and discussed. The role of the Trickster in the therapy room is described, as it can allow change to occur that could facilitate a corrective emotional experience. Also, the merit of story in the therapeutic process is examined.
The methodology applied in this thesis is theoretical. The concept of the Trickster is applied to the realm of story, specifically the stories of Jane Austen. The purpose of doing this is to change the perceptions of the Trickster as well as Jane Austen's works, and to compare them to the therapeutic process. What is discovered in this work is that there are significant analogies between the narrative of story, Jane Austen's stories to be specific, and the narrative process that is therapy. Also discussed is the importance of story for the purposes of exercising the imagination, and how the healthy imagination may better handle life's events. But most importantly, the existence of art in therapy is discovered by finding the correlations between it and works of art.

This thesis is a heuristic exploration, from a depth psychological perspective, of the relationship between shame and authentic voice for fatherless daughters living in a patriarchal culture. Literature is reviewed related to a definition of shame and understanding its etiology and psychological effects. Through a depth psychological analysis of the author's personal experience of abandonment by her father, the path toward healing shame is revealed as the capacity to be vulnerable enough to tell one's whole story in the presence of a loving and compassionate witness. This profoundly courageous act is what leads a fatherless daughter from a place of a silenced voice in the face of shame to a place of empowerment through sharing her authentic voice and moving toward psychological liberation.

Today, turning 30 marks a seminal and symbolic moment that is rarely anticipated or culturally acknowledged in a woman's life. The feelings that accompany this transition can be tantamount to those of the more established idea of the mid-life crisis - life choices are thrown into question, and a call for a greater level of introspection is experienced. In many ways, 30 now marks the beginning of adulthood in earnest. For women, turning 30 tends to mark the intersection of career momentum and the drive to procreate. 30 is a time when what women had planned for throughout their teenage years and twenties is measured against reality. Thus, this transition operates as a heightened call for compromise that is often both painful and creative. Women must negotiate between biological reality and technological possibility, between the demands of family and work, and between the lessons of history and the promises of modernity. Most of all, women at this age are often called upon to express their authentic selves in the external world.

The Mesoamerican mythology was severed at its roots during the Spanish conquest of the Americas. The mythology for the Mexican immigrant becomes even more blurred and difficult to access. The severing of culture and mythology is part of the Mexican migrant history. The loss of culture and mythology follows the immigrant as they journey into a foreign land; they can spend a lifetime recuperating the loss of language, culture, people, and self. The ground in the host country may be fertile, but it takes, at times, several generations to cultivate healthy roots in the new soil. This thesis uses hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies to look at depth psychology as a tool for regrowth in the process of healing the wounds the Mexican woman immigrant endures during and after migration. In particular, it examines the author’s experience as a Mexican American immigrant with the use of Mexican mythological archetypes and the healing qualities of bringing those archetypes into consciousness and concurrent process of individuation.

Achieving a sense of identity is the developmental task of adolescence. In that process, today's developing youth face additional challenges amidst the pressures of Western culture with modern technological advances proving to be yet another obstacle in their pursuit of achieving an identity. This thesis proposes that adolescents' involvement with technology has hindered the development of a healthy imagination, a function of the psyche that is crucial for separation and individuation.
Employing a combination of heuristic inquiry and hermeneutic methodology, this thesis explores the reasons why many adolescents have lost sight of their personal goals outside of a material world in which self-object experiences have become a literal exchange between an individual and an object. Technology has become an instrument that is counterproductive to self-reflection. The cultural reliance on technology for life experience is serving as a potentially dangerous distraction to developing adolescents. Many adapting youth are demonstrating a deficiency in social and developmental skills and an increase in regressive symptoms of fear and anxiety.
Though there may be a significant deficiency in the levels of developmental achievement, the societal ideal challenges youth with increased expectations. Childrens' struggle to differentiate often results only in alienation from their authentic selves and dependence on a false self. Without an image of identity established on a foundation of an authentic or true self, adolescents are being consumed by the iconic false self projected onto them through mass media which mirrors the larger cultural shadow.
The thesis proposes that the cultivation of imagination in children and adolescents can positively influence their process of identity formation, growth, and development. As a tool for internal exploration, the use of art within a depth psychology orientation supports the process of creating an image of the self. Through images and symbols the adolescent can communicate with the unconscious aspects of the self, allowing them to be known and integrated into consciousness.
* The electronic copy of this thesis is on a disc containing a single PDF file which can be opened with Adobe Acrobat Reader.

The death of a life partner can cause a major breakdown of the identity of the remaining partner. The entwined selves of the two partners break apart causing the remaining partner to feel lost and untethered—a stranger to herself and to the world. If the union has been long and happy, the remaining partner may not even remember who she was before the relationship began. Using creative and heuristic methodology, this thesis explores the healing and reorganization of the griever’s identity using the author’s personal journals, artwork, and dreams during the year following the death of her spouse. Readings of the literature cover the work of Sigmund Freud involving his theories on mourning and the compulsion to repeat, Carl Jung on individuation and transformation,  John Bowlby on attachment theory, Heinz Kohut on self psychology, and current work in the grief and mourning process.

Cycles of initiation are part of the hero‘s journey on the path to individuation. The hero seeks for individuation or wholeness of body, mind, soul, and spirit. The hero‘s journey appears to commence in the unknown, yet some have tried to bring to light the mystery surrounding these initiations of the human soul. This journey into the unconscious may begin with the psychotherapist from the moment the client walks in the door of the consulting room seeking healing. I define healing as the integration of body, mind, soul, and spirit. Psychotherapy becomes the alchemical vessel for this integration, an integration which is at the same time a process of transformation. Intuitive inquiry enters into the methodology employed in this work. Hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies are utilized exploring cycles of initiation. As seen through these methodologies, Parzival and the Quest for the Holy Grail describe in mythopoetic language the journey of a soul in search of individuation. This quest is the alchemy of the soul.

The history and relevance of the trickster archetype in myth, folklore, anthropology, and literature are explored in this thesis; research is guided by the trickstar, which Marilyn Jurich coined to connote positive and creative aspects of a feminine trickster archetype, in conjunction with Victor Turner’s rite of passage theory and C. G. Jung’s trickster-figure archetype work. Paradoxical, creator, and destroyer aspects of the trickstar are illuminated; the trickster is revealed to be a mediating, transcendent agent moving between two worlds—unconscious and conscious—through the process of individuation. Employing alchemical hermeneutical methodology, the author explores her life history and the work of soul. The Dragon Tattoo film trilogy and its protagonist, Lisbeth Salander, serve as a contemporary example of the trickstar narrative. The role of the unexpected in mediating emerging issues is an alchemical twist and turn of the female trickster—the trickstar shines her guiding light on this process.

Synchronicity occurs during times of transition: births and deaths, crises and transformations. It bridges the material and immaterial worlds of matter and mind through a correspondence of meaning. This experience leaves an indelible mark for many, and it has important implications for the issue of connectedness in contemporary society, and for individual and collective experience. The concept of synchronicity is explored from the work and life of Carl Jung and from the theories of psychologists, physicists, and philosophers. Parallels from research in quantum physics, field theory, emergence, cultural and collective identity, and paranormal phenomena are also examined. Using alchemical hermeneutic and artistic-creative methodologies, the author examines the intersection of individual and collective experience in part through the submission of a creative, fictional story, as a representative study of synchronistic experience.

Grounded in related Transpersonal and Depth Psychological perspectives, this thesis entails a synthesis of Continuum Movement practice (a somatic movement education) with C. G. Jung's study of psychological development and alchemical symbolism. Via contact with universal symbols and archetypal wisdom, during Continuum Movement practice and the Halprin Life-Art Process (a movement-based expressive arts therapy), contents of the unconscious, in becoming known, may become integrated into personal conscious awareness and, thereby, facilitate the overall healing, growth, and evolution of the human organism. In so doing, deep and valuable nurturance can be brought to the complex journey of individuation. Thus, this thesis brings to the forefront the idea that understanding and engaging with the collective unconscious is paramount to the soul's journey of enlightenment. The vital role that art-making and creativity play in the process of individuation will also highlighted.
The hypothesis posited in this thesis additionally emphasizes that to embark on a successful and fruitful individuation journey the integration of all four levels of human awareness and response must be considered and embraced	that is, one's emotional, psychological, spiritual and physical capacities respectively.

In spite of high levels of reported spirituality and meditation research in Western societies, spirituality and mediation are not commonly recognized as therapeutic tools in the field of psychology. Taking a hermeneutic approach, this thesis presents a study of Eastern philosophy and Vipassana meditation in comparison to techniques of Western psychotherapy, and proposes how therapists can make use of Vipassana in their personal growth and professional practice. The author also highlights the benefits of using Vipassana meditation recovery from drug addiction and for inmates in the prison system.

Certain days in people’s lives are engraved into their memories. One of these is their wedding day, which remains engraved not only in their memories but also in photographs of them as newlyweds. Wedding photographs usually enjoy a prominent place in a married couple’s home décor unless the marriage ends in divorce, an all-too- often occurrence nowadays. The central aspect of this thesis is a contemporary art installation titled Nymphas Dissolutio, a group of mandalas fashioned from recycled treasured artifacts of wedded bliss. This study uses qualitative, phenomenological research to record, analyze, and reconstruct the narratives of Mexican Catholic, American, and European divorcées as an artistic production. The argument of the thesis is that art is transformative and can parallel the alchemical process of psychotherapy. In this way, the Nymphas Dissolutio project may be seen as a means for illuminating the transition from bride to divorcée.

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The objective of this thesis is to explore and evaluate the consequences of masculine shame as a primary obstruction to the male development of authentic self. After 5,000 years of patriarchal dominion and its repudiation of the feminine, the prototypical male psyche lacks a healthy formulation of anima, a key element of balance and integration essential to the male expression of an authentic self. Ego driven toward an illusory sense of the heroic, while unconsciously defending himself from a paralyzing encounter with his own “unmanly” childhood vulnerabilities and feelings of helplessness, the impaired male persona adopts an abstraction of masculinity based narrowly in expressions of aggression, violence, and power. Utilizing hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies, blending apposite literature and personal life experience, the author suggests that the issues of unacknowledged masculine shame, fractured anima, and recovery of a soulful connection to authentic self properly belong at the epicenter of clinical work.

This thesis examines research related to the integration of neurobiology with the soul and spirituality. This hermeneutic study explores how an awareness and understanding of the basic science behind concepts related to cellular biochemistry might be integrated with ancient spiritual traditions of Buddhism in order to effect healing. The research problem required evaluating the systemic pathology or cultural problem existing within American ideology that places too much value and emphasis on individualism and competition and can contribute to a shadow in the collective unconscious that is the root cause of individual's suffering. A hermeneutic approach based on Jungian psychology, particularly lung's concept of the collective unconscious, is applied to an examination of the research problem in a cultural context and to the research regarding both cellular biochemistry and Buddhism.

The sudden death of a therapist can further traumatize already fragile clients, leaving them feeling abandoned and helpless. The unexpected loss of this unique and close relationship between therapist and client, especially if this has been a long-term relationship, corresponds in some respects to losing a family member or close friend. The purpose of this production thesis is to bring awareness to the impact that a therapist's death can have on a client and also, to stress the importance of a professional will, Emergency Response Team, or "Godparent" assigned to clients to ease the transition, minimize the trauma, and provide continuing care. The methodology used is artistic-creative; a synthesis of theory and research on the topic is combined with the creative portion, four chapters of a novel addressing views from the perspective of a client who has recently lost her longtime therapist.

This thesis explores the Jungian concept of the coniunctio and the interactive field
from a heuristic perspective. Using the concepts and language of a depth psychological
perspective, the research question began as: What is the felt experience of the coniunctio?
Deepening into the topic, other questions developed such as: How does the coniunctio
operate in astrology, dreams and in synchronicity? Is it possible to utilize our
understanding of the coniunctio to participate with it? How can we use our astrological
natal chart to inform our dreams? What of dreaming in coniunctio, or sharing the
interactive field of dreamtime to collaborate with others? The coniunctio as it appears in
alchemical texts such as the Rosarium Philosophorum (Frankfurt edition, 1550, as cited
in Edinger, 1994) is explored in the context of modern theories about the interactive field
and the subtle body. With these images as groundwork, the thesis explores how those
images are at work within our astrological charts, dreams, and imagination.

This thesis explores the current phenomenon of increasing rates of HIV infection among gay men, a phenomenon that occurs despite widely available information on safe sex practices and how to avoid infection. I examine this phenomenon from a depth psychological perspective, uncovering the archetypal patterns at work in the modern gay community and in sexual acts among gay men. It is my contention that the sexual act is a form of initiation among gay men, one that occurs with little or no preparation or containment, resulting in an eruption of both dark and light aspects of highly charged unconscious contents. Two men meet, sex happens, and the full weight of the passion of Eros, the creative and destructive energies of Dionysus, the volatile spirit of the Trickster, and all of the instincts of love and hate, violence and nurturing, creation and destruction are brought to bear upon two largely unsuspecting individuals. Social services such as HIV clinics and drug prevention and harm reduction programs, as well as advances in medical science, have greatly helped to reduce the overall impact of HIV and AIDS, but the archetypal underpinnings of the phenomenon continue to exert a strong influence on the behavior and culture of gay men. A greater understanding of the AIDS mythos - the deep, instinctual, emotional, and ideological drives patterning the sexual behavior of gay men - can bring an overall element of meaning to what has heretofore been termed simply "irrational" behavior, and, in so doing, can hopefully reduce the harmful effects of this epidemic on the gay community.

This thesis explores the nature of conflict and consciousness from a Jungian perspective. It investigates the theory that the transformation of conflict can contribute to the evolution of consciousness, which is defined as an expanded awareness of the true nature of the relationship between one‘s inner and outer worlds. This proposal is based on the Jungian perspective that an individual‘s experience of conflict is a result of projection and the tension of the opposites, and that the synthesis of these opposites enables one to experience the underlying connectedness of reality.
The selected research methodology is the phenomenological approach. Three conflict practitioners who work with conflict at the individual, interpersonal, and group levels are interviewed. The most fundamental points of agreement are that external conflict is a manifestation of internal conflict through the mechanism of projection, that internal conflict arises out of the struggle between opposing things, and that the experience of holding and allowing the tension of the opposites can lead to an expansion of consciousness in some cases.

An artistic-creative research methodology is used to present a structured, bodybased means of individuation and soul-making by applying C. G. Jung’s (1957/1969) notion of the transcendent function to the moving meditation practice of Archetypal Qigong. The hermeneutic research methodology is used to survey literature relevant to the various ways the unconscious has heretofore been accessed and engaged. To provide an understanding of Archetypal Qigong, literature pertaining to the concept of an archetype is reviewed, followed by a detailed description of Archetypal Qigong’s mechanisms and rationale. The creative aspect of the thesis is a comprehensive description of the Soul Set—a series of Archetypal Qigong forms selected and ordered to engage the individuation process—and the various components of each of its forms including name, archetypal associations, movements, and psycho-emotional affiliations. Relevant ethical concerns, the benefits of practice, clinical implications, and areas of future research are also discussed.

This thesis is a hermeneutic and heuristic exploration that incorporates personal experience, psychological writings, myth, and story to explore the inner emergence of complex dynamics that occur in women engaging in mothering. Developmental, social, and cultural psychological theories are reviewed in terms of their implications regarding the specific effect of mothering on women. This inquiry offers insight into the processing of thoughts, images, and experiences that may occur throughout various stages of mothering in an effort to represent and honor the transition and developmental challenges presented to woman who become mothers.

This thesis is a hermeneutic and heuristic exploration that incorporates personal experience, psychological writings, myth, and story to explore the inner emergence of complex dynamics that occur in women engaging in mothering. Developmental, social, and cultural psychological theories are reviewed in terms of their implications regarding the specific effect of mothering on women. This inquiry offers insight into the processing of thoughts, images, and experiences that may occur throughout various stages of mothering in an effort to represent and honor the transition and developmental challenges presented to woman who become mothers.

This thesis explores the way in which the body and the psyche influence symbol formation in the psychological process that Carl. G. Jung called individuation, particularly as it applies to women. Utilizing an artistic-creative research methodology, the author engages in an arts-based exploration of symbolization through the process of active imagination as a means of discovering how the body’s felt-sense influences the process of symbol formation in order to create new meaning. The author shares her own artwork and elucidates certain symbols to illustrate how psyche and soma influence symbolization. A brief history of Western philosophical thought regarding symbol formation is presented and literature related to depth psychology, evolutionary psychology, and feminist theory are explored. The research and findings in this study point to a disparity between the concept of individuation and the experience of it by Western women, and examines the need for women to define their own experience.

In this thesis, the author uses a heuristic methodology to explore how one can integrate the archetypal and personal shadow into consciousness, transcending suffering into an experience of the Self and greater purpose. The author demonstrates the transformative power of holding the tension between the dark destructive forces of the shadow and the teleological forces of the Self. Drawing upon constructs from classical and archetypal analytical psychology, trauma theory,  and self-psychology, this thesis presents a depth psychological interpretation of the  author’s story of trauma, psychosis, shadow work, and transformation, amplified in  its archetypal meanings through parallels with two fairy tales.  In his personal process  and work with clients, the author illustrates techniques for welcoming and integrating the shadow. The thesis provides an example of transmuting the shadow’s intensities in to  new purpose and meaning, and demonstrates for psychotherapists the importance of shadow work as the deepest way to support client healing.

Though there has been much exploration of the therapeutic value of interaction with horses within the sub-field of Equine Facilitated Psychotherapy or Equine Assisted Psychotherapy, the specific activity of showing horses has been neglected. It seems to be absent from much of the literature or presented only in a negative light as victimizing competition. Incorporating depth psychology, this thesis will explore the positive and growthful aspects of “showing” as well as begin to explore the pragmatic considerations of whether or not this activity might reasonably and ethically be included in an Equine Facilitated practice. Informed by writers in the style of James Hillman, Linda Kohanov, and James Hollis, I use heuristic research to deeply explore my own experience of this activity; to examine this resonant somatic image which calls to me. To integrate this subjective, esoteric information with theory, myth, poetry, literature, and so forth, I take a hermeneutic approach.

This thesis considers the relevance of Buddhist thought and practice to psychotherapy. It suggests that Buddhist insight into the nature of self and existence, its teachings on suffering, and its mindfulness practices, can be of tremendous value to the work of Western psychotherapists. It first provides an overview of the essential core of Buddhist psychology and then reviews some of the recent writings on the intersection of Buddhism and psychology, considering areas of similarity and difference in Buddhist and Western approaches to psychotherapy, with an emphasis on how the self and suffering are viewed in the two disciplines. The thesis then turns to a consideration of some of the ways Buddhist theory and methods can apply to psychotherapy in practice. It looks first at its value in work with suffering clients, with a particular focus on mindfulness and the emotions. It then considers the usefulness of Buddhism for Western psychotherapists in their ongoing development as healers.

The archetypal split of the virgin and the whore has exerted a powerful unconscious impact on the human psyche. This thesis explores the historical and archetypal foundations in the Bible that consolidated patriarchal authority over many centuries by dividing the feminine against itself, thus weakening its power, and ultimately relegating the feminine to an inferior status in relation to the masculine. This thesis explores the present day experiences of modern prostitutes, as primary carriers of the split-off and denied collective sexual shadow, and it also suggests ways of integrating the archetypal polarity of the virgin and the whore. This study is of value to working therapists not just because prostitutes comprise a sub-culture increasingly inclined to seek out therapy, it is also relevant in assisting the therapist in understanding and clarifying her own personal biases in the area of sexuality.

This thesis utilizes heuristic methodology to explore how the development of a more expansive sense of self plays a role in healing anxious, preoccupied attachment and narcissistic wounding. The plasticity of the brain allows experiences to change and develop neural connections, resulting in integration and well-being. New emotional learning can occur by engaging in mindfulness; working with an attuned, nurturing therapist; and creating a coherent life narrative. Such learning can result in affect regulation, secure attachment, and increased resilience, leading to a profound change in the way a client relates to self and others.

Human patterns of social interaction, physical activity, and relatedness to body and nature changed radically with the advent of civilization. More recent radical changes in our environment have involved the application of technology in a manner that is not congruent with humans' fundamental biology and psychology, and are contributing to physical and mental pathologies. Both science and psychology posit that humans are physically and psychologically designed for a manner of living that more closely matches that of hunter-gatherer and indigenous cultures, which enjoyed more authentic social relations and significant interaction with the natural environment, and were able to express their instinctive and unconscious drives in a more psychologically meaningful manner. 

The ancestry of the bipedal human form has been traced to 4.5 million years ago, agriculture developed about 10,000 years ago, and only in approximately the last 150 years have humans developed technology that allows for a significant separation from nature, in terms of creating artificial environments that considerably reduce the interaction between the human form and the natural world. This thesis posits that an increasing separation from essential nature and instincts, along with increasing reliance on technology and a rationalism based on a paradigm of scientific materialism, has caused a sense of psychic splitting of the human consciousness that leaves little room for expression or acceptance of ways of being and relating to the world that fall outside the norm of scientific materialism or limited religious paradigms. 

Evidence indicates that the indigenous lifestyle includes more intensive early nurturing, egalitarian relations, a propensity for meaningful and sustained physical activity, participation in rituals and other activities that offer both positive physical and psychological benefits as well as the possibility for fostering a deep relationship with community and the natural environment. It is suggested that this environment even created a different sense of consciousness. 

In Western culture, sedentarism, poor diet, lack of community relations and lack of meaningful activity all contribute to pathologies. Evidence suggests that Westerners have become a physically sick, depressed, anxious and alienated culture, and trends show depression and anxiety disorders are increasing. In contrast, research indicates individuals from indigenous groups had considerably lower levels of chronic mental distress, including very low or nonexistent depression, lower levels of anxiety, and lesser feelings of guilt and alienation, conditions common to modern Western culture. 

Employing a grounded theory approach within a qualitative research methodology, the thesis develops a new synthesis from others' findings and presents a psychotherapeutic and psycho-educational approach to psychotherapy that emphasizes hunter-gatherer and indigenous ways of being within a civilized context. The author's proposal of a Modern-Primitive Hybrid approach may be an effective method for reducing mental distress and increasing quality of life. Culturally, it may also be a means of moving toward a more sustainable psychology of living.

Unresolved historical trauma resulting from colonization can be passed on generationally, impairing the mental and physical health of individuals and sustaining the oppressor/oppressed dynamic in American society. Employing an artistic-creative methodology, this thesis draws on a historical incident that took place on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation to illustrate the intergenerational transmission of unresolved historical trauma, and how such trauma can affect descendants of both America's colonized and colonizers. The traumatic experience of colonization continues to negatively influence the lives of many living in the United States and the ongoing victim-perpetrator dynamic shapes how inhabitants view themselves, others, and the world they live in. The Native American population, in particular, appears to suffer disproportionally from the lingering effects of colonization. Allowing for a victim-perpetrator dynamic still active in America's collective soul can help therapists consider whether it has any bearing on a client's current psychological health.

A prime criterion for the diagnosis of mental disorders is the identification of maladaptive patterns, emergent from the complex systems of psyche. This thesis posits ―stuckness‖ as an archetypal pattern manifesting from a systems complex processes. Stuckness is defined as a pattern having significant qualities of meaningless repetition, insatiability, isolative autonomy, and resistance to change.  Applying an interdisciplinary and alchemical hermeneutic methodology, stuckness is qualitatively explored within the landscape of both systems theory and in Tower mythos, where system‘s processes were found to be allegorically reflected, and where stuckness was revealed specifically in the image of the Prison Tower. Underlying issues such as separation, predictability, risk, and need for certainty are addressed in terms of an identified system‘s (one with agency) ability to make choices that foster or stymie growth. This is followed by an evaluation of the modern financial system, cancer, addiction, and trauma as stuckness paradigms.

Addiction is a collective problem in the modern world. Society with all of its technological advances has inadvertently created more of a separation of soul than ever before. The absence of the feminine principle leads to addiction since it is the feminine in the psyche that enables one to connect to and experience the sacred. Within the culture today the pendulum has swung too far into direction of the rational, logical mind of masculine principle. The consequence is soul loss. In an attempt to find soul, one turns to alcohol or drugs to fill the void. This becomes a vicious and deadly cycle. This thesis will explore how addiction has escalated due to a lack of balance between the masculine and feminine energies and ways to remedy this situation. A hermeneutic approach is used to study psychological literature, documentaries and journals as well as to provide insights and possible solutions for this problem.

Certain experiences of loss create such intense feelings that they are utterly
inexpressible in words. This imaginal and depth-oriented thesis examines a mother in the
complex process of grieving the unexpected death of her 20-year-old son. A heuristic
methodology is utilized, supported by alchemical hermeneutics (Romanyshyn, 2007) to
access and dialogue with psyche through the grieving mother's dreams, artwork,
reflections, active imaginings, and visions. The mother, in her role as researcher, returns
to the source of the trauma and explores the soul's landscape of images occurring over a
two-year period of time to document the healing process. It is the mother's search for
deeper meaning that compels her to interpret these images and transference dialogues
with psyche in the role of researcher. Further, it is through this research that the
researcher is transformed.

Interpreting myth from a psychological perspective allows reflection on the universal, archetypal dimension of personal experience. Drawing on Freudian and Jungian theory, this thesis employs a hermeneutic methodology to amplify and interpret the Robin Hood myth and a heuristic analysis to ascertain why the author was called to the myth. The interpretation addresses the childhood struggle of the ego separating from the Self. The myth offers a psychic mirror of the battle raging within males, in particular, and suggests a path to freedom from the early attachment to mother, which is at the core of their neuroses. Robin Hood demonstrates a passageway through one’s inner forest, where, by confronting the evil Prince within, one can reconnect with soul, or anima, represented by the Princess. The myth suggests that men call on their inner thief and inner warrior to integrate split-off aspects of the psyche and thereby attain greater psychic health.

The trauma of immigration and the resultant necessary acculturation place a tremendous strain on the individual psyche, family dynamics, and interacting groups. This study suggests the need for a Jungian alchemical exploration and explanation of this strain. This thesis uses alchemical hermeneutics to explore the links between alchemy, object relations, trauma theory, immigration, integration, acculturation, Jungian thought, depth psychology, physics, transitional phenomena, and personal inquiry. Alchemy and trauma theory are useful vehicles that help explain the loss, dissociation, soul splitting, creation of third worlds, and the integration necessary to the survival of the immigrant.

Utilizing artistic-creative and heuristic methodologies and embracing a childlike spirit of exploration, the author undertook a creative journey of drawing, painting, and sculpting images to process her grief over the death of family members. This thesis presents her artwork and explains the process as a healing experience. Through employing the depth psychology techniques of active imagination and honoring dream imagery, she found that she gained strength from discovering that her family, ancestors, and inner guidance resided within. She reports that the creative process offered a reintegration of departed loved ones in a new and intimate way. The thesis proposes that therapists can utilize their inner experiences with grief and healing to ground themselves when working with clients who are looking to gain traction and inspiration from their history and personal myth and discover their inner abilities to transform and rediscover hope.

Utilizing artistic-creative and heuristic methodologies and embracing a childlike spirit of exploration, the author undertook a creative journey of drawing, painting, and sculpting images to process her grief over the death of family members. This thesis presents her artwork and explains the process as a healing experience. Through employing the depth psychology techniques of active imagination and honoring dream imagery, she found that she gained strength from discovering that her family, ancestors, and inner guidance resided within. She reports that the creative process offered a reintegration of departed loved ones in a new and intimateway. The thesis proposes that therapists can utilize their inner experiences with grief and healing to ground themselves when working with clients who are looking to gain traction and inspiration from their history and personal myth and discover their inner abilities to transform and rediscover hope.

Our self-understanding, our understanding of human nature, is largely culturally created, just as our understanding of nature is a cultural creation. At the same time, we are natural beings and a part of nature. In fact, our self-understanding and our understanding of our relationship to nature, or the natural world, are two aspects of the same thing, since our relationship to nature is definitive for our self-understanding. In western culture we tend to define ourselves in relation to other people, or in relation to god, whereas our relationship to nature takes second place, if any place at all. In order to shift our self-understanding, we must shift our understanding of the natural world and our relationship to it. One way that this shift can be facilitated is by looking to other cultures and how they understand their relationship with the natural world. In this thesis I look at the ancient Greek understanding of mankind's relationship to the natural world by looking closely at an ancient Greek ritual, the Bouphonia, which addressed this relationship.
Because human beings have had such a tremendous impact on the natural world, it is crucial that we now reconsider this crucial relationship and our own human nature.

In recognition of the absence of the presentation of depth psychological approaches to multicultural issues in graduate level courses and texts, hermeneutic and heuristic research methodologies are applied to explore depth-oriented psychotherapeutic issues and techniques for working with Chicano clients. Students and practitioners can be more effective in making depth psychotherapy more accessible to the Chicano population by gaining a solid understanding of how the ethnic unconscious informs the worldview and self-identity of both clinician and patient. Chicano worldview and cultural meaning are explored within the context of a common history, belief systems, and cultural values that inform the Chicano psyche. The myth of Aztlán and nine cultural themes affecting Chicano worldview and self-identity are discussed in addition to how depth therapeutic approaches, including dream analysis, can be modified to more empathically embrace the Chicano psyche. A case study, wherein the author and his analyst work on a dream presenting imagery from the author's ethnic unconscious, is presented as an example of how the methods discussed can be clinically applied.

In long-term relationships there is often an unavoidable tension between security
and stability on one hand and passion, desire, and sexual excitement on the other. Desire
often fades and sexual activity dwindles with it. Factors that contribute to diminished
desire include the erasure of difference, the accretion of habits and routines, the
accumulation of unresolved resentments and disappointments, and the pressure of
increased emotional stakes that accompany increasing interdependence and deepening
commitment. Using a combination of hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies, this
thesis explores how, for couples who wish to engage in depth work to address these
issues and who have (or are open to) BDSM experience, structured BDSM play,
including dominance and submission, could serve as one therapeutic modality to catalyze
the processing of unresolved conflicts and undigested psychological material in the
relationship, opening the way to the successful co-existence of love and sex
over time.

This thesis uses heuristic research methodology to explore the dance therapy process. The author explores the effects of dance on individuals and examines how individuals can facilitate their own personal growth through the experience of dancing. Two forms of dance are specifically examined: flash mobs and cultural dance. The findings demonstrate that dancing can provide a sense of connection between a person’s feelings and the body. Moreover, the study illustrates how dance can help evoke emotional expression through movement. In addition, the author explores two African ceremonies, Zar and Ndeup, in order to understand the link between movement and healing in these rituals.

This production thesis investigates the unique and valuable role image creation can play in the exploration of inner psychological processes. The alchemical operations provide rich metaphors for particular psychological stages. Using artistic-creative and heuristic methodologies, specific alchemical operations are explored through research, amplification, and, ultimately, an experiential creative process. The importance of image as a natural expression of psyche and the particular benefits of working with images as a means to psychological insight are realized through image making. The entire production process is examined as a means to increased insight regarding the alchemical process, inner psychological experiences, and the natural bridges between psychological and creative processes. This first-hand exploration of psychological processes through image demonstrates that imaginal work can be a source for emergent meaning, evoke affect, access and embrace multiple meanings, provide perspective on both personal and archetypal levels, and ultimately serve as a vehicle for personal transformation.

This thesis explores the significance of the plants contained in the last four images of the Harley Splendor Solis (1582). The Splendor Solis is examined in terms of its historical and cultural context, in the spirit of amplifying the environment that birthed the text, thus adding resonance to the presence of the plants themselves. Phenomenological and psychological perspectives are utilized in the study of the images, with both depth psychological and ecopsychological models used as the foundation. The research occurs through hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies. Analysis of the research finds that the Splendor Solis provides images that exemplify a manner of functioning both psychotherapeutically and in everyday life that encourage a relationship with beauty and the earth. The Splendor Solis offers living images of these relationships and provides an example of ways to proceed with models of depth psychology and counseling that acknowledge the holistic virtues of the anima mundi.

This thesis explores the significance of the plants contained in the last four images of the Harley Splendor Solis (1582). The Splendor Solis is examined in terms of its historical and cultural context, in the spirit of amplifying the environment that birthed the text, thus adding resonance to the presence of the plants themselves. Phenomenological and psychological perspectives are utilized in the study of the images, with both depth psychological and ecopsychological models used as the foundation. The research occurs through hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies. Analysis of the research finds that the Splendor Solis provides images that exemplify a manner of functioning both psychotherapeutically and in everyday life that encourage a relationship with beauty and the earth. The Splendor Solis offers living images of these relationships and provides an example of ways to proceed with models of depth psychology and counseling that acknowledge the holistic virtues of the anima mundi .

The premise of this thesis which utilizes hermeneutic methodology is that depth
or imaginal psychotherapy is highly effective in treating and assessing adult survivors of
childhood abuse. Specifically, interventions which use dreams, symbols, and metaphor as
well as expressive art techniques are deemed especially valuable as they address
dissociatively based changes (affect regulation, sense of self, and diminished
imagination). Current research in neuroscience and traumatology found a lack of
assessment tools which screen for these profound and often unidentifiable intrapsychic
changes. Such testing is essential for not only the early and rapid detection of trauma
clients, but for more effective depth psychologically based treatment. The ISSA8 Test has
been developed in order to better assess these intrapsychic changes occurring in women
survivors of childhood sexual assault. This assessment tool is valuable for evaluating the
benefits of depth psychology techniques in both trauma-based research and therapeutic
practice.

Recovery from a traumatic event can be a long and arduous process due to the complications of guilt and shame imposed by the collective unconsciousness. This thesis explores a possible new intervention for trauma that may bridge an individual’s conscious and unconscious, possibly providing a more efficient way to work with those affected by trauma. Utilizing an artistic-creative method, the author provides a personal account of witnessing a suicide and a hermeneutic analysis that investigates the relationship between a traumatic event and the subsequent healing process that, ultimately, revealed a psychological awakening. The ramifications of the theory supporting the proposed intervention correlate directly to an individual’s ability to attain higher states of consciousness, while hastening the healing process from an experience of trauma.

This thesis explores the nature of dialectical principles as manifested in the creative act. The ancient metaphysic of dialectics, in which reality is conceived as a dynamic interplay of unified oppositions, is revived and given a practical, experiential emphasis in the resolution of ambivalence and one-sided views. The author draws upon his own experiences of creativity to shed light on the fertile middle ground where rigid oppositions come into conversation: the dialectical nexus. This thesis explores how the experience of the dialectical nexus serves creativity and psychological awakening. Relevant perspectives on dialectics are surveyed, with emphasis given to its philosophical origins, its clinical applications within the field of depth psychology, and its expression in modern neuroscientific models of the brain. Representative photographs and drawings by the author are included as illustration and testament to the experiences described within.
This thesis finds the dialectical nexus to be a place of great potential, a primary source of energetic charge and therapeutic change. Bringing rigid polarities into dynamic conversation, dialectics is seen to restore a state of psychological flow, considered to be the natural condition and expression of the living psyche.

Connections between the stone circles of Ireland and sandplay therapy are
examined by means of a hermeneutic and heuristic method. The tools of history,
archeology, language, psychology, and the natural world are utilized. The common
ground between stone circles and sandplay therapy are to be found in the world of nature
using the language of symbols. The stone circle builders incorporated nature into their
rites and rituals, including the stones for construction and the symbolic shape of their
structure—the circle. Sandplay therapy incorporates a psychology grounded in nature.
The symbol of the circle in the sand tray is often the indicator that healing or
transformation has taken place. One of the primary goals of sandplay therapy is the same
as that of the circle builders: to provide an opportunity for people to live symbolic,
meaningful lives in the context of an ordered natural world.

This thesis is a production thesis utilizing heuristic and artistic/creative research methodology that includes a compilation of some of the author's acting work in television and film over a 20-year period. One of the films, Trapped Ashes (Bartok & Cunningham, 2006), was made during the author's tenure at Pacifica Graduate Institute. The compilation was assembled simultaneously with the writing of the thesis. The author looks at the idea of synchronicity, particularly focusing on the work of Carl Jung, as a way of understanding the clinical application of synchronicity in the field of depth psychology, as well as understanding the roles she has acted and how the archetypal energies at play in these roles coincide with events taking place in her personal life at the same time. The author relates to her subjective experiences of these roles as a way of making meaning of her life and art, asking herself the following questions: "Do I create my roles or do my roles create me?" and "What is the connection between my personal life and the life of the character?" Finally, the author concludes that the very act of asking these questions, the noticing and naming of synchronicity, is its own form of imagination and creativity, because it is a way of making meaning.

This thesis introduces surf therapy as an adjunct treatment modality for trauma and addiction, which can be used in collaboration with existing twelve-step and cognitive behavioral therapy models. Focusing on the mind–body split that occurs in response to relational trauma and addiction, this thesis offers a three-component clinical approach to healing that includes: mindfulness-based interpersonal skills groups, surfing groups, and process groups. The surf therapy model developed by the author views the person as a holistic system, thus incorporating a creative and holistic approach toward healing the psyche and facilitating embodiment. Using a phenomenological methodological approach, this thesis explores the psychosomatic wounds of trauma and addiction in an archetypal framework, while also considering Jungian, attachment, and somatic-based theories and associated neuroscience as they relate to surfing as a healing modality.

This thesis asks the question: What is the inner experience of Sol niger? Sol niger, the black sun, is an image that appears during the beginning stage of alchemy and signifies a descent into the unconscious. Using heuristic methodology, this individual depiction study seeks to understand the transformation of consciousness that comes with experiencing Sol niger as an inner process through images, dreams, and visions that emerge from the objective psyche. This thesis draws upon the author's 3-year experience of spontaneous images and symbols that emerged from the depths of her psyche and produced a healing of a long-standing inner conflict as well as opened a connection to the numinous. The phenomenon of Sol niger is brought into relief to offer an anatomy of the experience and, thereby, further shed light on the influence that the unconscious has in human development and growth.

Burnout is a phenomenon sometimes experienced by individuals who provide direct service to those in need. Although it can be viewed negatively as an unfortunate event, burnout can also be viewed as a collection of symptoms that have messages from the unconscious to the conscious mind. These symptoms can be viewed as a compensatory function that is alerting the individual to a lack of balance, with more attention needed to possible unresolved complexes carrying energy into unmetabolized countertransference issues. A hermeneutic examination of the theories of transference and countertransference indicates that these unconscious relationships exist between two people most of the time. The manic nature of Western civilization can be an obstacle to alleviating burnout, as can an inflated ego by the helper/healer. Self-examination through therapy can be helpful for direct-service providers who experience burnout, with the ideal situation being engagement in the individuation process of analytical psychotherapy.

This thesis examines the effect of the Western cultural sex paradigm on modern, female sexual dysfunction. Using a hermeneutic methodology, sources from a variety of different areas of Western thought on the subjects of sexuality, feminism, religion, Western history, and psychology are reviewed for the purpose of discovering the ways in which female sexuality has been influenced over time and across institutional lines. This research also explores the ways in which therapists can deal with cases involving female sexual dysfunction in the consulting room. Drawing on depth psychological ideology, female sexual dysfunction is examined from a holistic perspective, highlighting the importance of knowledge of feminine sexual history in Western culture and encouraging the reader to explore holistic, mind-body integrating, and depth psychological approaches to the problem of female sexual dysfunction.

This is a production thesis accompanied by the composition of an original work by the author entitled "Maltese Winter." Another composition, a graphic work entitled "What is the Beautiful?" is also included to illustrate other aspects of the use of music in depth psychotherapy that could not be satisfactorily demonstrated with "Maltese Winter." Varied uses of music in therapy, as a listener, performer, or composer, can allow for a greater awareness of the Self and bring a level of consciousness to one's own individual life's story. This thesis investigates some of the uses of music as image in depth psychotherapy, specifically music that is composed to accompany images such as film music, or music of the theatre.

Feminine intuition is an underutilized natural resource that when properly heeded has the potential to improve emotional, mental, and physical wellbeing. This production thesis contains a depth psychology curriculum of an eight-session woman's dream circle series with the aim to strengthen intuition and self-agency. Utilizing a combination of artistic-creative and heuristic methodologies, the author draws on personal shamanistic dreamwork and relationship to the archetype of the Creatrix Goddess combined with depth psychological hermeneutic research to create and test the clinical application. The concept of counterintuitive social training is researched and addressed coupled with an exploration into the benefits of cultivating the intuitive, imaginal, and dream life. The core depth psychological principles and clinical applications explored include Dream Tending (Aizenstat, 2009), the polycentric psyche, the psychic role of mythology, soul-making, active imagination, image making, imaginal/archetypal psychology, and the self-regulating psyche.

Archetypal astrology has remained on the fringe of healing practices. The Cartesian method and the modern focus on scientific research has contributed to this exclusion of the potential benefits of astrology in psychotherapy. Astrology is an ancient source of knowledge, healing, and spirituality. Heuristic and hermeneutic methodologies are applied in this research whcih proposes the value and inclusion of archetypal astrology in the healing practices. The benefits of working collaboratively with clients regarding their astrological birth charts offers a perspective which aids clients’ increased connectivity and integral harmony with their communities, offers a universal perspective to human life, and supports their personal growth and healing.

As the oral tradition of fairy tales seems to have fallen out of favor, it becomes increasingly important in postmodern, Western societies to identify other mediums that may serve the purpose fairy tales once did as symbolic carriers of the collective unconscious and archetypal nature of the psyche. Reviewing the literature concerning the history, structure, purpose, and psychological meaning of fairy tales, the author explores film as a medium through which modem fairy tales find expression. This thesis relies on hermeneutical methodology to answer the following question: What might a depth psychological analysis of the film Warm Bodies as a modem day fairy tale reveal about contemporary American society? The amplification of the film through alchemical symbolism, fairy tale, and myth finds that the archetypal motifs of star-crossed lovers and a zombie apocalypse in Warm Bodies describe the tension of opposites between collective consciousness and the unconscious within American culture.

The imaginal characters of the Fisher King and the Handless Maiden (Johnson, 1993)
resonate deeply with those who have suffered developmental wounds and as adults, experience a
wounded feeling function. These two tales are analyzed throughout this qualitative thesis
incorporating heuristic and case study methodologies, and utilizing hypnotherapy techniques.
Fairy tales and myths resonate at a deep and unconscious level because they become a
metaphoric mirror in which the self seeks authenticity. They tell a collective story that crosses
over cultures and eras, and connects individuals to a comforting larger legend. Hypnosis allows
reframing through access of the subconscious. When used in conjunction with psychotherapy,
hypnosis acts as an amplifier and accelerator of the therapeutic experience. This multi-modal
therapeutic approach allows a healing, which creates a multi-dimensional range of experience,
providing individuals with new ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

The experience of abortion has paradoxical qualities; while it is an extremely common experience amongst women—46% or 1.3 million annually in the United States, (Women's Issues, 2005) women's actual stories of their abortions are treated as a collective secret and are very rarely spoken about publicly. Having an abortion can result in the emotions of shame, guilt, and loss that are often left unexplored and consequentially stored in the body and psyche. Whether it is recovering from an abortion, grieving the death of a loved one, or surviving a physical trauma, the journey towards healing and recovery has many of the same components	physical (soma), archetypal, and psychological or soul (psyche). In this paper, I intend to weave together the role that society plays on the individual psyche and the effect that this can have on a woman's ability to process and heal. Some of these insights will be taken from various interviews conducted with women who have experienced an abortion, as well as accounts of women's abortions found in various other sources of documentaries and books. Clarissa Pinkola Estes, Jungian analyst and author, argued that "traditional psychology is often spare or entirely silent about deeper issues important to women: the archetypal, the intuitive, the sexual and cyclical, the ages ofwomen, a woman's way, a woman's knowing, her creative fire" (1995, p.4). It is for this reason that I will include the importance of the role of therapy in the experience of abortion by looking at the three distinct therapeutic approaches of feminist, narrative, and depth as possible methods to help heal the trauma of abortion and lessen its secret.

Childhood sexual abuse is a significant problem in Western civilization. The after-effects of this sexual violence often includes physical, emotional, and spiritual complications. This trauma may manifest itself through somatic symptoms, dissociation, impaired memory, grief, and problems with emotional, physical, and sexual intimacy.
Focusing on the aspect of sexual intimacy, most healing modalities for this wound focus on learning to re-enter and inhabit the body, finding new attitudes for sex, and relearning touch. While these are essential elements of the sexual healing journey, they are missing a connection to soul. Through the use of personal memoir and the myth of Inanna, the Goddess of Love and the Goddess of Heaven and Earth from ancient Sumer, this thesis explores the sexual healing journey as the archetypal hero's journey. In using the myth of a fully fleshed out female rather than the more typical male hero, it will follow the cycle of death and rebirth of the heroine's journey. This is a soul journey, back through the wound, into meaning and ultimately into the numinous experiences of sacred sexuality.

The concept of the psychological complex, as initially articulated by C. G. Jung, is recognized as a cornerstone in the theory and practice of analytical psychology. In the literature of this tradition, however, the origins, nature, and treatment of the complex are described in inconsistent and apparently contradictory ways. This thesis offers a clarification of the concept of the complex for students of counseling psychology who seek a basic understanding of both theory and clinical application. A hermeneutic literature review identifies two distinct dimensions of the complex. One, originating in personal history, is recognized and treated remedially by many contemporary approaches to psychopathology. The second, archetypal in nature, carries a teleological pattern of meaning and purpose that is inherently healing for the individual who discerns and aligns with it. Jungian methods specifically promote engagement with this dimension. In a heuristic investigation, these findings are applied to a personal complex.

For thousands of years shamans of indigenous cultures have understood the healing powers of psychoactive plants. In the Congo basin of West Africa, the Bwiti tribes have used such a plant, the root of a shrub, Tabernathe Iboga, in rite of passage rituals. In 1962, quite by accident, it was discovered that the main alkaloid of Iboga, Ibogaine, had incredible anti-addictive qualities and allowed cessation from addiction with little to no withdrawal symptoms. Because of its hallucinogenic properties, Ibogaine is a banned substance in the U.S., but it remains legal in many countries including Canada and Mexico where clinics have begun opening to treat addicts with this amazing drug. The author recovered from alcoholism in early 2006 using Ibogaine and this thesis shares her personal story. It is also a qualitative study of Ibogaine, its history both politically and medically. Through an ethnographic survey conducted in a Mexico Ibogaine clinic, the author attempts to prove that the visions on Ibogaine offer healing. She also examines the similarity between entheogenic and near death experiences. Through her own story, the author explores the archetypal elements of an Ibogaine session and examines how, when viewed through a Jungian lens, the Ibogaine experience represents the transcendent function at work, linking consciousness with the unconscious, allowing a healing dialogue between the two.

This thesis has been written with the interest and concern for the symbolic meaning of the tale of "Beauty and the Beast," as it illustrates a young woman's journey of individuating, ultimately in order to meet with her own animus and true Self. The methodology for writing this thesis is hermeneutic, in that it involves a search for meaning from what has been written about the fairy tale among different texts and films that were created based on the original tale. In this thesis, "Beauty and the Beast" is analyzed by exploring what has been written about it by Jung, the post-Jungians, and Freudian thinkers. Images or objects of significance in the tale that hold meaning or power for the overall analysis of the tale are included and explained.

Life is fluid, ever changing. Are you stuck in the mud or watching from the
shore? This qualitative thesis explores freeing oneself in the developmental stages of
adolescence and midlife. Accepting the reality of what is and observing in awareness the
sensations of mind, body, and feelings allows an adolescent girl or woman in midlife to
open to the unlimited possibilities unfolding. Awareness is the seed for transformation. In
the journey of heart and mind through the feminine experience, conscious attunement
with Self is the agent for change. This heuristic exploration is approached from a depth
psychological perspective through personal lived experiences in two developmental
stages. Further, a hermeneutical exploration using dreams, fairy tales, and myths,
compares the psychological tasks of differentiation in adolescence and individuation in
midlife. Mindful awareness is the prime ingredient for deep psychological change in
feelings, thoughts, and behavior.

This study investigates shamanism to determine how shamanic techniques can facilitate the therapeutic healing process. The history, practice, and uses of shamanism are traced from its ancient beginnings through today's evolving neoshamanic forms. The thesis proposes how therapists, particularly those working from a depth psychology orientation, can utilize shamanic techniques for healing and transformation. Two of the shamanic practices with which the author has personal experience are presented, and methods for using these practices as adjuncts to talk therapy are offered. The study utilizes a heuristic approach in its presentation of the author's personal experiences of shamanic practices, and hermeneutic research methodology is employed in placing the concept of shamanism in dialogue with the concept of psychotherapy.

This thesis examines the function of the imagination as a natural healing instinct in childhood grief. Hermenuetic and heuristic methodologies are combined with research from the areas of pediatric cognitive development and pediatric grief therapy to examine the child’s experience of loss and grief. These theories are then viewed through the lenses of depth psychology, play therapy, and diverse literature on the imagination and its functions and roles. This thesis is developed on the foundation of the American culture’s experience of grief and the often conflicting definitions of what is normal in grief versus what is abnormal; the term //magical thinking// is a particular focus. The findings of this thesis suggest that the process of children’s natural tendency toward imaginitive thinking in their grief is a healthy process to be nurtured by adult guides and caretakers. In its completion, this thesis suggests facilitating imagination as a psychotherapeutic intervention.

In spite of over 100 years of scientific research and clinical observation, a multitude of publications, and much, albeit questionable, media attention, an estimated nine to eighteen million American adults affected by Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have not been identified or diagnosed. These undiagnosed individuals often realize at an early age that they are somehow different from most other people. Eventually others notice the difference and provide negative feedback. ADHD traits can be seen as social, moral, or character defects. From a scientific point of view, these traits are genetically based variations that affect how the brain processes and responds to information. ADHD traits are often mutually exclusive with several traits highly esteemed in our society and crucial to many types of success. Non-ADHD traits frequently produce prompt, well-organized, task-oriented, rule-abiding behaviors, which aid individuals to thrive in academic and business environments. Many individuals with ADHD, in contrast, will repeatedly fail at attempts to acquire such traits. Self-blame, low self-esteem, depression, and anxiety often result from these failures and negative input from others. While many experts believe that there is a positive side to ADHD, this point of view is generally available only to those who are diagnosed. Further dangers exist for the undiagnosed with their increased risk of addictions, legal difficulties, divorce, lack of education, and difficulties in the work place. However, diagnosis can be a two-edged sword, particularly if professionals making the diagnosis provide only the strictly scientific perspective that ADHD is a chronic incurable disorder of the brain that limits abilities. 'While mental and physical differences do exist between individuals with and without ADHD traits, it is the cultural interpretation of differences that deem them either disorders or gifts. Some experts view ADHD traits as normal variances among humansótraits often useful and necessary, in fact, at times vital to human survival. This paper uses a hermeneutic methodology to compare and contrast various opinions and points of view on the subject of adult ADHD. Also included here is a discussion of my own diagnosis of ADHD and how its traits ran counter to the completion of this project. My hope with this paper is to call attention to several pressing matters: the large number of adults with unidentified ADHD, the great need for more professionals able to recognize and correctly diagnose the condition, the role our culture plays in determining what is a disorder, and how providing more than just the medical view can offer adults with ADHD the opportunity to accept ADHD traits as nonnal human variations and to embrace the gifts that ADHD can offer to them and to the world.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the Greek myth of Eros and Psyche as a drama of Self-emergence in the Western psyche, from a nongendered perspective. This myth, from Lucius Apuleius' second century C.E. Latin novel, Metamorphoses, depicts an archetypal pattern of Self-emergence that has only recently, with Jung's discovery of the Self as transpersonal center of the psyche, become a conscious drama in the psychology of individuals. The myth portrays the critical moment in soul's development, when the ego encounters the Self, desires to form a relationship with it, and is thus transformed.
This thesis concludes that the Eros and Psyche myth dramatizes an important shift in the God-image for Western culture. The current God-image it embraces, represented by Aphrodite in the myth, is parental in nature. Regardless of its current polarity expression, a parental God-image infantilizes humanity. The myth reveals that (a) the parent God-image has outlived its purpose, (b) its shadow side needs to be integrated, (c) its structures of containment are breaking down, (d) the Self, as lover, now desires a more intimate and responsive relationship with the soul, and, (e) a new God-image, based on partnership, mutuality, and shared responsibility has been constellated in the human psyche. In this new relational model, the ego and the Self work as partners in the individual's psyche to fulfill a greater work, maintaining balance in the world psyche.

This thesis uses alchemical hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies to inquire into the feminine process of individuation and the tasks a woman must undertake to heal the mother-daughter wound. The central premise of this thesis focuses on food as an organizing principle for understanding a woman’s quest to meet her Self, beginning with her earliest life nourishment provided by her mother, and how this becomes a ligature throughout her life for connection, meaning, and transformation. Depth, developmental, and feminine psychological perspectives scaffold the hypothesis that early feeding and bonding rituals impact a woman throughout life. The incorporation of the author’s personal story explores food as a language that expresses a woman’s deepest longing and hunger in life. Drawing upon the template of feminine individuation in the fairy tale “Vasilisa the Wise,” the author’s narrative of her midlife quest illuminates the tasks of a woman’s journey to re-member and heal her life.

This thesis uses alchemical hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies to inquire into the feminine process of individuation and the tasks a woman must undertake to heal the mother-daughter wound. The central premise of this thesis focuses on food as an organizing principle for understanding a woman's quest to meet her Self, beginning with her earliest life nourishment provided by her mother, and how this becomes a ligature throughout her life for connection, meaning, and transformation. Depth, developmental, and feminine psychological perspectives scaffold the hypothesis that early feeding and bonding rituals impact a woman throughout life. The incorporation of the author's personal story explores food as a language that expresses a woman's deepest longing and hunger in life. Drawing upon the template of feminine individuation in the fairy tale "Vasilisa the Wise," the author's narrative of her midlife quest illuminates the tasks of a woman's journey to re-member and heal her life.

Violence is a dark and frightening topic. This thesis employs a theoretical method of inquiry in examining the ultimate act of violence: killing. In order to commit an act of killing one must be properly prepared. The research of experts on the topic is reviewed including the works of Philip Zimbardo, Lonnie Athens, Sigmund Freud and William Gaylin. Different types of killing are discussed in detail, including premeditated murder, serial killing, and killing in wartime. Comparison is made between how soldiers and prisoners are trained to kill. B. F. Skinner's research is reviewed in an examination of how humans learn and how certain types of conditioning lead to learning how to kill.  
The philosopher Immanuel Kant is cited as to why people do not kill and how that resolve is changed by justification. The intent and motivation of the killer are examined with emphasis on the level of intensity that occurs in killing. Understanding not just how but why a person kills may help psychotherapists whose clients lives have been touched by killing. 
*An electronic copy of this thesis is located on a disk containing a single PDF file, which can be opened with Adobe Acrobat Reader.

This production thesis explores the collective assumption that artists are
inevitably doomed to lives of imbalance and anguish. Using artistic-creative, and
hermeneutic methodology to explore the psychological mechanics of creativity, the thesis
argues that all artistic work arises from the “tension of the opposites” (Jung, 1916/1960).
Artists often have intensified psychic tensions and oppositions within themselves. This
artistic temperament allows the necessary psychic friction from which the transcendent
function may arise; but often leaves the individual vulnerable to acute psychological
suffering when the inner divisions become too great, or are left unconscious. A scholarly
inquiry into the relationship between mental illness and creativity precedes an original
radio-play entitled: The Bell Jar Retort, or Who’s Unafraid of Virginia Woolf? written,
performed and recorded by the author (see CD). The performance features two fictitious
dialogues between a Suicide Crisis Line counselor and the writers Sylvia Plath and
Virginia Woolf, in the moments before their suicides.

This thesis used a qualitative hermeneutic approach to analyze archival data and explore the potential biases of the Western psychological model when applied toward clients with collectivistic cultural values as well as to understand the potential consequences of doing so. Research shows that cross-cultural differences exist in social support seeking behaviors, expression versus non-expression of emotions, and selfconstrual. Many Western psychological theories are individualistic and have the potential to pathologize collectivistic cultural values if care is not taken. This thesis explores cultural differences and how they affect the therapeutic process. Several Western theoretical orientations are discussed, assessing their strengths and weaknesses in working with clients with collectivistic values. The goal of this thesis is to increase awareness on cross-cultural differences, with the hope that clinicians will avoid pathologizing cultural values and behaviors that are different from their own.

The debut of the novel Lolita (Nabokov, 1955), with its parody, elaborate
language, and controversial subject matter was met with misconceptions of its content as
a pornographic portrait of pedophilia. This thesis looks beneath this minefield and closely
examines the psychology inherent in the character study that is the novel. The study also
engages in a hermeneutic methodology to explore the relationship between fiction, depth
psychology, and child abuse laws. An artistic-creative methodology in the form of case
notes written by the imaginary psychotherapists regarding their contact with the novel’s
main characters, Humbert Humbert and Dolores Haze, illustrates the necessity for
therapeutic empathy for the victims as well as perpetrators in cases of sexual abuse.

The process of individuation is life-long, and one's journey is influenced greatly by one's childhood, a period of heightened impressionability in the forming of the self. Childhood is seen as a critical developmental phase in which to plant the seed of self-awareness. Psychoeducation provides the tools to encourage the natural unfolding of an individual's seven intrinsic rights. This thesis, based on the work of Cindy Carter's The Seven Intrinsic Rights of Individuality: Reclaiming Your Developmental Birthrights, consists of two parts, The first is a research component utilizing hermeneutic methodology, theoretical in nature, that synthesizes findings regarding the relationship between unmetabolized trauma and brain functioning in support of the production piece which employs creative/artistic methodology in an original curriculum founded on the theory of the seven intrinsic rights. The second part presents a fourth-grade, curriculum which incorporates a depth psychology approach to the re-integration of soul in the classroom and explores the responsible place of social-emotional learning in the public school system, additionally emphasizing the importance of the mental health of teachers who touch so many young lives.
Childhood represents a time of heightened vulnerability. This thesis poses the following questions: How might teaching children explicitly about their seven intrinsic rights positively and proactively impact their adult lives? How might a curriculum designed around the seven intrinsic rights perpetuate an individual's journey toward wholeness? At the same time, what might the effect of such an endeavor have on society at large? Recommendations for future quantitative research include monitoring the effects of the implemented curriculum on discipline referrals, assessing the mental status of students exposed to the curriculum as compared to a control group, and exploring the affects of the curriculum specifically on the identified population of intellectually gifted students. Expansion of this fourth grade curriculum to address all elementary school grade levels is a vision for the future of this work.

This thesis considers the importance of the body in the individuation process of women arrested at a specific stage of psychological development. This stage, characteristic of adolescence and similar to the Jungian puella aeterna archetype, results from a failure to resolve parental complexes and is typified by the character of Electra in classical Greek tragedy. Utilizing phenomenological and heuristic methodologies, this thesis posits that the raw archetypal chaos of a contemporary Electra can be integrated in a new healing paradigm through bridging psyche and soma, depth psychology and authentic movement. Examples from the author's personal and clinical experiences are used to illustrate the importance of integration, and the cycles and behaviors which conflict with this goal are outlined. A dance-based model of integration is proposed which includes Jungian analysis and dreamwork in conjunction with a body-based healing methodology, specifically 5Rhythms® dance. Opportunities for incorporation into Jungian analysis are proposed.

This thesis utilizes a heuristic methodology to shed light on the meeting of Western psychology and Eastern spirituality by tracking the shifts that occurred in the researcher’s practices of active imagination, derived from Jungian Depth psychology, and Zen meditation. The use of Eastern practices to silence soul, which has been termed spiritual bypassing (Welwood, 2000), places them at odds with psychotherapy’s goal of giving voice to soul. Eastern and Western practices are bridged by bringing consciousness to the images that underlie them, thus joining the archetypal attitudes that are associated with East and West: being and doing. The thesis addresses the challenge of teaching practices derived from Eastern traditions in the context of psychotherapy and engaging with these practices in Western culture.

Using hermeneutic methodology, this qualitative thesis explores research that
pertains to ancient practices, the arts, imagery, and body work in an effort to develop an
original and creative interdisciplinary therapeutic approach. The proposed method, the
Physio-Psychological Paradigm, an interdisciplinary approach, offers a new paradigm of
psychotherapy that facilitates healing through the imaginal, cognitive, somatic, and
artistic realms. The Psycho-Psychological Paradigm was developed with findings from
current neuroscience research, which incorporates elements necessary to stimulate gene
expression and brain plasticity such as “repetition, emotional arousal, novelty, and the
careful focus of attention” (Siegel, 2010, p. 39). The Physio-Psychological Paradigm
consists of a four-stage therapeutic structure: Focused Awareness and Imagery Work,
Engagement, Release, and Integration. Each stage contains important techniques with
which to access one’s internal experience through imagination, physical engagement,
dialogue, and integration by concretizing the experience through the arts.

This thesis, using an algo-heuristic qualitative method of research, takes the
literary course of a nonlinear, depth psychological approach to provide those possessed,
mythically speaking, by the journeying one, the daimon, with a graphic depiction of the
pathogenesis of the panic attack. In stepping through the portals of mythology, archetypal
psychology, alchemy, and the nonlinear dynamics of chaos science, readers will come to
discover the imaginal reality of Pan, a production of the inverted world of soul.

On the continuum, with the incorporation of the use of mythological, alchemical,
symbolical, and mathematical language in this thesis, an imaginal Odysseus is given the
opportunity to re-imagine the chaotic, turbulent flow patterns of psychopathology from a
radically different perspective. At this critical juncture, if the journeying one continues
onward, this forward leap of psychological faith allows the image to come to its own
conclusion formulated in the psychological equation of the logic of the suffering soul.

This thesis puts the biblical Book of Job into a hermeneutic dialog with Jungian
and Neo-Freudian psychology to research developmental trauma, which is defined as any
serious sustained interruption to, or rupture in, the healthy or good enough psychological
development of a child. The structure, themes, and motifs of the Book of Job are
examined in a contextual discussion with both Jungian and Neo-Freudian theories
regarding developmental trauma. Parallels and bridging aspects were discovered between
these two different psychological schools and the Book of Job, enabling a narrative to
emerge that furthers the understanding of the personalistic and archetypal aspects of
developmental trauma. The thesis argues that the Book of Job can provide guidance and
understanding in the treatment of developmental trauma and that central to the process of
helping patients is the transformation of their relationship to the God Image, or the Self.

The television program Be the Vampire Slayer ran for seven television seasons and impacted the lives of many people. This thesis examines the hero's journey as it relates to Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The series and Buffy's adventures closely follow the path of the hero's journey. The television show also includes many examples of depth psychological concepts that may enrich the viewing experience if understood. This thesis describes several key depth psychological concepts that appear in and are important to the series. The intent of this thesis is threefold. One is to introduce those people already familiar with Buffy the Vampire Slayer to the hero's journey and depth psychology so they may gain a deeper understanding of the series. Another goal of the thesis is aimed at those people already familiar with depth psychology and the hero's journey. It is to introduce them to the world of Buffy the Vampire Slayer in the hopes that they may find an example of these powerful and important concepts in popular culture. Lastly, it is hoped that practicing therapists may gain some insight into the world of depth psychology and the world of Buffy the Vampire Slayer in order to help their clients heal.

This thesis is an invitation for women to consider a radical shift in perspective of
the pain in childbirth. By actively and consciously experiencing the pain of childbirth,
rather than medicating and obliterating the pain, a woman is presented with the means
for emotional, spiritual, and psychological growth. This is possible if a woman can
experience her pain as legitimate pain with a specific purpose—as authentic suffering—
rather than as neurotic suffering, which does not lead to transformation.

This invitation asks a woman to become more aware of her body and her psyche,
to develop a greater understanding of the subtle nuances of the body-mind connection,
and to notice, often for the first time, the consequences of denying one’s pain or one’s
body. If a woman can accept this invitation, she may already have taken the first step of
the Heroine’s Journey, or a woman’s search for her Self.

The stories of three generations of birthing women bring a personal voice to the
historical discussion of pregnancy and childbirth in the United States in the last 60 years.
By using a heuristic methodological approach (Moustakas, 1990) in the process of
birthing this thesis, the author completes the heuristic quest by using the stages of
natural childbirth as a guide for all psycho-spiritual growth.

Traumatic experience alters one on physical, emotional, psychological, spiritual, and social planes, rupturing one’s sense of basic trust in the world. The author’s experience of vicarious trauma response coupled with the growing awareness of the pervasiveness of others’ similar experience made her aware of the ripple effect of trauma out into the community. Self-care is consistently addressed in therapists’ training and clinical settings, yet both environments allow only a brevity of response from therapists. This thesis explores, expands, and deepens the concept of self-care, investigating elements needing attention in order to address fully the conscious and unconscious responses a therapist has to clients’ traumatic material. Continuous tending to oneself and the community of psychotherapists to avoid multiplying the effects of a traumatic experience is integral to the ongoing training of therapists. The heuristic research process was personal, visceral, and conducted with a desire to support those bearing witness to trauma.

Using heuristic methodology, this thesis presents an examination of the question: Can a victim of spiritual abuse move through a schizoid experience of God to an integrated experience of God? Through an alchemical hermeneutic methodological approach, the author analyzes lines from his poetry, engaging analytical psychology and theological influences to understand the psychological effects of religious trauma he suffered as a child raised in a Christian cult. His analysis involves a process of healing and individuation through his work to dis-identify with the archetypal defenses of Christ and the crucifixion, and his struggle to hold the tensions of opposites (good versus evil, human versus divine, and ego versus unconscious) arising from his childhood abuse. This thesis contributes to an understanding of a process of healing from religious trauma. It demonstrates the importance of numinous experience in creating trauma, defending against re-traumatization, and bridging the polarities of the ego and the unconscious in healing it.

Utilizing alchemical hermeneutics as an approach to exploring how trauma can usher in a new stage of spiritual development, this thesis examines the idea of spiritual transformation held by a healthy ego structure versus the disorientation created by the shattering and loss of one’s global assumptions about oneself, the universe, and God. The goal of most spiritual practice is the absorption of individual consciousness into Universal or God consciousness. This desired ideal is held by practitioners of various methods and traditional religious models. The author used transference dialogues to explore how further spiritual development can occur when the spiritual ideal and the linear nature and trajectory of the practitioner’s ego structure are disrupted and their foundations destroyed, making space for the individual to live in an expanded state of consciousness. The thesis proposes a model of spiritual development informed by and contrasted with depth psychological and transpersonal theories.

Disconnection from place is traumatic, creating dissociation and alienation. Reconnecting with place represents an important edge of depth psychology, acknowledging such psychopathology, the self’s need to relate to place, and the psychic reality of the more-than-human world. This thesis draws on the body of depth, archetypal, and ecopsychological thought on disconnection from and reconnection to place. Using participatory epistemological and hermeneutic methodology, specific depth psychotherapeutic practices (terrapsychology, archetypal geography, imaginal interaction) are explored in addressing the author’s Orange County, California home. Cultural, personal, and archetypal stories of reconnection are interwoven through the exploration of Orange County’s anima loci, placefield motifs, dreams, synchronicities, local history, and local psychopathology, particularly as expressed by the myth of Erysichthon and Mestra. The myth becomes a key for exploring reconnection to place as a process of recovery from dissociation and reconnection to the ensouled body of self and world.

This thesis explores trickster as a complex and an archetypal energy manifesting
through the severely mentally ill. Hermeneutic and heuristic research methods are utilized
to promote understanding of psychic structure from a depth psychology perspective as
well as increase the potential to find meaning through James Hillman’s Archetypal
Psychology perspective and “the god in the disease” (1997, p. 50). Chapter I contrasts
medical pathologizing with Hillman’s pathologizing as a soulmaking process. Chapter II
includes a brief history of pathologizing bizarre behavior. Readings also address the
Jungian concept of psyche, its structures, and its dynamics. In Chapter III, combining
heuristic and hermeneutical approaches, the author places her personal experience of
severe mental illness within her family in dialog with trickster characteristics and myths.
In Chapter IV, the author concludes with the challenge to abide with the problem of
severe mental illness to receive its potential to engender consciousness and soul.

Western culture condemns overconsumption and reveres self control, particularly in women. Cultural biases, stereotypes, and archetypes have led to a deification of anorexia sufferers and demonization of bulimia sufferers. These cultural ideas influence psychology. This thesis is a theoretical paper using qualitative, hermeneutical methodology to explore existing literature on eating disorders and uncover the role that cultural stereotypes play in the diagnosis and treatment of bulimia. A review of psychology literature reveals that women with bulimia are overpathologized with comorbid behavioral issues and multiple diagnoses, including personality disorders. Psychology literature focuses on out of control and impulsive qualities in women with bulimia, while stressing the overly controlled qualities of women with anorexia. Western culture, psychology included, views women with eating disorders as archetypal opposites and projects shadow material onto women with bulimia. Psychology professionals who do not acknowledge their cultural biases regarding women, food, restriction, and overconsumption propagate oversimplified and misleading stereotypes of women with eating disorders.

This thesis explores the desire for thinness in Western culture and women's drive to achieve this ideal standard of beauty through gastric bypass surgery. Obesity, compulsive eating, and weight loss surgeries are viewed from a historical, etiological, and psychological perspective. The hypotheses that gastric bypass surgery is the equivalent to surgically disrobing a woman, and that this act leads to the ego's fall into the depths of the underworld are explored throughout the text. The theoretical perspective of self psychology, depth psychology, and ancient mythology highlight the role that the loss of the feminine principle and the dominance of the masculine principle plays in compulsive eating, the drive for thinness, and the decision that women make to remove part of their stomachs, their main coping mechanism. With their stomachs greatly reduced and their armor of fat quickly diminishing, gastric bypass patients experience a journey into Hades where they meet their unresolved wounds. With therapy, this descent into the underworld can be a journey that results in healing archaic wounds, and a rite of passage. An initiation into wholeness is possible with gastric bypass surgery if women take the descent consciously and embrace their wounds fully. With this approach, a grand initiation into higher consciousness is ripe with possibility.

This hermeneutic and heuristic study develops an original therapeutic scaffold for working with a client who comes into therapy with a love for Walt Disney films. The therapeutic framework focuses on three potential components to identify and process in therapy: the identified character, the shadow character, and love archetypes. The author demonstrates the use and effectiveness of her framework through her analysis of her use of the structure in her own therapeutic process. The author presents a discussion of the importance of Disney films as fairy tales, and in the creation of the framework, she draws principally upon analytical and psychoanalytical concepts developed by Carl G. Jung, Marie-Louise von Franz, Bruno Bettelheim, and Robert Johnson.

/***
|Name|ImportTiddlersPlugin|
|Source|http://www.TiddlyTools.com/#ImportTiddlersPlugin|
|Documentation|http://www.TiddlyTools.com/#ImportTiddlersPluginInfo|
|Version|4.6.2|
|Author|Eric Shulman|
|License|http://www.TiddlyTools.com/#LegalStatements|
|~CoreVersion|2.1|
|Type|plugin|
|Description|interactive controls for import/export with filtering.|
Combine tiddlers from any two TiddlyWiki documents.  Interactively select and copy tiddlers from another TiddlyWiki source document.  Includes prompting for skip, rename, merge or replace actions when importing tiddlers that match existing titles.  When done, a list of all imported tiddlers is written into [[ImportedTiddlers]].
!!!!!Documentation
<<<
see [[ImportTiddlersPluginInfo]] for details
<<<
!!!!!interactive control panel
<<<
<<importTiddlers inline>>
{{clear{
^^(see also: [[ImportTiddlers]] shadow tiddler)^^}}}
<<<
!!!!!Revisions
<<<
2011.02.14 4.6.2 fix OSX error: use picker.file.path
2009.10.10 4.6.1 in createImportPanel, Use {{{window.Components}}} instead of {{{config.browser.isGecko}}} to avoid applying FF3 'file browse' fixup in Chrome.
2009.10.06 4.6.0 added createTiddlerFromFile (import text files)
|please see [[ImportTiddlersPluginInfo]] for additional revision details|
2005.07.20 1.0.0 Initial Release
<<<
!!!!!Code
***/
//{{{
version.extensions.ImportTiddlersPlugin= {major: 4, minor: 6, revision: 2, date: new Date(2011,2,14)};

// IE needs explicit global scoping for functions/vars called from browser events
window.onClickImportButton=onClickImportButton;
window.refreshImportList=refreshImportList;

// default cookie/option values
if (!config.options.chkImportReport) config.options.chkImportReport=true;

// default shadow definition
config.shadowTiddlers.ImportTiddlers='<<importTiddlers inline>>';

// use shadow tiddler content in backstage panel
if (config.tasks) config.tasks.importTask.content='<<tiddler ImportTiddlers>>' // TW2.2 or above
//}}}
//{{{
// backward-compatiblity for TW2.0.x and TW1.2.x
if (config.macros.importTiddlers==undefined) config.macros.importTiddlers={};
if (typeof merge=='undefined') {
	function merge(dst,src,preserveExisting) {
		for(var i in src) { if(!preserveExisting || dst[i] === undefined) dst[i] = src[i]; }
		return dst;
	}
}
if (config.browser.isGecko===undefined)
	config.browser.isGecko=(config.userAgent.indexOf('gecko')!=-1);
//}}}
//{{{
merge(config.macros.importTiddlers,{
	$: function(id) { return document.getElementById(id); }, // abbreviation
	label: 'import tiddlers',
	prompt: 'Copy tiddlers from another document',
	openMsg: 'Opening %0',
	openErrMsg: 'Could not open %0 - error=%1',
	readMsg: 'Read %0 bytes from %1',
	foundMsg: 'Found %0 tiddlers in %1',
	filterMsg: "Filtered %0 tiddlers matching '%1'",
	summaryMsg: '%0 tiddler%1 in the list',
	summaryFilteredMsg: '%0 of %1 tiddler%2 in the list',
	plural: 's are',
	single: ' is',
	countMsg: '%0 tiddlers selected for import',
	processedMsg: 'Processed %0 tiddlers',
	importedMsg: 'Imported %0 of %1 tiddlers from %2',
	loadText: 'please load a document...',
	closeText: 'close',
	doneText: 'done',
	startText: 'import',
	stopText: 'stop',
	local: true,		// default to import from local file
	src: '',		// path/filename or URL of document to import (retrieved from SiteUrl)
	proxy: '',		// URL for remote proxy script (retrieved from SiteProxy)
	useProxy: false,	// use specific proxy script in front of remote URL
	inbound: null,		// hash-indexed array of tiddlers from other document
	newTags: '',		// text of tags added to imported tiddlers
	addTags: true,		// add new tags to imported tiddlers
	listsize: 10,		// # of lines to show in imported tiddler list
	importTags: true,	// include tags from remote source document when importing a tiddler
	keepTags: true,		// retain existing tags when replacing a tiddler
	sync: false,		// add 'server' fields to imported tiddlers (for sync function)
	lastFilter: '',		// most recent filter (URL hash) applied
	lastAction: null,	// most recent collision button performed
	index: 0,		// current processing index in import list
	sort: ''		// sort order for imported tiddler listbox
});
//}}}
//{{{
// hijack core macro handler
if (config.macros.importTiddlers.coreHandler==undefined)
	config.macros.importTiddlers.coreHandler=config.macros.importTiddlers.handler;

config.macros.importTiddlers.handler = function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
	if (!params[0] || params[0].toLowerCase()=='core') { // default to built in
		if (config.macros.importTiddlers.coreHandler)
			config.macros.importTiddlers.coreHandler.apply(this,arguments);
		else 
			createTiddlyButton(place,this.label,this.prompt,onClickImportMenu);
	} else if (params[0]=='link') { // show link to floating panel
		createTiddlyButton(place,params[1]||this.label,params[2]||this.prompt,onClickImportMenu);
	} else if (params[0]=='inline') {// show panel as INLINE tiddler content
		createImportPanel(place);
		this.$('importPanel').style.position='static';
		this.$('importPanel').style.display='block';
	} else if (config.macros.loadTiddlers)
		config.macros.loadTiddlers.handler(place,macroName,params); // any other params: loadtiddlers
}
//}}}
//{{{
// Handle link click to create/show/hide control panel
function onClickImportMenu(e) { var e=e||window.event;
	var parent=resolveTarget(e).parentNode;
	var panel=document.getElementById('importPanel');
	if (panel==undefined || panel.parentNode!=parent) panel=createImportPanel(parent);
	var isOpen=panel.style.display=='block';
	if(config.options.chkAnimate)
		anim.startAnimating(new Slider(panel,!isOpen,false,'none'));
	else
		panel.style.display=isOpen?'none':'block';
	e.cancelBubble = true; if (e.stopPropagation) e.stopPropagation(); return(false);
}
//}}}
//{{{
// Create control panel: HTML, CSS
function createImportPanel(place) {
	var cmi=config.macros.importTiddlers; // abbrev
	var panel=cmi.$('importPanel');
	if (panel) { panel.parentNode.removeChild(panel); }
	setStylesheet(store.getTiddlerText('ImportTiddlersPlugin##css'),'importTiddlers');
	panel=createTiddlyElement(place,'span','importPanel',null,null)
	panel.innerHTML=store.getTiddlerText('ImportTiddlersPlugin##html');
	refreshImportList();
	if (!cmi.src.length) cmi.src=store.getTiddlerText('SiteUrl')||'';
	cmi.$('importSourceURL').value=cmi.src;
	if (!cmi.proxy.length) cmi.proxy=store.getTiddlerText('SiteProxy')||'SiteProxy';
	cmi.$('importSiteProxy').value=cmi.proxy;
	if (window.Components) { // FF3 FIXUP
		cmi.$('fileImportSource').style.display='none';
		cmi.$('importLocalPanelFix').style.display='block';
	}
	cmi.$('chkSync').checked=cmi.sync;
	cmi.$('chkImportTags').checked=cmi.importTags;
	cmi.$('chkKeepTags').checked=cmi.keepTags;
	cmi.$('chkAddTags').checked=cmi.addTags;
	cmi.$('txtNewTags').value=cmi.newTags;
	cmi.$('txtNewTags').style.display=cmi.addTags?'block':'none';
	cmi.$('chkSync').checked=cmi.sync;
	cmi.$('chkImportReport').checked=config.options.chkImportReport;
	return panel;
}
//}}}
//{{{
// process control interactions
function onClickImportButton(which,event) {
	var cmi=config.macros.importTiddlers; // abbreviation
	var list=cmi.$('importList'); if (!list) return false;
	var thePanel=cmi.$('importPanel');
	var theCollisionPanel=cmi.$('importCollisionPanel');
	var theNewTitle=cmi.$('importNewTitle');
	var count=0;
	switch (which.id)
		{
		case 'importFromFile':	// show local panel
		case 'importFromWeb':	// show HTTP panel
			cmi.local=(which.id=='importFromFile');
			cmi.showPanel('importLocalPanel',cmi.local);
			cmi.showPanel('importHTTPPanel',!cmi.local);
			break;
		case 'importOptions':	// show/hide options panel
			cmi.showPanel('importOptionsPanel',cmi.$('importOptionsPanel').style.display=='none');
			break;
		case 'fileImportSource':
		case 'importLoad':		// load import source into hidden frame
			importReport();		// if an import was in progress, generate a report
			cmi.inbound=null;	// clear the imported tiddler buffer
			refreshImportList();	// reset/resize the listbox
			if (cmi.src=='') break;
			// Load document, read it's DOM and fill the list
			cmi.loadRemoteFile(cmi.src,cmi.filterTiddlerList);
			break;
		case 'importSelectFeed':	// select a pre-defined systemServer feed URL
			var p=Popup.create(which); if (!p) return false;
			var tids=store.getTaggedTiddlers('systemServer');
			if (!tids.length)
				createTiddlyText(createTiddlyElement(p,'li'),'no pre-defined server feeds');
			for (var t=0; t<tids.length; t++) {
				var u=store.getTiddlerSlice(tids[t].title,'URL');
				var d=store.getTiddlerSlice(tids[t].title,'Description');
				if (!d||!d.length) d=store.getTiddlerSlice(tids[t].title,'description');
				if (!d||!d.length) d=u;
				createTiddlyButton(createTiddlyElement(p,'li'),tids[t].title,d,
					function(){
						var u=this.getAttribute('url');
						document.getElementById('importSourceURL').value=u;
						config.macros.importTiddlers.src=u;
						document.getElementById('importLoad').onclick();
					},
					null,null,null,{url:u});
			}
			Popup.show();
			event.cancelBubble = true;
			if (event.stopPropagation) event.stopPropagation();
			return false;
			// create popup with feed list
			// onselect, insert feed URL into input field.
			break;
		case 'importSelectAll':		// select all tiddler list items (i.e., not headings)
			importReport();		// if an import was in progress, generate a report
			for (var t=0,count=0; t < list.options.length; t++) {
				if (list.options[t].value=='') continue;
				list.options[t].selected=true;
				count++;
			}
			clearMessage(); displayMessage(cmi.countMsg.format([count]));
			cmi.$('importStart').disabled=!count;
			break;
		case 'importSelectNew':		// select tiddlers not in current document
			importReport();		// if an import was in progress, generate a report
			for (var t=0,count=0; t < list.options.length; t++) {
				list.options[t].selected=false;
				if (list.options[t].value=='') continue;
				list.options[t].selected=!store.tiddlerExists(list.options[t].value);
				count+=list.options[t].selected?1:0;
			}
			clearMessage(); displayMessage(cmi.countMsg.format([count]));
			cmi.$('importStart').disabled=!count;
			break;
		case 'importSelectChanges':		// select tiddlers that are updated from existing tiddlers
			importReport();		// if an import was in progress, generate a report
			for (var t=0,count=0; t < list.options.length; t++) {
				list.options[t].selected=false;
				if (list.options[t].value==''||!store.tiddlerExists(list.options[t].value)) continue;
				for (var i=0; i<cmi.inbound.length; i++) // find matching inbound tiddler
					{ var inbound=cmi.inbound[i]; if (inbound.title==list.options[t].value) break; }
				list.options[t].selected=(inbound.modified-store.getTiddler(list.options[t].value).modified>0); // updated tiddler
				count+=list.options[t].selected?1:0;
			}
			clearMessage(); displayMessage(cmi.countMsg.format([count]));
			cmi.$('importStart').disabled=!count;
			break;
		case 'importSelectDifferences':		// select tiddlers that are new or different from existing tiddlers
			importReport();		// if an import was in progress, generate a report
			for (var t=0,count=0; t < list.options.length; t++) {
				list.options[t].selected=false;
				if (list.options[t].value=='') continue;
				if (!store.tiddlerExists(list.options[t].value)) { list.options[t].selected=true; count++; continue; }
				for (var i=0; i<cmi.inbound.length; i++) // find matching inbound tiddler
					{ var inbound=cmi.inbound[i]; if (inbound.title==list.options[t].value) break; }
				list.options[t].selected=(inbound.modified-store.getTiddler(list.options[t].value).modified!=0); // changed tiddler
				count+=list.options[t].selected?1:0;
			}
			clearMessage(); displayMessage(cmi.countMsg.format([count]));
			cmi.$('importStart').disabled=!count;
			break;
		case 'importApplyFilter':	// filter list to include only matching tiddlers
			importReport();		// if an import was in progress, generate a report
			clearMessage();
			if (!cmi.all) // no tiddlers loaded = '0 selected'
				{ displayMessage(cmi.countMsg.format([0])); return false; }
			var hash=cmi.$('importLastFilter').value;
			cmi.inbound=cmi.filterByHash('#'+hash,cmi.all);
			refreshImportList();	// reset/resize the listbox
			break;
		case 'importStart':		// initiate the import processing
			importReport();		// if an import was in progress, generate a report
			cmi.$('importApplyToAll').checked=false;
			cmi.$('importStart').value=cmi.stopText;
			if (cmi.index>0) cmi.index=-1; // stop processing
			else cmi.index=importTiddlers(0); // or begin processing
			importStopped();
			break;
		case 'importClose':		// unload imported tiddlers or hide the import control panel
			// if imported tiddlers not loaded, close the import control panel
			if (!cmi.inbound) { thePanel.style.display='none'; break; }
			importReport();		// if an import was in progress, generate a report
			cmi.inbound=null;	// clear the imported tiddler buffer
			refreshImportList();	// reset/resize the listbox
			break;
		case 'importSkip':	// don't import the tiddler
			cmi.lastAction=which;
			var theItem	= list.options[cmi.index];
			for (var j=0;j<cmi.inbound.length;j++)
			if (cmi.inbound[j].title==theItem.value) break;
			var theImported = cmi.inbound[j];
			theImported.status='skipped after asking';			// mark item as skipped
			theCollisionPanel.style.display='none';
			cmi.index=importTiddlers(cmi.index+1);	// resume with NEXT item
			importStopped();
			break;
		case 'importRename':		// change name of imported tiddler
			cmi.lastAction=which;
			var theItem		= list.options[cmi.index];
			for (var j=0;j<cmi.inbound.length;j++)
			if (cmi.inbound[j].title==theItem.value) break;
			var theImported		= cmi.inbound[j];
			theImported.status	= 'renamed from '+theImported.title;	// mark item as renamed
			theImported.set(theNewTitle.value,null,null,null,null);		// change the tiddler title
			theItem.value		= theNewTitle.value;			// change the listbox item text
			theItem.text		= theNewTitle.value;			// change the listbox item text
			theCollisionPanel.style.display='none';
			cmi.index=importTiddlers(cmi.index);	// resume with THIS item
			importStopped();
			break;
		case 'importMerge':	// join existing and imported tiddler content
			cmi.lastAction=which;
			var theItem	= list.options[cmi.index];
			for (var j=0;j<cmi.inbound.length;j++)
			if (cmi.inbound[j].title==theItem.value) break;
			var theImported	= cmi.inbound[j];
			var theExisting	= store.getTiddler(theItem.value);
			var theText	= theExisting.text+'\n----\n^^merged from: ';
			theText		+='[['+cmi.src+'#'+theItem.value+'|'+cmi.src+'#'+theItem.value+']]^^\n';
			theText		+='^^'+theImported.modified.toLocaleString()+' by '+theImported.modifier+'^^\n'+theImported.text;
			var theDate	= new Date();
			var theTags	= theExisting.getTags()+' '+theImported.getTags();
			theImported.set(null,theText,null,theDate,theTags);
			theImported.status   = 'merged with '+theExisting.title;	// mark item as merged
			theImported.status  += ' - '+theExisting.modified.formatString('MM/DD/YYYY 0hh:0mm:0ss');
			theImported.status  += ' by '+theExisting.modifier;
			theCollisionPanel.style.display='none';
			cmi.index=importTiddlers(cmi.index);	// resume with this item
			importStopped();
			break;
		case 'importReplace':		// substitute imported tiddler for existing tiddler
			cmi.lastAction=which;
			var theItem		  = list.options[cmi.index];
			for (var j=0;j<cmi.inbound.length;j++)
			if (cmi.inbound[j].title==theItem.value) break;
			var theImported     = cmi.inbound[j];
			var theExisting	  = store.getTiddler(theItem.value);
			theImported.status  = 'replaces '+theExisting.title;		// mark item for replace
			theImported.status += ' - '+theExisting.modified.formatString('MM/DD/YYYY 0hh:0mm:0ss');
			theImported.status += ' by '+theExisting.modifier;
			theCollisionPanel.style.display='none';
			cmi.index=importTiddlers(cmi.index);	// resume with THIS item
			importStopped();
			break;
		case 'importListSmaller':		// decrease current listbox size, minimum=5
			if (list.options.length==1) break;
			list.size-=(list.size>5)?1:0;
			cmi.listsize=list.size;
			break;
		case 'importListLarger':		// increase current listbox size, maximum=number of items in list
			if (list.options.length==1) break;
			list.size+=(list.size<list.options.length)?1:0;
			cmi.listsize=list.size;
			break;
		case 'importListMaximize':	// toggle listbox size between current and maximum
			if (list.options.length==1) break;
			list.size=(list.size==list.options.length)?cmi.listsize:list.options.length;
			break;
		}
}
//}}}
//{{{
config.macros.importTiddlers.showPanel=function(place,show,skipAnim) {
	if (typeof place=='string') var place=document.getElementById(place);
	if (!place||!place.style) return;
	if(!skipAnim && anim && config.options.chkAnimate) anim.startAnimating(new Slider(place,show,false,'none'));
	else place.style.display=show?'block':'none';
}
//}}}
//{{{
function refreshImportList(selectedIndex) {
	var cmi=config.macros.importTiddlers; // abbrev
	var list=cmi.$('importList'); if (!list) return;
	// if nothing to show, reset list content and size
	if (!cmi.inbound) {
		while (list.length > 0) { list.options[0] = null; }
		list.options[0]=new Option(cmi.loadText,'',false,false);
		list.size=cmi.listsize;
		cmi.$('importLoad').disabled=false;
		cmi.$('importLoad').style.display='inline';
		cmi.$('importStart').disabled=true;
		cmi.$('importOptions').disabled=true;
		cmi.$('importOptions').style.display='none';
		cmi.$('fileImportSource').disabled=false;
		cmi.$('importFromFile').disabled=false;
		cmi.$('importFromWeb').disabled=false;
		cmi.$('importStart').value=cmi.startText;
		cmi.$('importClose').value=cmi.doneText;
		cmi.$('importSelectPanel').style.display='none';
		cmi.$('importOptionsPanel').style.display='none';
		return;
	}
	// there are inbound tiddlers loaded...
	cmi.$('importLoad').disabled=true;
	cmi.$('importLoad').style.display='none';
	cmi.$('importOptions').style.display='inline';
	cmi.$('importOptions').disabled=false;
	cmi.$('fileImportSource').disabled=true;
	cmi.$('importFromFile').disabled=true;
	cmi.$('importFromWeb').disabled=true;
	cmi.$('importClose').value=cmi.closeText;
	if (cmi.$('importSelectPanel').style.display=='none')
		cmi.showPanel('importSelectPanel',true);

	// get the sort order
	if (!selectedIndex)   selectedIndex=0;
	if (selectedIndex==0) cmi.sort='title';		// heading
	if (selectedIndex==1) cmi.sort='title';
	if (selectedIndex==2) cmi.sort='modified';
	if (selectedIndex==3) cmi.sort='tags';
	if (selectedIndex>3) {
		// display selected tiddler count
		for (var t=0,count=0; t < list.options.length; t++) {
			if (!list.options[t].selected) continue;
			if (list.options[t].value!='')
				count+=1;
			else { // if heading is selected, deselect it, and then select and count all in section
				list.options[t].selected=false;
				for ( t++; t<list.options.length && list.options[t].value!=''; t++) {
					list.options[t].selected=true;
					count++;
				}
			}
		}
		clearMessage(); displayMessage(cmi.countMsg.format([count]));
	}
	cmi.$('importStart').disabled=!count;
	if (selectedIndex>3) return; // no refresh needed

	// get the alphasorted list of tiddlers
	var tiddlers=cmi.inbound;
	tiddlers.sort(function (a,b) {if(a['title'] == b['title']) return(0); else return (a['title'] < b['title']) ? -1 : +1; });
	// clear current list contents
	while (list.length > 0) { list.options[0] = null; }
	// add heading and control items to list
	var i=0;
	var indent=String.fromCharCode(160)+String.fromCharCode(160);
	if (cmi.all.length==tiddlers.length)
		var summary=cmi.summaryMsg.format([tiddlers.length,(tiddlers.length!=1)?cmi.plural:cmi.single]);
	else
		var summary=cmi.summaryFilteredMsg.format([tiddlers.length,cmi.all.length,(cmi.all.length!=1)?cmi.plural:cmi.single]);
	list.options[i++]=new Option(summary,'',false,false);
	list.options[i++]=new Option(((cmi.sort=='title'   )?'>':indent)+' [by title]','',false,false);
	list.options[i++]=new Option(((cmi.sort=='modified')?'>':indent)+' [by date]','',false,false);
	list.options[i++]=new Option(((cmi.sort=='tags')?'>':indent)+' [by tags]','',false,false);
	// output the tiddler list
	switch(cmi.sort) {
		case 'title':
			for(var t = 0; t < tiddlers.length; t++)
				list.options[i++] = new Option(tiddlers[t].title,tiddlers[t].title,false,false);
			break;
		case 'modified':
			// sort descending for newest date first
			tiddlers.sort(function (a,b) {if(a['modified'] == b['modified']) return(0); else return (a['modified'] > b['modified']) ? -1 : +1; });
			var lastSection = '';
			for(var t = 0; t < tiddlers.length; t++) {
				var tiddler = tiddlers[t];
				var theSection = tiddler.modified.toLocaleDateString();
				if (theSection != lastSection) {
					list.options[i++] = new Option(theSection,'',false,false);
					lastSection = theSection;
				}
				list.options[i++] = new Option(indent+indent+tiddler.title,tiddler.title,false,false);
			}
			break;
		case 'tags':
			var theTitles = {}; // all tiddler titles, hash indexed by tag value
			var theTags = new Array();
			for(var t=0; t<tiddlers.length; t++) {
				var title=tiddlers[t].title;
				var tags=tiddlers[t].tags;
				if (!tags || !tags.length) {
					if (theTitles['untagged']==undefined) { theTags.push('untagged'); theTitles['untagged']=new Array(); }
					theTitles['untagged'].push(title);
				}
				else for(var s=0; s<tags.length; s++) {
					if (theTitles[tags[s]]==undefined) { theTags.push(tags[s]); theTitles[tags[s]]=new Array(); }
					theTitles[tags[s]].push(title);
				}
			}
			theTags.sort();
			for(var tagindex=0; tagindex<theTags.length; tagindex++) {
				var theTag=theTags[tagindex];
				list.options[i++]=new Option(theTag,'',false,false);
				for(var t=0; t<theTitles[theTag].length; t++)
					list.options[i++]=new Option(indent+indent+theTitles[theTag][t],theTitles[theTag][t],false,false);
			}
			break;
		}
	list.selectedIndex=selectedIndex;		  // select current control item
	if (list.size<cmi.listsize) list.size=cmi.listsize;
	if (list.size>list.options.length) list.size=list.options.length;
}
//}}}
//{{{
// re-entrant processing for handling import with interactive collision prompting
function importTiddlers(startIndex) {
	var cmi=config.macros.importTiddlers; // abbrev
	if (!cmi.inbound) return -1;
	var list=cmi.$('importList'); if (!list) return;
	var t;
	// if starting new import, reset import status flags
	if (startIndex==0)
		for (var t=0;t<cmi.inbound.length;t++)
			cmi.inbound[t].status='';
	for (var i=startIndex; i<list.options.length; i++) {
		// if list item is not selected or is a heading (i.e., has no value), skip it
		if ((!list.options[i].selected) || ((t=list.options[i].value)==''))
			continue;
		for (var j=0;j<cmi.inbound.length;j++)
			if (cmi.inbound[j].title==t) break;
		var inbound = cmi.inbound[j];
		var theExisting = store.getTiddler(inbound.title);
		// avoid redundant import for tiddlers that are listed multiple times (when 'by tags')
		if (inbound.status=='added')
			continue;
		// don't import the 'ImportedTiddlers' history from the other document...
		if (inbound.title=='ImportedTiddlers')
			continue;
		// if tiddler exists and import not marked for replace or merge, stop importing
		if (theExisting && (inbound.status.substr(0,7)!='replace') && (inbound.status.substr(0,5)!='merge'))
			return i;
		// assemble tags (remote + existing + added)
		var newTags = '';
		if (cmi.importTags)
			newTags+=inbound.getTags()	// import remote tags
		if (cmi.keepTags && theExisting)
			newTags+=' '+theExisting.getTags(); // keep existing tags
		if (cmi.addTags && cmi.newTags.trim().length)
			newTags+=' '+cmi.newTags; // add new tags
		inbound.set(null,null,null,null,newTags.trim());
		// set the status to 'added' (if not already set by the 'ask the user' UI)
		inbound.status=(inbound.status=='')?'added':inbound.status;
		// set sync fields
		if (cmi.sync) {
			if (!inbound.fields) inbound.fields={}; // for TW2.1.x backward-compatibility
			inbound.fields['server.page.revision']=inbound.modified.convertToYYYYMMDDHHMM();
			inbound.fields['server.type']='file';
			inbound.fields['server.host']=(cmi.local&&!cmi.src.startsWith('file:')?'file:///':'')+cmi.src;
		}
		// do the import!
		store.suspendNotifications();
		store.saveTiddler(inbound.title, inbound.title, inbound.text, inbound.modifier, inbound.modified, inbound.tags, inbound.fields, true, inbound.created);
                store.fetchTiddler(inbound.title).created = inbound.created; // force creation date to imported value (needed for TW2.1.x and earlier)
		store.resumeNotifications();
		}
	return(-1);	// signals that we really finished the entire list
}
function importStopped() {
	var cmi=config.macros.importTiddlers; // abbrev
	var list=cmi.$('importList'); if (!list) return;
	var theNewTitle=cmi.$('importNewTitle');
	if (cmi.index==-1){ 
		cmi.$('importStart').value=cmi.startText;
		importReport();	// import finished... generate the report
	} else {
		// import collision...
		// show the collision panel and set the title edit field
		cmi.$('importStart').value=cmi.stopText;
		cmi.showPanel('importCollisionPanel',true);
		theNewTitle.value=list.options[cmi.index].value;
		if (cmi.$('importApplyToAll').checked && cmi.lastAction && cmi.lastAction.id!='importRename')
			onClickImportButton(cmi.lastAction);
	}
}
//}}}
//{{{
function importReport() {
	var cmi=config.macros.importTiddlers; // abbrev
	if (!cmi.inbound) return;
	// if import was not completed, the collision panel will still be open... close it now.
	var panel=cmi.$('importCollisionPanel'); if (panel) panel.style.display='none';
	// get the alphasorted list of tiddlers
	var tiddlers = cmi.inbound;
	// gather the statistics
	var count=0; var total=0;
	for (var t=0; t<tiddlers.length; t++) {
		if (!tiddlers[t].status || !tiddlers[t].status.trim().length) continue;
		if (tiddlers[t].status.substr(0,7)!='skipped') count++;
		total++;
	}
	// generate a report
	if (total) displayMessage(cmi.processedMsg.format([total]));
	if (count && config.options.chkImportReport) {
		// get/create the report tiddler
		var theReport = store.getTiddler('ImportedTiddlers');
		if (!theReport) { theReport=new Tiddler(); theReport.title='ImportedTiddlers'; theReport.text=''; }
		// format the report content
		var now = new Date();
		var newText = 'On '+now.toLocaleString()+', '+config.options.txtUserName
		newText +=' imported '+count+' tiddler'+(count==1?'':'s')+' from\n[['+cmi.src+'|'+cmi.src+']]:\n';
		if (cmi.addTags && cmi.newTags.trim().length)
			newText += 'imported tiddlers were tagged with: "'+cmi.newTags+'"\n';
		newText += '<<<\n';
		for (var t=0; t<tiddlers.length; t++) if (tiddlers[t].status)
			newText += '#[['+tiddlers[t].title+']] - '+tiddlers[t].status+'\n';
		newText += '<<<\n';
		// update the ImportedTiddlers content and show the tiddler
		theReport.text	 = newText+((theReport.text!='')?'\n----\n':'')+theReport.text;
		theReport.modifier = config.options.txtUserName;
		theReport.modified = new Date();
                store.saveTiddler(theReport.title, theReport.title, theReport.text, theReport.modifier, theReport.modified, theReport.tags, theReport.fields);
		story.displayTiddler(null,theReport.title,1,null,null,false);
		story.refreshTiddler(theReport.title,1,true);
	}
	// reset status flags
	for (var t=0; t<cmi.inbound.length; t++) cmi.inbound[t].status='';
	// mark document as dirty and let display update as needed
	if (count) { store.setDirty(true); store.notifyAll(); }
	// always show final message when tiddlers were actually loaded
	if (count) displayMessage(cmi.importedMsg.format([count,tiddlers.length,cmi.src.replace(/%20/g,' ')]));
}
//}}}
//{{{
// // File and XMLHttpRequest I/O
config.macros.importTiddlers.askForFilename=function(here) {
	var msg=here.title; // use tooltip as dialog box message
	var path=getLocalPath(document.location.href);
	var slashpos=path.lastIndexOf('/'); if (slashpos==-1) slashpos=path.lastIndexOf('\\'); 
	if (slashpos!=-1) path = path.substr(0,slashpos+1); // remove filename from path, leave the trailing slash
	var file='';
	var result='';
	if(window.Components) { // moz
		try {
			netscape.security.PrivilegeManager.enablePrivilege('UniversalXPConnect');

			var nsIFilePicker = window.Components.interfaces.nsIFilePicker;
			var picker = Components.classes['@mozilla.org/filepicker;1'].createInstance(nsIFilePicker);
			picker.init(window, msg, nsIFilePicker.modeOpen);
			var thispath = Components.classes['@mozilla.org/file/local;1'].createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsILocalFile);
			thispath.initWithPath(path);
			picker.displayDirectory=thispath;
			picker.defaultExtension='html';
			picker.defaultString=file;
			picker.appendFilters(nsIFilePicker.filterAll|nsIFilePicker.filterText|nsIFilePicker.filterHTML);
			if (picker.show()!=nsIFilePicker.returnCancel) var result=picker.file.path;
		}
		catch(e) { alert('error during local file access: '+e.toString()) }
	}
	else { // IE
		try { // XPSP2 IE only
			var s = new ActiveXObject('UserAccounts.CommonDialog');
			s.Filter='All files|*.*|Text files|*.txt|HTML files|*.htm;*.html|';
			s.FilterIndex=3; // default to HTML files;
			s.InitialDir=path;
			s.FileName=file;
			if (s.showOpen()) var result=s.FileName;
		}
		catch(e) {  // fallback
			var result=prompt(msg,path+file);
		}
	}
	return result;
}

config.macros.importTiddlers.loadRemoteFile = function(src,callback) {
	if (src==undefined || !src.length) return null; // filename is required
	var original=src; // URL as specified
	var hashpos=src.indexOf('#'); if (hashpos!=-1) src=src.substr(0,hashpos); // URL with #... suffix removed (needed for IE)
	clearMessage();
	displayMessage(this.openMsg.format([src.replace(/%20/g,' ')]));
	if (src.substr(0,5)!='http:' && src.substr(0,5)!='file:') { // if not a URL, read from local filesystem
		var txt=loadFile(src);
		if (!txt) { // file didn't load, might be relative path.. try fixup
			var pathPrefix=document.location.href;  // get current document path and trim off filename
			var slashpos=pathPrefix.lastIndexOf('/'); if (slashpos==-1) slashpos=pathPrefix.lastIndexOf('\\'); 
			if (slashpos!=-1 && slashpos!=pathPrefix.length-1) pathPrefix=pathPrefix.substr(0,slashpos+1);
			src=pathPrefix+src;
			if (pathPrefix.substr(0,5)!='http:') src=getLocalPath(src);
			var txt=loadFile(src);
		}
		if (!txt) { // file still didn't load, report error
			displayMessage(config.macros.importTiddlers.openErrMsg.format([src.replace(/%20/g,' '),'(filesystem error)']));
		} else {
			displayMessage(config.macros.importTiddlers.readMsg.format([txt.length,src.replace(/%20/g,' ')]));
			if (version.major+version.minor*.1+version.revision*.01!=2.52) txt=convertUTF8ToUnicode(txt);
			if (callback) callback(true,original,txt,src,null);
		}
	} else {
		doHttp('GET',src,null,null,config.options.txtRemoteUsername,config.options.txtRemotePassword,callback,original,null);
	}
}

config.macros.importTiddlers.readTiddlersFromHTML=function(html){
	var remoteStore=new TiddlyWiki();
	remoteStore.importTiddlyWiki(html);
	return remoteStore.getTiddlers('title');	
}

config.macros.importTiddlers.readTiddlersFromCSV=function(CSV){
	var remoteStore=new TiddlyWiki();
	// GET NAMES
	var lines=CSV.replace(/\r/g,'').split('\n');
	var names=lines.shift().replace(/"/g,'').split(',');
	CSV=lines.join('\n');
	// ENCODE commas and newlines within quoted values
	var comma='!~comma~!'; var commaRE=new RegExp(comma,'g');
	var newline='!~newline~!'; var newlineRE=new RegExp(newline,'g');
	CSV=CSV.replace(/"([^"]*?)"/g,
		function(x){ return x.replace(/\,/g,comma).replace(/\n/g,newline); });
	// PARSE lines
	var lines=CSV.split('\n');
	for (var i=0; i<lines.length; i++) { if (!lines[i].length) continue;
		var values=lines[i].split(',');
		// DECODE commas, newlines, and doubled-quotes, and remove enclosing quotes (if any)
		for (var v=0; v<values.length; v++)
			values[v]=values[v].replace(commaRE,',').replace(newlineRE,'\n')
				.replace(/^"|"$/g,'').replace(/""/g,'"');
		// EXTRACT tiddler values
		var title=''; var text=''; var tags=[]; var fields={};
		var created=null; var when=new Date(); var who=config.options.txtUserName;
		for (var v=0; v<values.length; v++) { var val=values[v];
			if (names[v]) switch(names[v].toLowerCase()) {
				case 'title':	title=val.replace(/\[\]\|/g,'_'); break;
				case 'created': created=new Date(val); break;
				case 'modified':when=new Date(val); break;
				case 'modifier':who=val; break;
				case 'text':	text=val; break;
				case 'tags':	tags=val.readBracketedList(); break;
				default:	fields[names[v].toLowerCase()]=val; break;
			}
		}
		// CREATE tiddler in temporary store
		if (title.length)
			remoteStore.saveTiddler(title,title,text,who,when,tags,fields,true,created||when);
	}
	return remoteStore.getTiddlers('title');
}

config.macros.importTiddlers.createTiddlerFromFile=function(src,txt) {
	var t=new Tiddler();
	var pos=src.lastIndexOf("/"); if (pos==-1) pos=src.lastIndexOf("\\");
	t.title=pos==-1?src:src.substr(pos+1);
	t.text=txt; 
	t.created=t.modified=new Date();
	t.modifier=config.options.txtUserName;
	if (src.substr(src.length-3,3)=='.js') t.tags=['systemConfig'];
	return [t];
}

config.macros.importTiddlers.filterTiddlerList=function(success,params,txt,src,xhr){
	var cmi=config.macros.importTiddlers; // abbreviation
	var src=src.replace(/%20/g,' ');
	if (!success) { displayMessage(cmi.openErrMsg.format([src,xhr.status])); return; }
	cmi.all=cmi.readTiddlersFromHTML(txt);
	if (!cmi.all||!cmi.all.length) cmi.all=cmi.readTiddlersFromCSV(txt)
	if (!cmi.all||!cmi.all.length) cmi.all=cmi.createTiddlerFromFile(src,txt)
	var count=cmi.all?cmi.all.length:0;
	var querypos=src.lastIndexOf('?'); if (querypos!=-1) src=src.substr(0,querypos);
	displayMessage(cmi.foundMsg.format([count,src]));
	cmi.inbound=cmi.filterByHash(params,cmi.all); // use full URL including hash (if any)
	cmi.$('importLastFilter').value=cmi.lastFilter;
	window.refreshImportList(0);
}

config.macros.importTiddlers.filterByHash=function(src,tiddlers){
	var hashpos=src.lastIndexOf('#'); if (hashpos==-1) return tiddlers;
	var hash=src.substr(hashpos+1); if (!hash.length) return tiddlers;
	var tids=[];
	var params=hash.parseParams('anon',null,true,false,false);
	for (var p=1; p<params.length; p++) {
		switch (params[p].name) {
			case 'anon':
			case 'open':
				tids.pushUnique(params[p].value);
				break;
			case 'tag':
				if (store.getMatchingTiddlers) { // for boolean expressions - see MatchTagsPlugin
					var r=store.getMatchingTiddlers(params[p].value,null,tiddlers);
					for (var t=0; t<r.length; t++) tids.pushUnique(r[t].title);
				} else for (var t=0; t<tiddlers.length; t++)
					if (tiddlers[t].isTagged(params[p].value))
						tids.pushUnique(tiddlers[t].title);
				break;
			case 'story':
				for (var t=0; t<tiddlers.length; t++)
					if (tiddlers[t].title==params[p].value) {
						tiddlers[t].changed();
						for (var s=0; s<tiddlers[t].links.length; s++)
							tids.pushUnique(tiddlers[t].links[s]);
						break;
					}
				break;
			case 'search':
				for (var t=0; t<tiddlers.length; t++)
					if (tiddlers[t].text.indexOf(params[p].value)!=-1)
						tids.pushUnique(tiddlers[t].title);
				break;
		}
	}
	var matches=[];
	for (var t=0; t<tiddlers.length; t++)
		if (tids.contains(tiddlers[t].title))
			matches.push(tiddlers[t]);
	displayMessage(config.macros.importTiddlers.filterMsg.format([matches.length,hash]));
	config.macros.importTiddlers.lastFilter=hash;
	return matches;
}
//}}}
/***
!!!Control panel CSS
//{{{
!css
#importPanel {
	display: none; position:absolute; z-index:11; width:35em; right:105%; top:3em;
	background-color: #eee; color:#000; font-size: 8pt; line-height:110%;
	border:1px solid black; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-right-width: 3px;
	padding: 0.5em; margin:0em; -moz-border-radius:1em;-webkit-border-radius:1em;
}
#importPanel a, #importPanel td a { color:#009; display:inline; margin:0px; padding:1px; }
#importPanel table { width:100%; border:0px; padding:0px; margin:0px; font-size:8pt; line-height:110%; background:transparent; }
#importPanel tr { border:0px;padding:0px;margin:0px; background:transparent; }
#importPanel td { color:#000; border:0px;padding:0px;margin:0px; background:transparent; }
#importPanel select { width:100%;margin:0px;font-size:8pt;line-height:110%;}
#importPanel input  { width:98%;padding:0px;margin:0px;font-size:8pt;line-height:110%}
#importPanel .box { border:1px solid #000; background-color:#eee; padding:3px 5px; margin-bottom:5px; -moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;}
#importPanel .topline { border-top:1px solid #999; padding-top:2px; margin-top:2px; }
#importPanel .rad { width:auto; }
#importPanel .chk { width:auto; margin:1px;border:0; }
#importPanel .btn { width:auto; }
#importPanel .btn1 { width:98%; }
#importPanel .btn2 { width:48%; }
#importPanel .btn3 { width:32%; }
#importPanel .btn4 { width:23%; }
#importPanel .btn5 { width:19%; }
#importPanel .importButton { padding: 0em; margin: 0px; font-size:8pt; }
#importPanel .importListButton { padding:0em 0.25em 0em 0.25em; color: #000000; display:inline }
#backstagePanel #importPanel { left:10%; right:auto; }
!end
//}}}
!!!Control panel HTML
//{{{
!html
<!-- source and report -->
<table><tr><td align=left>
	import from
	<input type="radio" class="rad" name="importFrom" id="importFromFile" value="file" CHECKED
		onclick="onClickImportButton(this,event)" title="show file controls"> local file
	<input type="radio" class="rad" name="importFrom" id="importFromWeb"  value="http"
		onclick="onClickImportButton(this,event)" title="show web controls"> web server
</td><td align=right>
	<input type=checkbox class="chk" id="chkImportReport"
		onClick="config.options['chkImportReport']=this.checked;"> create report
</td></tr></table>

<div class="box" id="importSourcePanel" style="margin:.5em">
<div id="importLocalPanel" style="display:block;margin-bottom:2px;"><!-- import from local file  -->
enter or browse for source path/filename<br>
<input type="file" id="fileImportSource" size=57 style="width:100%"
	onKeyUp="config.macros.importTiddlers.src=this.value"
	onChange="config.macros.importTiddlers.src=this.value;document.getElementById('importLoad').onclick()">
<div id="importLocalPanelFix" style="display:none"><!-- FF3 FIXUP -->
	<input type="text" id="fileImportSourceFix" style="width:90%"
		title="Enter a path/file to import"
		onKeyUp="config.macros.importTiddlers.src=this.value"
		onChange="config.macros.importTiddlers.src=this.value;document.getElementById('importLoad').onclick()">
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		title="Select a path/file to import"
		onClick="var r=config.macros.importTiddlers.askForFilename(this); if (!r||!r.length) return;
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</div><!--end FF3 FIXUP-->
</div><!--end local-->
<div id="importHTTPPanel" style="display:none;margin-bottom:2px;"><!-- import from http server -->
<table><tr><td align=left>
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</td><td align=right>
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<input type="text" id="importSourceURL" onfocus="this.select()" value="SiteUrl"
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<table><tr><td align=left>
select:
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	&nbsp;&#150;&nbsp;</a>
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<div style="text-align:center">
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<div id="importButtonPanel" style="text-align:center">
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</div>

<div class="none" id="importCollisionPanel" style="display:none;margin:.5em 0 .5em .5em;">
	<table><tr><td style="width:65%" align="left">
		<table><tr><td align=left>
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			title="discard the existing tiddler"
			onclick="onClickImportButton(this)">
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</div><!--end collision-->
!end
//}}}
***/

On Thursday, November 08, 2012 2:49:08 PM, YourName imported 14 tiddlers from
[[F:\2011ThesesUpdates\Abstract2Import.txt|F:\2011ThesesUpdates\Abstract2Import.txt]]:
<<<
#[[BubashArchetypal]] - added
#[[GillespieGodparenting]] - added
#[[Lee-BrennerRe-collecting]] - added
#[[LynchControlled]] - added
#[[MaghamiInitiation]] - added
#[[McNeillHeart]] - added
#[[MeltsnerDissociation]] - added
#[[NarangMirror]] - added
#[[Pedrini-TalebiGrow]] - added
#[[RojoEffects]] - added
#[[SeyerDevelopment]] - added
#[[ShanunTTRI]] - added
#[[SouchakVelveteen]] - added
#[[WilliamsIntuition]] - added
<<<

----
On Friday, November 02, 2012 10:42:43 AM, YourName imported 46 tiddlers from
[[C:\Users\atoporov\Documents\ThesisWiki\ImportAbstracts.html|C:\Users\atoporov\Documents\ThesisWiki\ImportAbstracts.html]]:
<<<
#[[AtkinsComplexes]] - skipped after asking
#[[BurnleyPsychotherapist]] - added
#[[GreenwoodAmericas]] - added
#[[GunnArt]] - added
#[[GutierrezChicano]] - added
#[[HahnFloras]] - added
#[[HulmeEnantiodromia]] - added
#[[JohnsonStages]] - added
#[[KerruishEmpathy]] - added
#[[KhalsaHungry]] - added
#[[KohanyiInstinctual]] - added
#[[LudingtonFlowers]] - added
#[[MercadoEvaluation]] - added
#[[MesserMoving]] - added
#[[MessianSpiral]] - added
#[[MurdockWalk]] - added
#[[NachumBeyond]] - added
#[[NagataQuantum]] - added
#[[NewsomLove]] - added
#[[NicoletteWelcoming]] - added
#[[Ochoa-BontempsRebuilding]] - added
#[[OwensAnima]] - added
#[[OwensPsychology]] - added
#[[PickCloser]] - added
#[[RattnerCompose]] - added
#[[RobisonTransgender]] - added
#[[RoseEye]] - added
#[[RoskiPearlTherapeutic]] - added
#[[SafiniaHome]] - added
#[[SassoonBeauty]] - added
#[[SchoenbornMyTurn]] - added
#[[SimsicRevisiting]] - skipped after asking
#[[SmithMeeting]] - added
#[[SousaSoul]] - added
#[[SpachCoyote]] - added
#[[SquillanteScarification]] - added
#[[StappFragmentation]] - added
#[[SuttonCouch]] - added
#[[TierramarPerceval]] - added
#[[TrathenBecoming]] - added
#[[VonoWounds]] - added
#[[WaterfieldNarrative]] - added
#[[WellsWomen]] - skipped after asking
#[[WhiteHawaiian]] - added
#[[Whittle-UtterMasculinity]] - added
#[[YoungDancing]] - added
#[[ZumaetaDecentering]] - added
#[[ZvejnieksFamily]] - added
#[[ZwickExperiencing]] - added
<<<

A father models attitudes toward work and success. It is through him, that a daughter experiences a model of authority, responsibility, decision-making, objectivity, order, and discipline. How a father views these areas, affects his daughter's experience of these qualities within herself. When a father is there for a daughter, both physically and emotionally, a woman will be able to easily build a relationship with these parts of herself. This thesis focuses on what happens when a father is not there, specifically following a divorce. The hypothesis is that the father's departure creates a wound that impacts her relationship with her own inner self. 

The daughter's development can be looked at as three concentric circles around her; the smallest circle is the daughter, outside of her is the family, and around the family is the culture. All the circles impact a daughter's development, and this thesis looks at all three levels to understand the development challenges a woman from a fatherless home faces. Utilizing hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies, I look at Carl Jung's concepts of the animus as the representation of a woman's masculine side and find that personal growth requires one to become aware of this contrasexual side. Once a daughter from a fatherless home can acknowledge the loss and grieve, then she may start to heal the wound left by his departure. Her life-long task will be to learn to love her inner masculine and value her feminine identity.

Millions of children are affected by parental incarceration in the United States; however few studies have attempted to explain the psychological consequences of parental incarceration for these children. The present study explores the psychological effects for school-age children who experienced the loss of their father through the life histories of three adult males. A mixed methodology approach is used, in particular ethnographic research methods that utilize qualitative data. It is expected that school-age children will have disruptions and difficulty with attachment, psychosocial, and moral development. As hypothesized, an association between paternal incarceration and psychological effects including attachment, identity development, and moral development were found in the life histories of the men studied. Additionally, an increased risk for intergenerational incarceration was found as a common thread.

Abortion produces high emotional reactions in American society as the debate continues over the moral and biological rights of a woman’s body; however, women’s voices regarding their emotional well-being after choosing to have an abortion tend to be ignored. This thesis explores the trauma some women experience with abortion. The potential of narrative therapy, myth, and somatic therapy to ignite a deeper awareness of their inner worlds and the subsequent healing of trauma is proposed. Hermeneutic research was utilized in regards to particular therapies which may be helpful in treating women specifically complaining of distress related to an abortion. Heuristic methodology was employed in describing the author’s personal narrative illustrating a journey of trauma, healing, and transformation. Carl Jung’s process of individuation is discussed in relation to that journey. The thesis culminates in an analysis of the myth of Osiris and Isis as a parallel to the author’s story.

Over the last two decades there has been an increased awareness around
incorporating mindfulness practice, meditation technique, and body-oriented meditation
into psychotherapy work in a clinical setting to help treat different mental health issues.
These mental health issues range widely; some of which include, depression, anxiety,
stress, trauma, eating disorders, and Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In writing
my thesis, I use a phenomenological research method, which integrates scholarly research
from the field of psychology and neuroscience, along with seven interviews with
therapists who are currently incorporating mindfulness practice, meditation technique,
and body-oriented awareness into their psychotherapy practice. Chapter II covers
research surrounding Buddhist psychology and mindfulness meditation, the effects that
meditation has on the brain, and how different modalities and schools of thought
incorporate mindfulness and meditation into their psychotherapeutic treatment. Chapter
III weaves together this scholarly research with seven interviews from therapists utilizing
these different techniques. These interviews outline what is thought to be most effective
in treating different mental health issues, along with potential hazards that may crop up
when utilizing these techniques.

The treatment of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an important and growing field. The effectiveness of using horses in therapy, and the application of experiential methods, in the treatment of trauma is explored here with a specific focus on its potential in treating returning combat soldiers with PTSD. This thesis reviews some of the common modalities recommended for the treatment of trauma and outlines ways in which horses make an ideal addition to a treatment team because of their natural presence, behavior, and personality. From the perspective of depth psychology, the therapeutic value of the unique mythological and historical significance of horses to humans is also explored. The author engages a phenomenological research methodology, analyzing her experience and observations as an equine therapist working with trauma from a depth psychological perspective and drawing upon the available literature that supports the claim that horses can help to heal trauma.

Combat-related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a growing issue in the military. Utilizing qualitative research methodology, this thesis explores the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of current evidence-based treatment for combat-related PTSD and draws a parallel between symptoms associated with PTSD and the stages of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. Readings from the literature show how combat can regress an individual's psychosocial development and how PTSD symptoms may be due to the regression of psychosocial development. Findings indicate that in order to successfully eliminate all symptoms associated with combat-related PTSD, treatment must address all stages of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development.

There are currently many different methods being applied in eating disorder treatment. What are the most effective ways to treat anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa? Using artistic-creative and heuristic methodologies, this work provides an overview of the current research in the treatment of eating disorders, and an overview of the experience of treatment from a client perspective, including the perspective of the client’s family. Individual therapy, weight restoration, knowledgeable treatment providers, a primary care physician, and involvement of the family are all considered important aspects of the recovery process, no matter what approach to treatment is employed. The use of metaphor, image, and depth psychology in treatment can play an important part in the client’s recovery. This study helps psychotherapists to better determine the most beneficial course of treatment and the best treatment options for the client, including different therapy modalities, inpatient and residential treatment, and adjunctive treatment.

Combining hermeneutic, heuristic, and qualitative methodologies, this thesis explores the phenomenon of kundalini awakening, which Eastern spiritual practices recognize as producing higher consciousness and serving as a platform for accessing oneness with the universe. Western cultures have been slow to embrace the reality of kundalini energy, yet small changes are occurring as studies in quantum physics validate spiritual experiences and thereby expand Westerners' view of human potential. Depth psychology and Carl lung's research regarding the psyche in connection to archetypes and the collective unconscious have contributed to deepening Western cultures' understanding of subtle energies within the body. In this thesis, examples of kundalini awakening are presented, demonstrating its benefits for the individual and the potential for change when this experience is recognized within the clinical setting. This thesis explores a connecting circle of science, depth psychology, lung's theories, and the evolution of human experience in relationship to kundalini awakening.

This thesis explores the use of visual art as a healing tool to work through dysfunctional mood states, primarily depression, anxiety, and feelings of shame. The condition of being creatively blocked is also examined in detail. Using heuristic methodology, the author engages in a variety of exercises including experimental art techniques, the Jungian method of active imagination, alchemical interpretation, and engagement in art groups in order to forge a re-connection to the creative unconscious. Analyzing these artworks facilitates movement toward integration of the separate aspects of the Self, furthering the process of individuation. The author describes creating a personal ritual for artmaking, in order to focus on process rather than outcome. The author documents her participation in an art therapy group and an oil painting workshop. Participation in these small groups, under the supervision of a sensitive therapist or mentor, provided a safe container for fears and anxieties relating to re-awakening self-expression. Twenty original artworks are included in the thesis, documenting the author's journey to connect with her creative energy. The daimon is a central theme and reference point. Dialog with the daimon helps to open emotional and creative blocks. The author suggests that since the creative unconscious is a pre-linguistic primordial phenomenon, engaging in visual art is an invaluable therapeutic tool for promoting emotional healing and growth. This thesis also reflects on the phenomenon of the muse in catalyzing reconnection to the creative unconscious and awakening libido in the service of creativity.

How does the state of homelessness in the United States inform the therapist’s
ability to treat loss? Using the research methodologies of heuristics and participatory
epistemology, and through the lens of depth psychology, archetypal amplification is used
through the Holy Beggar, Holy Thief, Trickster as Aimless Wanderer, the Scapegoat, and
the Soul of the American Experience to examine homelessness as a counterpoint to
rampant materialism and consumerism, as it manifests in American culture. The
historical figures Harriet Tubman, Johnny Appleseed are used as living examples of the
Holy Beggar and Holy Thief. The author traces links between rampant consumerism and
the rise of depression and emptiness in America, concluding that physical and
metaphorical homelessness appear as a state of Jungian alchemical transformation,
helping therapists and clients to reframe loss as a deeper spiritual opportunity for the
individual, the community, and the nation within a living and interacting cosmos.

This thesis employs a heuristic approach in exploring the lived experience of projection from a Jungian perspective within the author's personal life, through developmental phases up to and including mid-life. Connecting and interrelating literature, film, and art regarding projection and related Jungian concepts through hermeneutic methodology, the author explores a man's interactions with women he meets in life (such as lovers, spouse, co-workers, and colleagues) and includes his own experience as viewed from the perspective of a midlife passage. The study explores the effects of images posited within the unconscious of a child or young male. The dynamics of relationship when images are projected onto women by men are explained through the experience of Rutherford Calhoun, the hero of novelist Charles Johnson's (2001) //Middle Passage//, who was a freed slave who confronted his anima projections while working on a slave ship. A man's unconscious has over time acquired and maintained psychic elements originating with images, encounters, and ideas of women and others in his family of origin. The relationships and communication between men and women will be greatly enhanced when men have a deeper understanding of the meaning of what may be at the center of their feelings and interaction with women. In order to reach this understanding aspects of psychic structures that support and describe such dynamics and the process of projection are discussed, including Jungian concepts regarding anima, animus, archetype, archetypal images, complex, mother complex, consciousness, and the unconscious, as well as the contributions of contemporary Jungian authors regarding these concepts as applied to relationships and men's midlife passage.

This thesis studies the population of women who are subjected to and psychologically affected by the patriarchal religious teachings of the Mormon Church. This work rests on the belief, based on heuristic and hermeneutic methodologies, that psychological harm related to patriarchy is profound and has direct cultural implications, creating complex and painful confusion for women. In addition to exploring existing research related to the Mormon Church, and the psychological illnesses that can result from living in a patriarchal culture, the author shares her memories and observations about being raised in the Mormon culture. Essential to the research is the author’s discussion of her experience of individuation and subsequent rejection of the patriarchal oppression of the Mormon Church. This thesis explores how the process of individuation may help women cope with the psychological illnesses related to being raised in the Mormon Church, or on a larger scale, under any patriarchal religion.

The focus of this thesis is the exploration of the process of female individuation through a grounded theory and hermeneutic methodology that utilizes the comparative analysis of alchemical text and myth. The integration of unconscious contents into conscious awareness is the foundation for the individuation process. Some unconscious contents include personal and collective parental complexes as well as contrasexuality. For a woman, the animus, lies at the heart of the father complex. On the other hand, the archetype of Goddess, is embedded within the mother complex. Current and historical patriarchal dominance, with its male centered bias, has resulted in the devaluation of the feminine principle. As a consequence, a woman‟s ability to interpret natural, indwelling masculine and feminine principles, as well as the developmental theory that surrounds them, has become compromised. Ancient texts, such as the story of “The Handless Maiden” and alchemy's Rosarium Philosophorum, offer a way to peel back the layers of patriarchal overlay, in order to gain insight about the fundamental interplay of opposites within the experience of female individuation.

Substance abuse affects nearly 23.5 million Americans; many are addicted, looking for a way out. This research, which uses transpersonal psychology and hermeneutics, asks: How can clinicians reframe the substance abuser’s experience of hitting bottom as an initiation that will lead to the process of recovery and a more soulful life? Many addicts use drugs and alcohol to self-medicate symptoms and effects of anxiety, depression, and trauma; when this coping mechanism stops, symptoms and effects return. Without this mechanism, addicts in recovery have the opportunity to begin an initiation process. Carl Jung described initiation as a three-step process beginning with a rite of submission, such as admitting to a problem and getting sober; to a period of containment, such as entering into a therapeutic environment and learning to live as a substance-free person; to a rite of liberation or freedom, such as celebrating program completion and a new life.

Sexual assault survivors are often hounded by images of the event long after other posttraumatic symptoms have abated. This study envisions the charged interaction with images of rape not as repetition and reenactment but as fervent circumnavigation demanded by the psyche. Depth psychology, imaginal psychology, and art therapy ground the argument that image, myth, and metaphor provide rich commentary on rape and resources for healing. Heuristic and artistic-creative methodologies frame the author’s creative efforts to expand and deepen her response to rape beyond a replay of literal events and the limits of rational cognition. In this endeavor, testimony and poetry are distinct but not separate—they crisscross, or loop through each other—and therapeutic work cannot ignore either, but must voyage the interpolating dynamic between them. The reward is a greater wealth of data to assist in the metabolizing of traumatic events and the transfiguring of their deleterious effects.

The topic for this thesis grew out of the author’s curiosity about a mother–daughter relationship affected by multigenerational consequences of ambiguous loss, separation anxiety, and attachment wounds caused by paternal absence and lack of maternal emotional availability. Utilizing heuristic methodology the author examines the attachment wound and how restoration of the mother–daughter relationship can affect the healing of the mother. The findings include insight into the author’s own coping with and healing of separation anxiety and ambiguous loss. In conclusion, the author offers a view that the nuclear family, although providing the building blocks of psychological life, should not be considered the end product, but rather a continually evolving framework—a journey, rather than a destination.

Life is impermanent. With impermanence comes loss and with loss grief follows. Grief is a universal theme that pervades all cultural boundaries and is an integral part of the human experience. Grief and loss offer infinite opportunities for spiritual and psychological growth. It is through these opportunities for self-discovery where an individual experiences the deeper meanings of s/Self. A daughter's loss of her mother offers another dimension to the journey of self-discovery and growth.
Utilizing the human chakra system, Kundalini yoga and mediation, the journey through grief, motherloss, mothergain, and self-discovery are explored. The human chakra system, in conjunction with Kundalini yoga, offers tools to access the inner self as well as gain an experience of the Higher Self. Several depth psychological tools such as active imagination and sandplay also offer opportunities to discover the myriad layers of grief Active imagination and sandplay offer a language to communicate with the unconscious, self, and Higher Self during the grief process. This language opens infinite doors to meaning, healing, and spiritual growth.
The spiritual tools presented in this thesis can help transform motherloss to mothergain.
Ultimately, these tools lead to the discovery of the Divine Mother and the mother within. Grief and loss are teachers that offer the student a plethora of lessons and gifts of spiritual transformation.
I have utilized hermeneutical and intuitive research methods in this thesis.

This thesis is a hermeneutical examination of the depth psychological aspects of UFO phenomena, including alleged alien abduction experiences. UFOs are associated with alterations in the consciousness of close proximity witnesses. This psychotropic dimension of UFO phenomena is specifically examined here by comparing the images and scenes reported by UFO/alien experiencers with those images and ideas of alchemy that are central to Jungian, depth, and imaginal psychologies. As the parallel between the purported objective of UFO/alien encounters and the alchemical work is teased out, depth psychology and theories from consciousness research are applied. A case is made that the UFO experience catalyzes transformations of consciousness consistent with the Jungian individuation process as well as other models of psychospiritual development.

Margaret Kane
This thesis uses a heuristic model of research to explore how an individual's vulnerability, which some clinicians refer to as the inner child, may become lost or dissociated in early childhood and how developmentally this vulnerable aspect of the psyche copes with trauma. C. G. Jung termed this aspect of the psyche the child archetype, which often represents the totality of the Self and the genesis of who one may become. This thesis illustrates how valuable creative therapies can be in accessing the unconscious and using the transcendent function as a bridge from the unconscious to consciousness in the redemption and integration of the inner child, particularly through the use of dreams, active imagination, and poetry. It includes a personal example of the author's journal, which employs these creative modalities to provide a voice for the unconscious to speak.

In this thesis the author uses heuristic methodology to explore her early childhood attachment rupture, the archetypal split that was created between an all-good and all-bad self, and the tasks involved in healing. This work uses an archetypally oriented approach and constructs from analytical and developmental psychology and object relations to illuminate the fairy tale “Cinderella” as a road map that guided the author through the suffering she experienced toward healing and wholeness. This thesis illuminates the role of envy, the desire for goodness, and the need for forgiveness in integrating split-off and abandoned aspects of self and developing a sense of a good-enough self. It also demonstrates the capacity of the metaphoric language and archetypal concepts of depth psychology, as applied to the relationship between one’s own story and its reflection in fairy tale, to provide a guide to follow related to human suffering and psychological growth.

Throughout the evolution of humankind, stories about love have documented attitudes, beliefs, ideas, and shifting traditions and social conventions, particularly with regard to romantic love. Unconsciously accepting the myth of the magical other promulgated in Western culture, individuals crave love's enchantment, but eventually most will feel the pain of impossible love. Influenced by the theories of Carl G. Jung and James Hillman, heuristic and hermeneutic methods are used to examine and revise some of the defunct myths by which Western society lives and loves. Nowhere is one more at risk of distorted vision than when in the crossfire of Eros's arrow. Analysis of the myths of Psyche and Eros and Tristan and Isolde along with the author's own experience identifies archetypal patterns and themes common to romantic and impossible love in an effort to relieve the shame associated with failures in love, thus creating a new perspective associated with loss.

This production thesis utilizes a creative-artistic methodology to explore the complex and multilayered concept of resilience with the author's memoir of her childhood as the creative work/production centerpiece. The memoir is a poignant account of the author's experiences growing up with sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, and through her personal narrative, she illustrates how she is able to heroically move through that trauma. This thesis gives the reader a thorough overview of the resilience research to date in the literature review, including information about numerous studies related to resilience, factors that influence resilience; along with sections on sexual abuse, substance abuse, divorce, as well as a perspective of resilience in a multicultural context. Additionally, this thesis raises questions for further depth psychological inquiry with the suggestion that researchers may want to look at the effect of past lives and their influence on an individual's ability to be resilient.

This thesis examines the harmful physical, psychological, and emotional
consequences of sexualized representations of females in the media. Until recently, little
research existed specific to the role that the media plays in psychologically influencing an
imprecise and unsatisfied view of the female body. However, now there is clear evidence
that the media plays a major role in disrupting positive self-images of females exposed to
distorted images of the “ideal” beauty.

Utilizing heuristic methodology, this thesis explores the psychological and
emotional effects of female images in the media. The thesis also discusses the importance
of developing one’s own positive self-image in a world where women are bombarded
with negative messages and asserts that public awareness is needed in order for mental
health providers to heal their patients.

This is a production thesis that also utilizes a heuristic methodology to explore
psychological complexes and creativity from a depth psychology perspective. The
literature review examines the history, theory, archetypal nature, etiology, manifestation,
and resolution of the complex as well as the origins of creativity. The author then shares
her experience of uncovering and living with a self-proclaimed creativity complex in the
form of creative-artistic piece—a memoir. Tending the complex in this way is an effort in
healing and transforming the complex and is a step in the author’s individuation. This
effort will ultimately serve the author in her pursuit to assist others in their individuation.

Employing a hermeneutic approach to exploration of the role of dog in relationship to humans, this study reviews literature that focuses on dogs including their spiritual aspect and their place in human history and myth as well as their roles as symbolic representation in stories and dreams, companion and healer, and guide or messenger. Personal accounts and the author's own experience are included in the illustrations of the bond between dogs and humans.
Depth psychology, attachment theory, animal assisted therapy, and therapeutic techniques which include dogs as an aspect of treatment are reviewed to provide lenses for viewing, investigating, and understanding the bond between humans and dogs. In reviewing the ancient relationship between humans and dogs, the theories of Carl G. Jung, Marie-Louise von Franz, and the writings of Aubrey H. Fine, and Martin Becker are the basis for exploration of the meaning and deep connection this animal has with its human companions.
This thesis discusses the implications and ramifications of the close bond of humans and dogs and proposes how dogs can continue to be used in therapeutic relationships to assist in the pursuit of healing, joy, companionship, and overall wellbeing by their human counterparts.

The depth psychological traditions have yet to fully acknowledge and recognize queer theory's fundamental premises in relationship to Jungian and archetypal thought. Utilizing hermeneutic and heuristic methodology, this thesis joins a depth-psychological approach with contemporary queer theory to investigate the possibilities and limitations for initiating a depth psychological posture toward psyche informed by American feminist and gender expert Judith Lorber's tenets on social degendering. Queering Jungian and archetypal thought challenges and dismantles notions of a divided gender archetypal structure of masculine and feminine principles and corresponding assumptions about the essential male and female natures while inviting the field to imagine notions of archetypal gender deviance and multiple gender categories and principles. Clear evidence is presented indicating that degendering suggests archetypes and archetypal images as being performative in nature, rather than expressing a naturalized and objective psyche, which in tum makes for a queer-affirmative and culturally responsive therapeutic process.

The term dissociation typically describes a psychological defense that protects the psyche from emotionally overwhelming events. Research also suggests dissociation contributes to the maintenance and restoration of relationships following traumatic stress and overwhelming social strain. One possible outcome of dissociation is social change. Through newly emerging social-emotional bonds dissociation is overcome, and in the process the soul is tended. Two aspects of late modern American society are shown to interfere with dissociation‟s contribution to social change and tending of soul. These are the Enlightenment conception of human nature on which American democracy is based, and America‟s sharp distinctions between public and private spheres of life.
Hermeneutics, as a theory and methodology for the interpretation of texts and cultures, guides this research effort. Robert Romanyshyn's (2007) alchemical hermeneutics is also used, which highlights the soul‟s contributions to the hermeneutical search for meaning through the researcher‟s inclusion of imagery, self-reflections, and dreams.

This thesis explores the historical progression of empathy in psychology and psychotherapy theories, including the ideas of Theodor Lipps, Edward Titchener, Sigmund Freud, Carl Rogers, and Heinz Kohut. Furthermore, the historical progression is scrutinized relative to the influence of theory making, demands placed by theorists upon the concept, and the departure of empathy from its amoral German aesthetic roots (Einfühlung) toward a Western moralistic association. A phenomenological review of the literature from and regarding the theorists mentioned here is included in the thesis. The research occurred through hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies. The research findings are analyzed and culminate in assertions that empathy concepts are logically unsound, empathy is misunderstood psychologically and philosophically, and that it is narcissistic in structure and nature. Lastly, the assertion is made that conscious tending of empathy blocks a person's capacity to receive preexisting unlimited data from the environment, a form of inner sensory blindfolding.

Astrology is a symbolic language that originated in antiquity and has been connected with the depth psychological tradition since the work of Carl G. Jung. A particular form of astrology, evolutionary astrology, is able to provide powerful psychological insights into the nature of the soul and the problem of evil by allowing examination of them as archetypal forces reflected in the natal horoscopic chart. This endeavor has required an heuristic methodological approach, and has been made possible by the assumption that modem psychological and spiritual astrology is by nature archetypal and that the natal astrological chart reflects the psyche's archetypal patterns; thus, it may yield valuable information pertaining to the structure of the soul. Several metaphysical, psychological, and philosophical conceptualizations of the soul and evil are presented, and the author proposes that evil may be usefully conceived as an archetypal principle that has trenchant separating and distorting effects upon human desire and emotion. A brief historical overview of astrology, a discussion of astrology's validity and its implications, an introduction to archetypal forms of astrology, and a focus on the practice of astrology provide a framework for the examination of three natal charts. These charts provide three differing contexts for an astrological exploration of archetypal evil:
the collective (Heinrich Himmler); the interpersonal (serial murderer Jeffrey Dahmer); and the personal (the author). The process of reintegrating the daimonic within the therapeutic context is explained.

This thesis explores initiation rites as they have been practiced consciously and unconsciously, particularly in modern, Western society. Through an analysis of what has made initiation rites effective in inducing individuals’ psychological transformation, the author asserts that transformational music festivals serve as a means of initiation that has arisen within a cultural context characterized by a lack of social structure and formalized initiation rites. Whereas in the past formal initiation rites guided individuals toward their life’s purpose, modern humans in the West often biologically age without  psychologically maturing, in part because of the lack of cultural instruction and clarity of navigation. Transformational music festivals have naturally grown in number and popularity contemporaneously. It is possible these events have become so widespread because they serve the initiatory function of guidance into psychological maturation that people may seek unconsciously and archetypally.

Through hermeneutic exploration, this thesis examines how the effects of trauma result in splits. In psychotherapy, these splits are understood to be symptoms that manifest and act as signifiers of the trauma. One common diagnosis of these splits is the phenomenon of dissociative disorders wherein the client experiences a division of affect and consciousness as seen in instances of bodily numbing and fragmented sensory experiences. Working with these wounds in psychotherapy requires an engagement with the mythic and the archetypal aspect of the trickster; this figure has for centuries existed in human consciousness and story as a purely liminal being. This idea of liminality is the key to treating trauma psychotherapeutically and from a depth psycho logical perspective because it allows individuals to connect to the thresholds of their  experience rather than to the divisions of their trauma complex. Work with the liminal  is most easily and actively understood through dreamwork.

This thesis is an exploration of psychological addiction and spiritual transformation. Heuristic and hermeneutic research methodologies were used to gain clarity regarding the distinction between compulsive behavior and addiction in addition to exploring the psychodynamics of transformation. Using the lens of Jungian psychology, common themes were found and discussed regarding addicts' relationships to the archetypes of Self, persona, and shadow. This study highlights an inward spiritual journey, archetypal in nature, yet holding the healing potential for the unique expression of each individual who suffers from the disease of addiction. The film Black Swan (Aronofsky, 2011) is examined as a representation of one woman's journey from addiction to wholeness.

The problem of therapist job stress has been examined in the literature under the  headings "Vicarious Traumatization," "Therapist Burnout," and "Compassion Fatigue," among others. This thesis examines all of these forms of therapist job stress as polluted  conditions, resulting from the therapist's role as an empathic listener for those  experiencing trauma and suffering. Purification practices and rituals that work by either  removing or transmuting polluting factors are proposed as methods for preventing and  treating therapist job stress. This thesis draws upon historical accounts of purification and  pollution, existing literature on therapist job stress, and first-hand experiences of healing  arts practitioners interviewed for the purposes of this study. Psychotherapists working  within a relational model of therapy, where empathy comprises a significant portion of  treatment, were chosen as the target population for a study. Co-researchers from several  healing arts fields were selected in order to harvest a more diverse set of purification  practices. The qualitative method of organic inquiry was utilized for the design and  implementation of the study. The outcome is a model of treatment for therapist job stress  that compliments existing approaches such as supervision and personal therapy by  featuring daily practices of purification performed by the therapist.

The purpose of this thesis is to provide understanding of and meaning to how both inner work and couples work sustain a romantic love relationship. The material in this work is explored through a depth psychological lens and the inquiry is guided by hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies. A large portion of this research discloses the author's personal experiences of how individual work and couples work influence a romantic love relationship. The findings suggest that tending the soul through romantic love and nurturing the relationship itself promotes growth in both individuals and the couple as a whole, which results in a healthy and successful relationship. The fmdings offer guidance for other couples seeking connection and growth within a romantic love relationship and for clinicians who are working with couples.

Using heuristic and qualitative methodology, this thesis investigates whether or not the mental health and academic performance of African Americans students are affected when they attend predominantly White institutions of higher learning. There has been much research done on many correlating subjects such as the effects of diversity on campuses, the effects of being a minority on a college campus, minority students’ access to higher education, the role historically Black college and universities have played in providing African American students with access to higher education, the struggles African American students face on various campuses, and how the history of the United States plays a role in the education system today.
This study suggests ways college and universities can assist their students by taking a critical look at their student populations to examine over- and under-representation of different races and training their clinicians in counseling students of diverse backgrounds.

Until recently, the ability of aging women in Western culture to contribute to society has been largely ignored. Since the late 20th century, elders have experienced improved physical health, increased vitality, and longer lives. As the baby boomers entered elderhood, they began to change the complexion of aging. These elders expect to remain active and productive for much longer than previous generations. Late-life divorce after long marriages has also become more common than in the past. Using a heuristic methodology, this research project explores the author‘s experience of a late-life divorce that resulted in a process of psychological growth and a new career path as a psychotherapist. On this pathway, she discovered the archetype of the crone—a complex and wise woman. Her heuristic examination highlights ways in which the expression of this archetype provides rich material for personal growth and offers depth to clinical practice.

One of the last taboos to be openly discussed in society today is that of mental illness and the stigma associated with it. There is a palpable sense of shame attached to being mentally ill; as if it is not acceptable. Because of this stigma from others and self-stigma, many sufferers of mental illness do not admit they are suffering and never get the help they need. This issue has a major impact on individuals, their family systems, and society. Using a qualitative, heuristic research method, this thesis reviews some of the studies conducted to determine where mental illness stigma exists, why it exists, and what can be done to combat it. Also, through personal exploration, a new understanding of mental illness and the stigma associated with it is explored. Finally, recommendations for ways to further lessen the stigma of mental illness are presented.

The objective of this thesis is to engage the alchemical hermeneutic method of inquiry to explore the psychological impact of today‟s new information technologies, the archetypal motifs that drive them, the psychosocial phenomena that result, and the psychological impact on the individual and collective. The body of research on new technology usage is growing rapidly, and the topic offers rich, exciting, unexplored territory for psychology. This thesis guides the reader through an archetypal exploration of new technologies grounded in depth psychological theory, substantiated by neurobiology, evidenced in clinical studies, and expanded through collective phenomenology. The goal of this research is to raise awareness as to the pervasive effects of technology, and their implications to human psychology. By bringing technology out of the shadow, clinicians can identify, understand, and treat client symptoms with therapeutic interventions that address the archetypal motifs, the psychological motivations and ramifications of persistent technology usage.

Life-challenging illness and loss not only have traumatic impact on the individual but also vitally affect the entire family. This thesis is a qualitative exploration of the family grief process and utilizes heuristic and phenomenological methodology. Major clinical and ethical issues are identified, as well as the challenges clients face throughout the stages of illness from: new diagnosis; crisis; recovery; reoccurrence; and death. Auxiliary theories are reviewed and are incorporated to illustrate how clinical support groups can create a comfortable environment to communicate about individual illness and/or loss. The role of the medical community is addressed, exploring how clinical support groups provide services for families and expand the experience for both medical practioners and therapists. As a psychotherapist working with patients and their families grappling with illness and loss, it is necessary to recognize the challenges inherent throughout the entire grief process to determine whether one has the emotional capacity to treat individuals with mortality issues.

This thesis is a journey into the question of why we suffer and how to deal with suffering. This question belongs to the heart of therapy. Possible causes for suffering are explored from a karmic and an archetypal perspective. An understanding of these dynamics led me to the conclusion that we need to tend to and hold our suffering, which, consequently, led me to the healing experience of compassion and my awakening to the world as a divine manifestation. There is no cure for suffering. However, we can undergo a shift in perspective that allows us to bear the pain, be carried by a compassionate universal force, and ultimately see the beauty of the world radiating through all life's experiences.
This is a theoretical paper utilizing hermeneutic and heuristic methodology. It is an exploration into the phenomenology of suffering and the ways of dealing with it. The starting point of my investigation was my own experience. My work and writing for this thesis gave me the feeling that I was both object and subject of my research. My way of dealing with suffering taught me some important lessons, which form the basis of my unique therapeutic approach. My theoretical basis is deeply rooted in the works of both Carl Jung and Buddhism.

This thesis explores how the depth psychotherapist can experience a sacred passage of initiation in the context of archetypal dreams. It examines the intersections of meaning making in alchemical and mythological dream imagery and the numinous experience of initiation. It explores C. G. Jung’s individuation process and whether identifying dream images as archetypal wounds can deepen the psychotherapist–client therapeutic relationship. Using hermeneutic and heuristic methodology, this research uses a comparative analytical lens and the author’s personal process of tracking two archetypal dreams that coincide with the author’s answer to the soul’s calling to depth psychology and the first phase of seeing psychotherapy clients in graduate training. Honoring the unconscious as a map for psychological complexes, emotional states, unexpressed narratives, and symbols of both the personal and collective, the author expands upon an ancient way of honoring the death and rebirth of an individual in a transformative state of growth.

Past studies showed that early treatment termination is more likely with the White
therapist/Black client dyad when compared to uniracial and other biracial therapeutic
dyads. White counselors do not often discuss this therapeutic breakdown. The goal of this
thesis is to provide a hermeneutic study that will grant a White therapist better success
when working with Black clients through the analysis of hip hop music. Using hip hop
songs, this thesis identifies five themes that are vital to the lives of African Americans:
the felt experience of racism, the struggle for an authentic life, freedom, self
determination through right education, and love for all. Understanding these issues may
bring about a deeper understanding for African Americans. This newfound understanding
could yield greater empathy during therapy, and increased empathy begets better and
more successful treatment.

More than ten percent of people will suffer from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in their lifetimes. Because so many people will face the challenges presented by PTSD and because the degree of the symptoms can be severe, therapists benefit from having as many tools as possible to offer clients who are healing from trauma. This thesis reviews the range of treatment strategies that are being used to treat PTSD. These include primarily cognitive therapy with short-term traditional psychotherapy. The author believes that while a cognitive approach has value in treating PTSD other approaches are at least equally effective. These alternatives include depth approaches that include narrative, ritual, and ceremony. After reviewing the literature on methods of treatment, the author turns to a demonstration of the ways in which narrative and ritual may be used to treat PTSD. This demonstration takes the form of a novel that incorporates archetypal elements of a range of storytelling traditions, using the methodologies of case study and narrative therapy to demonstrate the power that stories have to heal.

This thesis addresses the role of childhood trauma in female intimate partner violence. Utilizing theoretical hermeneutics, concepts of early childhood attachment trauma and intimate partner violence are placed in dialogue using depth psychological principles to arrive at a deeper understanding of the relational and psychodynamic factors involved. Research substantiates a strong correlation between childhood attachment trauma, female intimate partner violence, and other psychological correlates: emotional dysregulation, insecure adult attachment style, borderline or other disordered personality traits, and an impaired sense of self. Attachment theory explains how early childhood attachment trauma leads to a propensity for intimate partner violence and its correlates.  Concepts of complex trauma theory and self psychology deepen this understanding. Treatment modalities for men based on similar theoretical models inform a proposed treatment model for female intimate partner violence. A phenomenological study to test the efficacy of both the theoretical model and the proposed treatment modalities is outlined.

Coming into conscious relationship with the unconscious and moving toward harmonious intrapsychic relationships with inner figures are relevant and vital issues on personal, therapeutic, and cultural levels. As individuals expand their personal spheres of awareness, their cultural awareness increases as well and moves humanity toward fuller consciousness and greater meaning in relationship with each other, the earth, and all creatures.
Through the framework of heuristic research, this thesis explores active imagination as it applies to the development of the intrapsychic marriage of feminine and masculine principles. Carl Jung's theory of active imagination is reviewed along with six key concepts: individuation, animus, inner feminine, inner marriage, complex, and archetype. The central body of research presents a series of images that represent inner figures along with spontaneous responses and active imaginations with the images. Two central themes emerged in the research: (a) the transformation and integration of negative feminine and masculine complexes, and (b) the process of growth itself. Personal and cultural lenses are used to explore these themes and their common patterns. It is concluded that with proper respect for the power of the unconscious, active imagination and the externalization of intrapsychic images induces inner healing and ongoing growth.

Unconscious complexes derive from deep within the psyche, affecting the personality. To free oneself from their destructive or limiting influences, one must first become aware of them. Then one may look at entering into a psychological journey in order to begin dissolving the complex through dream work and psychoeducation. Escaping from the confines of a complex and its symptoms can be difficult and require therapeutic support in order to safely traverse the unconscious. This thesis utilizes a heuristic methodology in order to address the formation, function, and dissolution of a complex from a depth psychological perspective. Jungian and psychoanalytic concepts are applied to the author's experience of working with a series of dreams related to a negative mother complex. The research findings suggest that a complex that once held tightly to the afflicted individual can loosen its grip over time and eventually dissolve.

It is important for therapists to become informed about social issues when they affect their clients, such as the psychological impact of infertility and fertility treatment. What obstacles arise for women who are living with the challenges of infertility, and what psychological support can be offered to help a woman and her partner navigate through the emotional, spiritual, and medical terrain of infertility? This thesis uses heuristic inquiry and alchemical hermeneutics to illuminate the journey one takes when undergoing fertility treatment. This thesis gives a voice to the millions of women who struggle with infertility, illuminating the challenges they face and the type of psychological supports that might help them on their journey. In doing so, this thesis looks at how the journey from infertility to motherhood mirrors the archetypal Heroine’s Journey as described by Maureen Murdock, a Jungian oriented psychotherapist, and can become a part of the woman’s process of individuation.

The journey to psychological well-being was described by Carl Jung, one of the founders of depth psychology, as a journey towards wholeness, which he referred to as individuation. This journey involves integrating unconscious material into consciousness. This thesis, which utilizes a heuristic methodology, explores individuation from the spiritual perspective of opening. Opening is not a process of integration but rather of letting go of obstacles to wholeness, including one’s fears, ideas, beliefs, and expectations. The work of Jung, Brene Brown, Jiddu Krishnamurti, and Osho are considered along with the author’s personal experiences. Opening provides a simplified model of psyche as whole, along with a roadmap in which awareness plays a key role in uncovering one’s true self. One issue that emerges from this perspective is the importance of conceptualizing psyche as whole rather than as parts like ego and shadow, because the idea of fragmentation causes fragmentation.

This thesis examines the notion of instinct in depth psychology, together with the relationship between instinct and two processes of instinctual transformation: repression and sublimation. The connection between libido and culture or, in other words, between instinctive energy and its human cultivation is explored. While a number of theorists are discussed, particular focus is given to Sigmund Freud, Herbert Marcuse, and Philip Rieff. This hermeneutical investigation, grounded in both clinical and theoretical ideas, addresses the social and cultural forms that shape the instinctual and supra-instinctual life of persons. The thesis is in the form of an introductory summary of the author's intentions and interests, a consideration of his methodology, a literature review, and a concluding section of critical reflection integrating all of the above.

Paracosms, or imaginary worlds, are phenomena only recently taken into account by the field of psychology, with only a smattering of publications on the topic. Whereas previous research has focused primarily on paracosms' creative contributions to society, the perspective of this thesis postulates the value and role of the paracosm as it serves the internal system of the psyche. The paracosm is explored in its self-preserving function: an internal world that the psyche builds to replicate the infantile experience of wholeness through contact with a continuous selfobject. In this way the psyche is seen as maintaining itself through imaginal involvement in a paracosm, mirroring the self as world, when there is no external selfobject available. Hermeneutic and heuristic approaches utilize both the research of previous theorists and the author's reflections on her own paracosmic activity in discussing the positive and negative aspects of paracosms as a psychological, trauma-related coping mechanism.

The awakening of kundalini is a common type of spiritual experience and one of the most frequently misunderstood. Spiritual experiences such as these may occur to anyone for no apparent reason. Although the physical and emotional upheavals that commonly take place are often frightening and overwhelming, if accepted and understood, this experience can lead to a profound shift in consciousness and greater physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Psychotherapists familiar with this type of experience are better able to assist clients who have awakened this powerful energy within themselves rather than turning to pathology for answers. Further, this thesis posits that Jungian-oriented psychotherapy is an appropriate theoretical framework from which to view and understand this phenomenon. Combining both the hermeneutic and heuristic methodological approaches, this study makes a comparative, in-depth analysis of the various source materials that exist on the research topic, and an exploration into the author’s kundalini awakening experience.

This thesis uses a heuristic research methodology to investigate the author’s grandiosity complex. A comprehensive literature review explores the etiology of a grandiosity complex from birth onward, using Freudian, Jungian, object relations, and self psychology theory to elaborate the developmental trauma that may occur when a child’s primary needs for mirroring and respect are not adequately met. In such instances, the very core of the infant’s developing self becomes fragmented and dissociation occurs, leading the child to identify with a “false self” and adopt a grandiose persona as a coping mechanism. As an adult, dissociated aspects of self take on a life of their own in the person’s unconscious and constellate into a complex. This thesis holds that the archaic behaviors that get triggered when the grandiosity complex is activated are important messages from the unconscious that indicate the presence of an old wound in need of healing.

This thesis explores the loss of ritual in Western culture and the rise of ritualistic practices which express the wounds of transgenerational trauma. In particular, the collective loss of the authentic self has led to ritual-like pathology as displayed in eating disorders. Tribal and cultural rituals once served to guide individuals and societies through transitions, while initiating those who crossed over psychological thresholds in the cycle of life. As waves of immigrants settled North America, tribal ways were replaced by a myriad of practices from other cultures, which in turn have been gradually diluted, absorbed, and utterly lost in the melting pot of American society. The need for ritual is essential in the individual and collective psyche. Yet, modern culture no longer provides rites of passage. Today, people living in Western culture are being deprived of the full knowledge and psychological tools needed to cope with life's subjective events. A growing population of young people has replaced cultural ritual with individual practices symptomatic of Western society's general malaise. Utilizing hermeneutic methodology, this research focuses on therapuetic interventions that reintroduce ritual practices honoring the ancient cultures which can lead to healing introjected symptoms of transgenerational trauma. Using heuristic methodology, I will also explore my dreams, family experiences to elucidate the premise of this thesis.

This thesis uses qualitative research methodology to explore the human experience of suicide and suicidal ideation. It walks the reader through some of the main sociological, medical, and psychological research on the topic. It will examine the inconsistencies in suicide statistics and how the press influences suicide rates and reporting. It then explores suicidality using a depth psychological lens, examining what the symptom of suicidal ideation might be telling the individual. This naturally leads to a discussion of how to effectively engage with a suicidal client, which calls for the therapist to maintain devotion to soul while conducting psychotherapy in accordance with the highest of ethical standards. A reconciliation of how to accomplish both (devotion to soul and an ethically sound psychotherapy practice) is offered. The importance of objectivity while in the therapy room with an individual experiencing suicidal ideation is presented. How a therapist in training can properly train herself to remain objective in the therapy room leads us to a discussion of Vipassana meditation. Finally, the main theories on suicidal ideation are revisited with the teachings of Vipassana meditation and the theoretical viewpoint of initiation associated with the individuation process in mind.

While much has been written on addiction and more recently sexual addiction specifically, as a false and temporary substitute for spiritual connection, there is still an overall dearth of literature that addresses its mythological and archetypal function. More than any other archetype, the trickster seems to capture the character, process, and function of addiction. Using hermeneutic and heuristic methodology, this thesis examines the somewhat recently categorized. constantly evolving, and sometimes controversial diagnosis of sexual addiction. It considers the phenomenon of fetish in terms of Freudian theory, trauma, and as a death-denying talisman. It also looks at how addiction, like trickster, has occupied a marginalized position. Related topics within quantum physics, postmodernist literary theory, and Alcoholics Anonymous attempt to epitomize the uncertainty and ambiguity of trickster as a positive catalyst for cultural change. Trickster helps personify the phenomenon of addiction in an attempt to provide a positive intention that although at times appears confusing and contradictory, actually encourages recovery.

This thesis utilizes a creative-artistic and heuristic methodology to document a depth psychological view of how songwriting as a ritual impacts the process of grief. Final songs are documented on a compact disc that accompanies the written text of the thesis, and a portion of the song lyrics is included in an appendix. Death rituals and concepts surrounding death in many cultures are explored. Through a personal account of the death of a friend, a bandmate, and a part of my own identity, I set off on a journey to discover a death ritual in song. In this production thesis, I create my own death ritual to process the loss of a friend to regain a new friendship with death.

An introduction to and exploration of the reality, impact, and prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this heuristic thesis includes the process of recovery and reintegration that is necessary for the healing of PTSD. This is a discussion of the various aspects of reintegration, which include cognitive and affective components. Because PTSD results in loss, stages of grief using Elizabeth Kübler-Ross’ model are explored. Dissociative and splitting processes are a consequence of PTSD and are explored as well. Also included is the intrapersonal process of healing. The importance of the depth approach to the healing process is discussed in this thesis and is exemplified by way of personal narrative using an outline of “The Hero’s Journey.” This thesis also includes the author’s account of the personal challenges and triumphs in healing from PTSD.

Through the use of artistic-creative methodology and alchemical hermeneutic exploration, this production thesis examines the creation of images and the process of dialoguing with them as a therapeutic tool, helping to heal and empower female trauma survivors. By acknowledging and interacting with images from the unconscious, one may begin to reintegrate split or dissociated parts of the Self, ultimately leading to the reunification of psyche. Drawing upon the theories of Jung, depth psychology, and expressive arts therapy, the author presents her personal journey toward healing, self-expression, and empowerment, which involves active imagination and dialogues with created images. The production, two original paintings, illustrates the process of accessing the unconscious through interaction with images as a way of making meaning and healing from trauma, splitting, and dissociation. Using these ideas, mental health clinicians can gain an additional modality for the successful treatment of trauma survivors.

It is argued that immigration has a lasting affect on adolescents who are more likely to descend into mental confusion as a result of relocation. The author's personal story of migration from Fiji to Canada is used as a starting point, to lay the foundation for a theoretical analysis of five immigrant adolescents' dreams. Utilizing a hermeneutic and heuristic approach the dream analysis reveals evidence of mourning, trauma, anxiety and fear linking to missed objects and dissociation of self. Utilizing a depth psychology perspective, it is argued that rather than pathologizing the experiences of adolescent immigrants, dissociation can be understood as a gift for an individual and thereby an emergent process of the self. An original Creative Visualization Guidance Workshop format is also presented to provide self-care techniques for counselors working with adolescent immigrant students.

This thesis asks the research question, “What qualities found in the life and teachings of Jesus are important in the healing process of psychotherapy?” It examines the correlation among the feminine qualities of Jesus, his example as an archetype of the Self, the feminine aspects of the scriptural wisdom literature, and how those elements at play in Jesus’ life and teachings inform the psychotherapeutic healing process from a feminist, depth psychological perspective. Using a hermeneutic methodology, the research explores Jung’s theory of Christ and the archetype of the Self and the work of various scriptural scholars and depth psychologists that focus on the feminine aspects of Jesus’ personality and creation. Depth psychological techniques such as active imagination and symbol analysis are used to amplify the feminine as embodied in the life of Christ. Clinical applications are provided within the context of my own psychological and theological training.

The tragic myth of Narcissus has been employed extensively by depth
psychologists to exemplify pathological narcissism. This thesis uses hermeneutic
methodology to explore self psychological and Jungian approaches to narcissism and the
maturation of the self, and proposes that Parzival, by Wolfram von Eschenbach, offers a
much-needed alternative to the myth of Narcissus: one that credits the narcissistically
challenged self with an ability to heal, develop, and mature. Parzival depicts the
developmental course of narcissism as a process facilitated by the selfobject relationships
of the hero, and it also exemplifies some of the delays and setbacks that can interrupt the
development and unfolding of the self. Finally, Parzival provides a useful illustration of
the way in which self psychological and Jungian theories apply to different stages in the
process of the transformation of narcissism.

Painting is a therapeutic practice that mediates the space between reality and the inner world of the unconscious, the imagination, and archetypal patterns. Dialogues with psyche happen through art-making, writing, and painting; a healing and transformative function appears during these processes that is both mystical and magical. Essentially, it is a soul unfolding. Using artistic-creative methodology, this production thesis demonstrates how painting with the psyche tunes the individual into personal and collective imagery and symbolism, and shows how the unconscious psyche continuously creates spontaneous images which become visible signifiers that move one into a restorative balance. Grounded in depth psychological theory, topics addressed include dreams, images, symbols, active imagination, sensate and feeling functions, psychic wholeness, the art-making process, and Jung’s theory of individuation. The paintings show how images talk to psyche and how through this process and through the imaginal space, the soul can express a pure state of knowing.

Primary attachment theory and its effects on the father/son relationship have
important clinical implications in the field of depth psychology today. For every gay boy
growing up in America who is not accepted as normal because of Western culture’s
values and gender socialization, the implications are even more profound. The theoretical
research presented here examines attachment theory (Bowlby, 1969; Ainsworth, et al.,
1979), in combination with Freud’s (1925/1995) perspective on homosexual identity
formation and gender socialization. The research examines potential consequences that
these long held theoretical beliefs have on a gay boy and the father/son relationship.
Additionally, a hermeneutical methodology examines an individual’s personal myth,
adult relationships, and how the process of individuation can create an environment for
healing father/son attachment issues. This is demonstrated through the interpretation of
Disney's (1950) fairy tale, Cinderella, and one gay man’s journey to healing.

Evoking soul in the depth psychological sense, this heuristic production thesis explores the question, “How might one engage midlife soulfully?” That is, how might one engage midlife in a way that is alive, creative, conscious, and deeply personally relevant and meaningful? The literature review illuminates this question through the multifaceted views of depth psychology. Chapter III tells the story of the author’s experience in engaging her own personal midlife experience and creating and performing a midlife ritual. The author has found that engaging deeply in a creative process has allowed her to slow down and reflect deeply on who she has been and who she is becoming. In this process she is learning to embody her fighting spirit, to grieve deeply and authentically, and to find energy and purpose in this new chapter of her life with the blessings of the Crone.

This thesis explores the psychological dimension of the relationship surfers have
with the powerful, feminine energy of the ocean. Through a phenomenological and
heuristic approach including semi-structured, video-recorded interviews with avid surfers
and the author’s personal experience, the healing power of surfing is brought in for
review. Many have reported the sport to be the most important endeavor of their lives,
and complexes ranging from benevolent to rageful are often constellated in the sacred
container of the ocean. What is the psychological nature of the draw surfers have to their
practice and what, if any, healing aspect is does the sport offer?

Mankind once held to numerous practices revering and paying homage to
femininity both in her beauty and her shadow. Western culture no longer holds to such
rituals and, consequently, has left a void in modern man’s psyche. I propose that surfing
is a contemporary means by which our culture is returning to the call of a dismissed
feminine archetypal pull and consequently reconciling contrasexual psychic tension.

This thesis is a heuristic inquiry into the efficacy of dream work for those with
PTSD and unprocessed trauma, including sexual trauma. Support for the author’s claim
regarding the healing properties of dream work includes depth psychological literature on
how dreams’ revisitation of past trauma aids in individuation. Common archetypes that
populate dreams are explored along with theories related to their function in the inner
dynamics of those who have experienced childhood trauma. The author presents her own
dream work, demonstrating a method of exploring the themes and characters that
populate dreams. Their roles are discussed in terms of healing trauma, making meaning,
and assisting on her path toward individuation, which she relates to the hero’s journey
(Campbell, 2008). The thesis emphasizes the need for psychotherapists and their clients
to trust dreams and examine them for the archetypes and images that can serve as guides
toward finding meaning and wholeness.

The Animus archetype is a crucial analytic concept that can be employed as a therapeutic instrument to engage a feminine ego in a meaningful inner dialogue with the neglected invisible reality of her unconscious. The quality of Otherness the Animus archetype bears creates a unique opportunity to explore and to examine a woman's romantic relational patterns. Becoming conscious of her internal relational dynamic initiates the process of feminine individuation. Active imagination through writing or artmaking functions as an invaluable container that forges rich, authentic symbols out of the encounter with the ephemeral images of the Animus archeytpe. Grounded in depth psychological perspective, artistic-creative and heuristic methodologies are utilized to amplify the insights cultivated from the author's dreams, romantic relationships, and active imagination and to demonstrate the restorative role that the Animus archetype plays in a feminine individuation.

The Animus archetype is a crucial analytic concept that can be employed as a therapeutic instrument to engage a feminine ego in a meaningful inner dialogue with the neglected invisible reality of her unconscious. The quality of Otherness the Animus archetype bears creates a unique opportunity to explore and to examine a woman’s romantic relational patterns. Becoming conscious of her internal relational dynamic initiates the process of feminine individuation. Active imagination through writing or artmaking functions as an invaluable container that forges rich, authentic symbols out of the encounter with the ephemeral images of the Animus archeytpe. Grounded in depth psychological perspective, artistic-creative and heuristic methodologies are utilized to amplify the insights cultivated from the author’s dreams, romantic relationships, and active imagination and to demonstrate the restorative role that the Animus archetype plays in a feminine individuation.

Through my thesis I intend to argue that ontological inquiry is not only a legitimate concern but that it can be seen as an ethical responsibility for all clinicians to identify, define, and explore their core beliefs about the nature of the universe and our relationship to it. It is my contention that these bedrock beliefs cannot fail to deeply impact and inform our intentions, our thoughts and feelings, our actions, and most certainly the beliefs that give rise to our theoretical constructs. Clarifying ourselves to ourselves allows the influence that these deeply held beliefs can wield to be consciously owned and directed by clinicians rather than righteously projected onto their work, as well as elsewhere. Furthermore, I believe that with the advent of the postmodern era, a mandate such as I have just suggested will more often be met with a growing sense of relevance, characterized by a natural curiosity rather than the smug disdain of a positivistic worldview. It seems fitting that this thesis which has sewed both to symbolize the end of my formal educational training as well as an initiation into my professional life, also be employed as a vehicle to deepen and clarify my understanding of the continuum between the physical and metaphysical aspects of our universe. I plan to proceed by thoughtfully immersing myself, using hermeneutic methodology, in what appears to be the dawning of a post modem era, paying particular attention to the revolutionary epistemological implications of the theories of special and general relativity, quantum physics, and string theory. My intent is to then allow those impressions to imaginally mingle with my own personal philosophy of life and thereby intertwine by means of heuristic methodology, the new information gleaned from the material researched for this work with my previous ontological notions to inform, adjust, deepen, and further clarify my current understanding of our universe, as well as my relationship to it. My goal is to encourage as well as justify the need for clinicians to journey down to the bedrock of their core beliefs in order to own as well as define them, and then through my efforts herein, to model one version of such a journey.

Current research in psychology indicates that self-injury, often referred to as  non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), might be increasing in today's society, especially  in non-clinical populations. This behavior includes anything that inflicts immediate injury on the body without the intent to die. As a misunderstood and often fear-provoking gesture NSSI  deserves examination in order to help both practitioners and the general population better  understand why someone would willingly and often obsessively injure their bodies. Using traditional hermeneutic methodology, the author provides a depth psychological  analysis of the historical context of self-injury, alongside and examination of current  neurobiological research and other studies, positing a theory about the archetypal meaning of NSSI.  This theory suggests that NSSI behavior often symbolically represents an attempt by the person to  give a sacrifice as a way to gain redemption from their chaotic and painful inner world.

All too often the body is dismissed from the therapy room and becomes the missing piece in the process of healing. The purpose of this research is to integrate the body into the therapeutic dialogue within the structure of a class. Utilizing a heuristic and a hermeneutic approach the author develops a template for a class in which participants create a healthy, conscious relationship to their bodies. The class involves gentle stretching with a strong focus on the sensations created by the stretch. These sensations can then be developed into a tale by the person; thus participants give shape and meaning to their experience.
Sources related to depth psychology and archetypal theory as well as relevant sources regarding attachment are explored and enter into dialogue with one another. The prevalence of various degrees of trauma in early life affects the capacity of a person to be resilient to trauma across the lifetime. Herein is a template designed to reconnect one with the powerful instinctual energy found in the recognition of the body-mind continuum. The beneficiary then has access to the healing potential of the whole.

The gifted individual's experience of depression can be intensified by the presence of heightened cognitive abilities and emotional awareness. Through heuristic research into the author's depression, this thesis addresses the specific needs of a gifted individual in therapy. By addressing clinical responses to introversion, depression, intense experiencing, defenses, and resistance, as well as the integration of childhood healing modalities into the therapeutic relationship, this study adds depth and breadth to the existing literature of gifted counseling. Theories of gifted development are explored, focusing on emotional and cognitive differences between gifted and non-gifted individuals. A discussion of the process of recovery from dysthymia, major depression, and suicidal ideation in a gifted individual addresses some clinical concerns that are present in the psychological treatment of gifted children, adolescents, and adults.

This work is an exploration of the relationship between certain conditions addressed and treated by psychotherapy and the sense of a fall, described in many myths of origin. It begins by noting the prevalence of the theme of falleness in a vast array of cultural expressions, in myth and literature, in religious practice and speculative thought. This intuition of fallibility is expressed too in the prevalence of certain psychological states which indicate a being who is at odds with itself and prone to going astray. It often irrupts in states of great intensity, such as unhappiness and despair. It is of clinical significance because these symptoms, among others, correspond to the most common categories of mental disorders, those of mood and anxiety. The pattern of falling, of living in a world that expressed this condition, and of recovering, can be found in many traditions - in myth, literature, philosophy, religion, and psychology, for example - and it is in noting this pattern that one may gain insights relevant to the therapeutic setting. Throughout the work, such parallels are explored and clinical applications are offered. A given type of myth, with its proposals about the nature of falleness, will suggest one way of interpreting the events of a life, rather than another, and may suggest a path of return and recovery.
In regard to method, the focus in this work is on the human describing his own condition, collectively, in myth and literature, and privately, in the setting of therapy. The method thus is primarily that of phenomenological description applied to existential themes, that is, to the
moods that pervade everyday life and show forth in mythical narratives. In exhibiting certain patterns that occur in myths of the fall and exploring the theme of falleness as it appears in the literature of depth psychology and other disciplines, one begins to take in the breadth of the problem, which is constitutive of human nature. This work poses the question: What can be learned from this insight that will further the work of therapy? The first hint of an answer appears in the diversity of expression in which the intuition of falleness appears, which allows the therapist to seek out the perspective that is most familiar to the patient.

Posttraumatic stress disorder attacks an individual's psyche in a way that can destroy one's life. This theoretical and phenomenological thesis explores the evolution of posttraumatic stress disorder from its beginnings with Freud and his study of neurosis to modern day psychotherapy. Understanding the theoretical development of posttraumatic stress disorder will lead into how the psyche is affected by trauma and the psyche's defense mechanisms to protect the trauma survivor from traumatic residue. Different treatment methods used for trauma will be examined to show the evolution of trauma treatments. These treatments include: association, electric shock treatment, talk therapy, abreaction and catharthis, cognitive-behavioral therapy, person-centered therapy, eye movement desensitization reprocessing, linguistic encoding, guided re-experiencing, group therapy, individual therapy, and "Seeking Safety" treatment for co-occurring disorders. Secondly, this thesis explores a trainee's experiences in working with combat posttraumatic stress disorder and military sexual trauma. These experiences brought about an understanding of and respect for the power of posttraumatic stress disorder and insight into how the use of depth psychology is beneficial as a treatment modality for trauma survivors. Lastly, this thesis will discuss posttraumatic stress and sexual trauma in the contemporary American military.

This thesis uses hermeneutic methodology to inquire whether incorporating a Jungian, depth perspective of the feminine principle and body psychotherapy can contribute to the treatment of attachment trauma. Attachment trauma involves betrayal and emotional neglect, which contributes to the development of shame, grief, anger, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, detachment, and dissociation. The feminine principle, which embraces and honors intuition, creativity, dreams, emotional experience, the imagination, and the unconscious is examined, along with body-oriented psychotherapy. which allows for unremembered bodily experiences from trauma to come into conscious awareness. A case study of a fictional character who has suffered early attachment trauma in the film Lars and the Real Girl is provided in order to demonstrate how using an approach that includes both the feminine principle and body psychotherapy can better prepare therapists in treating clients who have repressed overwhelming and traumatic emotions from emotional and physical abandonment.

This thesis offers an understanding of couples therapy and, utilizing hermeneutic
methodology, proposes that couples therapy is best employed using an integrative
therapeutic method with evidence-based practices, including depth psychotherapy. With
the exploration of eight different theories of couples therapy, the reader is afforded a
wide variety of theories to draw from, including examples of how to integrate these
theories, such as combining object relations with family systems theory.
Using artistic-creative methodology, a fictional sample of one person’s relationship
history provides a template for applying and better understanding the theories.
Relationship is shown to be a potential vehicle for the healing of past wounds, aiding
individuation, and transformation of the soul.

The thesis demonstrates that considering solutions for relationship conflict may
lie outside the box of traditional patterns of partnering. In this sense, this work also
challenges conventional relationship paradigms with the introduction of polyamory.

It is essential to tend to the environment in which service to others is practiced. Regarding the importance of the design of the therapeutic office, therapists are given concrete reasons for considering how they design and maintain their therapeutic settings. The historical practice of Feng Shui, the Chinese art of arrangement, is applied to the specific purposes of the therapeutic office. Through a study of Hestia, the Greek goddess of the hearth, the importance of place is delineated. Carl G. Jung's use of symbology is also consulted to explore the importance of mindfulness. In the practice of psychology many clients have specific diagnoses to be considered. Therapists are advised to be mindful of the environment and its relation to the needs of their clients. A creative analysis of three disorders-anxiety, depression, and narcissism-is the basis for an office design for treatment of each. In being mindful of the environment, the therapist discovers a tool for managing the practice.

In the course of the last few years in applied psychology, three theoretical approaches to psychotherapy and one religion/philosophy have surfaced in the collective mind, and keep coming up; it is as though they belonged together. Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory [MI] (2004) and the theories of Heinz Kohut (Rowe and Mac Isaac, 1991), Jack Kornfield (1993), and several thousand years of Buddhist teaching might seem to have little in common; however, the experience-near work of Kohut blends well with the therapeutic techniques of Kornfield in his work as a psychotherapist. Gardner's MI theory provides a series of paths that is compatible with both, and Buddhism complements them all. Put together, they could form a potent form of psychotherapy. They also allow room for the protocols of many other therapies. This thesis addresses these possibilities, using hermeneutic methodology, and presents a model for couples' therapy based on them.

This thesis focuses closely on the essential need for attachment between a child and caregiver during the first 2 years of life. Through heuristic research, it shows how a lack of attachment might be compensated for through a faith in God and service as a priest. It looks at priesthood and its origins as well as preparation for ordination. It illustrates that preparation for priesthood remained fixed from the time of the Reformation in the 16th century until the tidal wave of reform in the Church in the latter half of the 20th century. The work of child therapists, John Bowlby and Donald Winnicott, is examined, showing the need for attachment between a mother and her baby or, in the absence of the mother, a suitable substitute.

This thesis is an exploration of the animus theory as first introduced by Carl Jung.
Qualitative research is used involving library research and synthesis and analysis of
existing ideas including an autobiographical memoir combining the hermeneutical and
heuristic methodologies. Using theories of analytical psychology to amplify a woman’s
lived experience, animus transformation is described along the lifecycle continuum.
Pinning theory to a lived experience is the model used to describe potential
transformation along the path of self-discovery and psychic growth in therapeutic
settings. By understanding how psychological and spiritual change is impacted by
personal history and social context, an expanded view of the animus theory is possible in
society today.

From a socio-cultural and multi-theoretical viewpoint, this thesis examines the
elements involved in creating effective therapeutic interventions such as the Board
exercise that address criminal patterns of thinking and behaving in substance-abusing
offenders. The theories of cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing
techniques, 12-step programs, the therapeutic community model, and depth
psychotherapy techniques are blended in the Short Term Intensive Remediation
Residential Treatment program (STIRRT) in which The Board intervention is used.
These varied approaches work with the diverse understanding of change that the clients
hold about their own ability to alter their substance abuse and criminal behavior. The
active learning process that is experienced by clients performing the Board exercise, the
feedback from peers and the focus on empowering clients to learn from their own
experience make this technique and approach effective with a population that struggles
with authority. Using grounded theory’s methodology, the author proposes that the
substance abusing offenders concern with power due to the experience of trauma
underlies the symptoms of substance abuse and criminal behavior and can be effectively
addressed in The Board exercise to reduce relapse and recidivism.

Depression is suffering and our resistance to suffering. This thesis examines that resistance, the place of being caught between life and death while still clinging to an unsatisfying life. Using the Sumerian tale of Inanna and her underworld sister Ereshkigal, the Greek story of Persephone, and the Inuit myth of Sedna, this thesis examines stories of women descending to the underworld to understand the author’s story of descent and the larger story of depression in women. This process explicates and explores the fundamental relationship between depression and creativity in women. Women must be willing to submit to their inner suffering voice to access their full potency and force, although this takes time, sacrifice, and loss of control. Theoretical foundations of this hermeneutic and heuristic research come from the work of Carl Jung, Marie&ndash;Louise von Franz, Sylvia Brinton Perera, Barbara Stevens Sullivan, and other Jungian analysts and scholars from other disciplines.

NATURE BASED EXPERIENTIAL THERAPY (NBET)
By Danielle E. Lucia
Nature Based Experiential Therapy (NBET) is a way of working with people that combines elements of depth psychology, cognitive behavioral psychology, and humanistic psychology. Done in a nature based setting, NBET is a new way of looking at wilderness, adventure, and adventure based therapies. This thesis explores the components of NBET through the use of the author's first hand account within this field.
Nature Based Experiential Therapy combines both the philosophic. (humanistic and depth) and scientific (cognitive behavioral) approaches to psychology. NBET also allows the participant to connect to the natural landscape and environment. This type of therapy aims to provide a holistic approach to therapy, connecting the body, mind, and soul.

Using phenomenological and artistic-creative research, this production thesis is an exploration of the impact of the patriarchal principles of institutional religions on women. This study explores the need for the transformational energy of the Goddess for the emergence of a new consciousness capable of taking humanity into the future. An established connection with this energy can positively transform every fundamental relationship in a woman's life. Data gathered from interviews of woman who grew up in the Catholic Church explains where these women now turn to find the sacred. The production portion of the thesis is the author's physical creation of a book, the covers and binding of which are a personal reflection of this thesis and represent the evolution of feminine and masculine consciousness toward an inner harmony. The book symbolizes the lost feminine dimensions of the Divine with masculine symbols of God.

Living life as a false self begins with childhood trauma and can lead to a number of pathological disturbances, including depression and addiction. These disturbances emerge out of the pain felt from the loss of authentic expression. From depth psychological and archetypal perspectives, these symptoms are an inner message or calling to discover missing parts. This thesis investigates how one can retrieve missing parts of an authentic self. Using a heuristic research methodology, the researcher has combined her personal encounter with explored material. Discovery of the powerful forces of the unconscious that keep a false self in place is surveyed. Findings reveal that restoration of one's true potential is a long journey, but worthy of effort. Therapeutically, this thesis can be helpful in exploring meaning of client suffering through the use of story and symbolism.

For the most part, therapists know very little about the field of coaching. Many believe that they have some idea and automatically bash the field. Within the literature there are very few, if any, therapists who have defined coaching unless they have gone on to become coaches themselves. The majority of the definitions of coaching are forged by coaches in the attempt to differentiate the field of coaching from that of psychologyThe burden lies with the coach to create a field that is different from psychology or therapy, especially since coaching is not regulated by the state of California or any other board. Therefore, every definition that I have encountered is ensured to say what coaching is not: therapy. This exclamation, made by the entire field, is made in the simplest of terms and absolute language. However, once the two fields are broken down into concrete methods and practices, they seem to be much closer than originally anticipated and declared by literature.
Through the use of henneneutical methodology, this paper sets out to explore the true differences between therapy and coaching, how and why coaching was developed, how it is changing in today's society, and what the implications are for the future of the practice. I hope to give therapists a greater understanding of coaching. I shall also provide some additional history for coaches so that they can better understand the roots of their practice and offer additional sources for exploration of the human relationship.
Lastly, I formulate an argument for using an integrated model of both therapy and coaching to best support the growth of the client. As clients work through past traumas and heal the wounds of their past, they become well suited to continue their personal development through coaching. In this model, therapy works to help clients strengthen their egos as they uncover the unconscious energy that previously controlled their behavior and well being. As they gain a closer relationship with themselves, clients find themselves in a position to create something out of their new understanding and bring it forth into their communities and the world as a whole.

This thesis explores the concept of the corporation, its impact on humans, and
psychology’s symbiotic role between the two. This paper contends that a corporation is a
nonliving, nonfeeling, legal entity, considered a person in the eyes of the law, whose sole
legal purpose is to earn ever-increasing profits for its investors. It values profit over life
and has grown to dominate humans’ physical and cultural environments. In stark contrast
to the corporation, humans are living, feeling organisms, whose survival depends upon
empathy, physical and emotional connection, and cooperation with others. Utilizing
hermeneutic methodology, this thesis examines the essential problem that arises when
profit is valued over life, and the toxic effect this has on humans. Mainstream psychology
is exposed for its participation within this status quo, and suggestions are made for those
in the healing professions to take an active role towards humans’ liberation from this
corporate-controlled paradigm.

Much has been written about the use of horses in equine assisted therapy. Little has been written about how psychotherapists can benefit from learning to communicate with horses through natural horsemanship, and how that nuanced method of communication can enhance a therapist's practice of psychotherapy. A relationship with a horse can have profound effects on both the horse and the human. Using hermeneutical and heuristic methodologies, this thesis focuses on how, through relationships with horses, therapists can enhance their command of nonverbal communication, insight, and empathy. Psychological literature and horsemanship literature, along with personal experiences of the author, are used to show how cultivating a relationship with a horse can help a psychotherapist develop essential, fundamental therapeutic skills used in the therapy room. The horse-human relationship is a source of experiential learning that contributes to a psychotherapist's efficacy in the field of counseling and depth psychology.

Two images of the archetype of the Father are presented in this thesis. The first is
Cronos, son of Heaven and father of Zeus, an image from Greek mythology typically
used to portray the archetype of the Father in analytical psychology. The argument is
made that this image is tainted with patriarchy and that new, contemporary images are
needed in clinical practice.

Post-Jungian scholar James Hillman’s concept of senex-et-puer is proposed as the
basis for a new image. It is consistent with the classical Jungian view of the Father as an
aspect of the masculine, that is, consciousness, and is free of gender connotations. Wotan,
the protagonist in Richard Wagner’s opera cycle The Ring of the Nibelung, is offered as
an image of the Father conceived in this way.

Alchemical hermeneutic methodology is employed to relate concept and image in
the context of the researcher’s own experience.

The purpose of this thesis is to expand awareness of the neurological condition termed synesthesia and its clinical implications for the field of depth psychology through a combination of literature review and personal experience utilizing a heuristic methodology. Synesthesia occurs when sensory stimulation in one modality simultaneously evokes an automatic, involuntary experience within a second, separate modality. This paper will explore early historical references to synesthesia, examine current available objective research, and offer an in-depth personal journey of the condition as experienced by the author. The thesis continues and concludes by illuminating the intrinsic properties and uses of the synesthetic experience and how it may relate and compliment various methodologies within a clinical setting to enrich a therapist’s work.

In the United States today women are statistically more depressed than men (Somerset, Newport, Ragan, & Stowe, 2006). In this patriarchal context, depression and oppression can become the myths women live by. Through this production thesis I explore the clinical value of such archetypal stories in the treatment of depression and specifically ask: As a modern woman how do painful life experiences relate to the mythic journey into the underworld, as exemplified by the feminine myth of Persephone? Using heuristic methodology (Moustakas, 1990) I depict my life experiences through writing a modern archetypal story. The story's themes include a descent to the underworld, betrayal, and loss of self. The archetypal themes are then compared to the myth of the Persephone. This research indicates that myths can be used clinically as a psychosocial intervention through which women can find meaning and universality in their struggles with depression and oppression.

This thesis discusses the archetype of initiation and its relation to men in Western culture. Violence in rituals is analyzed along with the role of combat sports. Dynamics associated with fighting such as the relationship of coach and fighter, sparring, exercising, and competing are explored through a depth psychological approach. Separation, teachings, death, and rebirth are examined. The author uses a narrative of his own journey in the world of combat sports to illustrate the initiatory process. The values of ritualized fighting are introduced. This production thesis employs a heuristic methodology to present an exploration of the author's experience of theoretical perspectives during a period of training and competing in various martial arts. The fighting process is reviewed from both a psychological perspective in published literature and from personal experience in an accompanying video. The video brings the written material to life and expands on the anatomy of a fight as well as the psychological processes interwoven within the fight gym.

This thesis is a heuristic exploration of the psychological death and rebirth women may experience during initiation into motherhood within American culture. Guided by the author's personal experience, dreams, and myths, this thesis examines the initiatory process and requirements of mothers-to-be and the cultural support typically available during the transformation occurring throughout pregnancy and childbirth. Evidence suggests that too little cultural awareness and structured support of new mothers' psychological initiatory needs may adversely influence the onset of, and prolong, postpartum depression, a prevalent concern in the United States. In the absence of cultural support, archetypal motifs describing the symbolic and historic transition from maiden to mother may assist initiates through the complex psychological process of becoming mothers. Therefore, depth psychology may provide clinicians and laypeople with awareness of the important and timeless transition new mothers may face, as well as the language to both guide and witness maidens becoming mothers.

Money is one of the strongest driving forces in society today. Its power over the human experience is widespread, yet many people are blind to their relationship with money and the psychological effects it has on them. Money has become a taboo topic in present-day society; even in psychotherapy it is swept under the rug. Employing heuristic methodology, this thesis uses a depth psychological approach to explore how awareness of one's relationship with money can facilitate the healing of wounds caused by the misuse of money. The author uses her personal experiences with the money complex, along with existing research, to better understand this phenomenon. The findings show that in raising awareness around one's own money complex, one finds that money may be used as an instrument of the soul rather than just a mere instrument of functioning, or surviving, in today's modem society.

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This thesis is a heuristic exploration, from a depth psychological perspective, of how viewing the more-than-human natural world through the soul’s perspective offers the author’s work as a psychotherapist the potential to more deeply serve and understand her clients. Ecopsychological literature that examines the concept of an ecological psyche and that is also concerned with the soul’s perspective as related to the experience of the more-than-human natural world is explored. Through a depth psychological consideration of the author’s personal experiences of the more-than-human natural world, a lens for understanding those experiences is revealed as pertinent and valuable both personally and professionally as a therapist.

The fascination with jewelry as an object of beauty and adornment stretches back 100,000 years and is part of the collective unconscious. This thesis interweaves research from the fields of jewelry, history, philosophy, and depth psychology in a hermeneutic approach to understanding how jewelry has reflected the evolution of human consciousness. The author then uses alchemical hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies to explore what, given this understanding, jewelry as a means of personal adornment expresses and offers the soul. The author finds that jewelry, connected to the need to see one's self and to be seen, is a form of cultural and self-expression connecting ego and soul. As humanity transitions into a more integral phase in the evolution of consciousness, jewelry may serve as a symbol with an archetypal history that carries elements of the collective unconscious and the imagistic capacity to hold together what is remembered and what is imagined.

A qualitative methodology blending artistic-creative and alchemical-hermeneutic styles of research was employed to explore the role of creative expression and active imagination in reclaiming the abandoned inner child. The inner child is the aspect of self that represents our deepest vulnerabilities. Through traumatic experience, the inner child withdraws, becoming buried by protective internal forces. Without the means for expression, the host can experience many maladaptive symptoms leading to practical and psychological dysfunction. This thesis demonstrates how using artistic expression can bridge the conscious and unconscious through the transcendent function, creating the possibility for healing and individuation through the integration of the inner child. Using active imagination as developed by C. G. Jung and elaborated by Robert Johnson, it incorporates dialogue with the author’s sculptures in clay, drawings, and a dream image from the author’s journal.

Traumatic experience is an unavoidable part of human existence. This thesis asks whether traumatic experiences can lead people to greater personal insights that promote the individuation process. Although trauma may place an individual at risk of psychic annihilation, it may concurrently open a window into a new way of experiencing. Using heuristic and hermeneutic research and guided by the depth psychological theories of Carl Jung, James Hillman, and Donald Kalsched, this thesis explores the effects of trauma on the psyche, as viewed through an expansion of consciousness when one comes into contact with numinous archetypal energies. A narrative of the author’s own experience of trauma adds texture and depth to the discussion. Rooting consciousness in the archetype of the Self or soul, parallels can be drawn between the expansion of consciousness and a deepening of soul. Conscious awareness of trauma without such a grounding may result in symptomology and pathology.

This work explores the concept of re-visioning failure from a negative experience into a means toward the fulfillment of one's potential. Through hermeneutic research, physiological studies of the brain and heart are shown to correlate negative perceptions of failure with diminished outcomes and to support the potential of failure, when viewed positively, to become a transformative vehicle. Depth psychological theory provides an understanding of the formation of psychological complexes related to negative beliefs arising from failures. The hero's journey provides a guide for metamorphisizing debilitating complexes and using failure as a means of crossing a threshold into fulfillment of the soul's calling. Using a heuristic approach, the author explores positive and negative beliefs related to failure, examining specific life events and their connection to psychological growth. In looking at the existing research and the author's personal journey and psychotherapeutic work, re-visioning failure is shown to be a revolutionary therapeutic tool.

The present research engages a heuristic, artistic-creative methodology to inquire into the use of active imagination and dream analysis in cult recovery. The research demonstrated that active imagination and dream analysis can facilitate a sense of wholeness and spiritual healing for victims of abuse and thought reform. Acceptance of the self and the cult experience were also demonstrated. Active imagination, however, is not appropriate for ex-cultists exhibiting psychotic symptoms generated from cult experiences, nor is it appropriate for individuals who exhibited psychotic features independent of their cult experience. Thorough assessment of ego strength and support networks should be done before considering the use of active imagination in cult recovery.

This thesis argues for a return of psyche (or soul) to the psychotherapeutic setting. The extent to which therapists are able to attend to and integrate their psychological wounds impacts the sanctity of the therapeutic container. Not only the boundaries of the therapeutic environment but also its function as a metaphorical vessel for soul-making can be contaminated if the therapist has unprocessed personal material. Modeled on the stages of heuristic research methodology—initial discovery of the question, total immersion, incubation, illumination, explication, and creative synthesis—the author recounts the journey-like experience of healing from the wound of betrayal with the use of soul questions to correlate her inner and outer experiences to the development of her theoretical orientation as a therapist. Her account demonstrates how the healing function is facilitated by therapists identifying their wounds and attending to countertransference issues in order to maintain a healing environment.

Client suicide is acknowledged as an occupational hazard that has an impact on therapists both personally and professionally. The grieving process for a therapist survivor is complicated by professional requirements to maintain client confidentiality. Although the counseling community acknowledges a therapist survivor's bereavement challenges and recommends seeking support, specific support options are sparse and undefined. The intent of this thesis is to identify and examine support options currently available for therapist survivors, to consider if such support is adequate, and to discover ideas for additional support that therapist survivors envision as beneficial to healing.
This study used a phenomenological approach in which five therapists were interviewed as to their emotional states from the time they were first notified of their client's death and throughout their bereavement. Therapists reported symptoms of both trauma and grief. The manner in which each therapist was treated by peers was a major factor affecting the progress of therapist healing. Insight gained from this research suggests that loss of a client by suicide requires the therapist to redefine himself as a professional. This professional redefinition is best accomplished in the supportive environment of the counseling community; especially helpful is the support of other survivor therapists. Additional support suggested by co-researchers included a fund or professional insurance to provide payment for recovery time away from work, for counseling, or other therapeutic measures a therapist might choose to support their grieving and healing process after a client suicide.

The focus of this investigation is how the gift of father love and Carl G. Jung’s concept of the transcendent function of the psyche contain and propel a woman’s journey toward wholeness. The author explores how the interplay of opposing forces, a concept central to the Jungian paradigm, manifests psychic energy. Following the notion that relatedness is essential for growth, the unique bond between father and daughter is explored through theories of wholeness, psychic development, conscious and unconscious processes; the theory of opposites; archetypes of father and self; and references to myth. Through shared and co-created experience, the central question is explored: How does the bond between father and daughter support and advance the individuation process?

Utilizing a heuristic method, the author examines her unique experience of the father-daughter relationship. Through reflection, reverie, and creative engagement, conscious and unconscious processes intermingle and recombine along the continuum of numinous, soul-making possibility.

This theoretical thesis explores the physical, psychological, and relational phenomena present in partnered dance and suggests an applied modality for its use in therapeutic contexts. A heuristic approach is utilized to explore archetypal, imaginal, and depth perspectives on the experience of partnered movement and reveal its psychological significance. Supported by the review of literature, this synthesis of psychological process and partnered dance can be understood through the lenses of depth psychology, dance theory, somatic psychology, and current research on outcomes related to dance and movement therapies. For this analysis, partnered dance is framed as a container in which intrapsychic and interpersonal psychological dynamics are constellated, manifested, and enacted. The perceptive observer may learn to recognize the dynamics as they arise and use this information to creatively and compassionately facilitate psychological healing, growth, and development.

This heuristic thesis explores fairy tales as archetypal metaphors depicting the process of individuation-psyche's movement toward wholeness or the Self. A depth psychological interpretation of Cinderella is offered as an example of an archetypal initiation story of the collective unconscious, functioning as a metaphor for intrapsychic processes and illuminating the ego's relationship to the Divine. The changing ego-Self relationship at midlife is highlighted as a hallmark of the initiation into the individuation process, necessitating a disquieting and potentially disorienting death and rebirth that can manifest as a nonpathological depression. As a part of this inquiry, the author's relationship to the archetypal motifs in the fairy tale along with related dreams, synchronicities, and insights are considered. By emphasizing the healing potential embedded in archetypal stories such as Cinderella, this work serves as a guide for clinicians and individuals to help navigate the human suffering inherent in psychological growth.

Children raised in destructive cults have a precarious road to walk, laden with fears and great pain, but also with the possibility of meaningful recovery. This work specifically addresses Second Generation Adults (SGA's), children who were born into or raised in destructive cults. We are a unique and rather interesting phenomenon, and we represent a different version of post-cult damage and potential recovery. An initial effort has been made to look at Steven Hassan's BITE model from the point of view of actual SGA experiences. New issues and concepts have been identified and examined related to the special concerns, experiences and needs of SGA's who have left their destructive cults. They are twice-burned, enduring double damage, first being abused and traumatized by the cult where they were raised, and then frying to enter a society they were taught to fear, often unprepared and overwhelmed by life in the outside world and having left their family and friends in a destructive cult.

This thesis contributes to a depth psychological understanding of trauma and Donald Kalsched’s construct of the archetypal self-care system. It uses heuristic
methodology to explore how painful experiences in early childhood have the ability to generate a psychological split within the psyche of the traumatized individual, creating an internal system of psychological self-care aimed at protecting the split-off aspects of self against retraumatization. Through sharing her story of childhood abuse, the author
examines how this splitting process happens, the dynamics of resistance to reintegration within the self-care system, and the role of flow experiences, as conceived of by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, in the process of recovery. Using a depth psychological lens, the author demonstrates how one can loosen the bonds of the self-care system; cross the boundary between the conscious and unconscious; and find healing by approaching the abandoned inner child, trauma story, and Self with love and understanding.

The occurrence of resiliency in the human experience has been the focus of extensive research in the last decade. Using hermeneutic methodology, this theoretical study explores text-based data ofthree resiliency traits, attachment theory, and a comparison of avoidant attachment behaviors. Patterns of abilities form and protective factors arise as the resilient person overcomes traumatic situations. Three specific factors-cognitive abilities, emotional regulation, and spirituality-are explored as they correlate with resiliency. A depth psychological approach values the meaning held beneath resiliency traits, which are viewed symbolically through the myth of Eros and Psyche, in particular with regard to the ways in which Psyche's resilient traits help her overcome adversity and how they may no longer serve her after the trials have passed. The development of self-reliance as a result of trauma may contribute to loneliness and traits of avoidant attachment.

In the nineteenth century, in works such as James Frazer's (1922) The Golden Bough, anthropologists lifted godheads and other sacred symbols from their ecological and historical matrix and rejoined them in what anthropologist Gilbert Herdt (1998) terms "alien, universalist monstrous mosaics" (p. xxii-xx i). The author terms this scrapbook approach to mythology, "symbolic syncretism." Since the nineteenth century, anthropology has undergone considerable "self-analysis." It has discarded symbolic syncretism as a viable methodology and has corrected the problem of universalism. In contrast, depth psychology still applies symbolic syncretism as its primary method and asserts symbolic mosaics such as the "heroic journey" as universal. This theoretical thesis focuses on the problems of symbolic syncretism and universalism, particularly in depth psychology's appropriation of the ordeals and sacra of male cults as a universal theory of adolescent and male psychology. The author explores the mythical foundations of Western psychology and makes recommendations for how depth psychology might 
proceed with its own self-analysis.

Deep within the psyche of the woman who has suffered through and survived the traumatic experience of sexual molestation, is a powerful longing to bridge her unconscious desire for wellness with her conscious state of suffering. Serving as a vehicle to unburden the psyche of its' multidimensional aspects of early trauma, the art of writing poetry can facilitate the healing process by liberating the many affective states that have been repressed since childhood. This thesis identifies salient developmental impacts for girls in Western society who have experienced early sexual trauma and explores the connection between childhood sexual abuse and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. The literature reviewed concentrates on clinical implications and treatment interventions for women survivors and explores the benefits and restorative quality of writing poetry as a means to heal the traumatic effects of sexual abuse. Incorporated into the body of the thesis is the author's personal experience with using poetry as a creative expression to heal the effects of early sexual trauma.

For the adult who has spent a lifetime struggling to find a way to navigate the worlds of education, work, and relationships, it is often a relief to be provided with some answers for the question that torments them. Why has the learning process been so difficult for them? Unlike many children who were identified with learning disabilities early in life and provided with assistance, these adults never understood the reason for their struggles. Many have lived with shame, self-blame, and poor self-esteem. Now these adults are reaching out for answers, many for the first time in their lives. Professionals in the field of learning disabilities have begun to provide assessment and identification of these disabilities, but few have offered a road to recovery of the damaged sense of self these adults have come to live with.
Utilizing hermeneutic methodology, the purpose of this thesis is to provide both professionals and the adult learner with an understanding of the manner in which learning disabilities affect an individual's sense of self and to provide a tool to help them reengage with the soul of the learner within. This journey is facilitated by the use of a workbook employing Imaginal activities to guide the learner to reconnect with themselves and the joy of learning.

The dominance of the historical and religious principles of patriarchy in Western society has a profound, cyclical, collective effect on women and men. This thesis explores the damaging effects of oppression, misogyny, and intimidation transmitted from the mother to the son, which often creates a man whose immature masculinity results in lifelong difficulties in forming healthy, balanced, intimate, and loving relationships. In a son’s first relationship with a woman, his mother unconsciously perpetuates thoughts and behaviors that lead to the psychological development of sons who believe that women are indeed less powerful, less competent, and less valuable than men. This thesis uses an imaginal and depth-oriented alchemical hermeneutic methodology in researching this problem and offers a solution which centers on healing the collective shame around the feminine embodied in both male and female psyches, based upon the development of individual awareness and accountability on the part of both women and men.

Unrequited love is a form of love in which a person’s feelings of romantic love toward another are not reciprocated. This thesis is an exploration of unrequited love from a depth psychological perspective, taking into account the powerful yet mysterious influence of the archetypes of the collective unconscious on this common human experience. Utilizing a hermeneutic methodology to amplify theories from both psychology and mythology, the author seeks to provide a road map for understanding how and why unrequited love can be used as a means of initiating the process of individuation. Readings of the literature serve to provide a solid foundation for understanding depth psychological concepts and to articulate the difference between the two sides of unrequited love. The author uses the protagonist from the film Angus to exemplify the way in which the projection of unconscious archetypes can eventually lead one toward a balance of psyche and self-knowledge.

Imagination and the use of creativity are vital aspects of depth psychology. Engaged consciously, creativity and imagination allow the individual to access unconscious material resulting in powerful transformative healing and insight. With acute trauma, the natural function of the psyche can become severely impaired. This production thesis analyses of the author’s experience in dealing with acute trauma before, after, and during the writing of a short novel titled LOUD. Using heuristic and artistic-creative methodologies, the author reports his discovery of the dynamic power of the creative process and its potential power to shift the traumatized psyche back into a state of healthy function. Creative writing was the author’s medium of choice, but the creative process need not be limited. Drawing from the writer’s experience and research, this thesis illustrates how the dynamic potential of the creative process combined with depth psychology can have a healing effect on survivors of trauma.

This thesis explores the themes of escape and transformation from a depth psychological perspective, using alchemical hermeneutic research methodology. My research began with the questions: Does the imaginative process of creating art or writing fiction work effectively in helping psychotherapy clients, aiding in the transformation process? Which aspects of escape through art, literature, and the imagination contribute to the therapeutic process? In addition to studying depth psychotherapy, Buddhist concepts of mindfulness, acceptance, and lovingkindness practice as adjunct therapy are reviewed.  Michael Chabon’s novel, The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay provides a backdrop to the powerful themes of escape and transformation. In particular, the character Josef Kavalier is observed as a case study, and engaged in active imagination sessions. Ultimately, this study concluded that the escape offered through the imaginative process of art and creative writing can be therapeutic.

This thesis explores the rectification of the double consciousness of Black Americans identified by W. E. B. Du Bois. The Black Church, rooted in Western Christianity, has provided the matrix for psychospiritual healing and development for the African American community for two centuries, influencing the psychological concept of the Self of African Americans. This research study utilizes alchemical hermeneutics, which allows the soul a place in the interpretation of the meaning of the experience of Black Americans affected by the legacy of slavery. The research reveals that through the use of Eurocentric symbolism of the Self (White Christ symbolism) and Christian rites, the conscious and unconscious psyches of African Americans have been manipulated and split. The author proposes that Jungian analysis combined with African Centered Adult Rites of Passage can unify the double consciousness of Black Americans and provide an alternative to the Black Church for psychospiritual healing and development.

The general absence of ritual in Western civilization has been connected to many
social problems. This thesis takes that supposition and explores initiation into
womanhood. Living within a culture that devalues feminine divinity can have farreaching
effects for both genders, in that it impedes psychic balance, but its loss has
deeper reaching threads of disharmony for females who face the transition into
womanhood in a culture that denigrates the value, wisdom, and essence of the feminine
principle. Utilizing alchemical hermeneutic as well as heuristic methodology, this
production thesis explores matriarchal consciousness and the ways its presence or
absence impacts the transition into womanhood through depth psychological literature
and the author’s personal experience, both within the context of the production piece and
participation in a rite of passage. Adolescent girls transitioning into womanhood with the
nurturance of matriarchal consciousness and the support of other women often experience
a deepening of psychic connectedness and psychical awareness.

Individuals are reflections and shapers of their culture. As such, adults in Western society seeking psychotherapy come into the therapeutic container with internalized pieces of their social fabric. Clients and therapists are torn between manic societal demands and the ability to stay grounded in personal relationships and mindful self knowledge. This theoretical, hermeneutic, and heuristic thesis evaluates the existing modern trend towards mania and mindfulness within the collective and individual psyche, to explain the struggle arising from this seemingly opposite pull. Further, Jung's transcendent function assists in analyzing personal symbology derived in an effort to bridge this dichotomy, and organize the psyche in a more complete expression. The author utilizes stories from his autobiographical history and three original dreams to better understand the cultural and personal underpinnings of these two psychic principles. Speculation on how to bridge the teleological drives of mania and mindfulness are discussed through a Jungian lens, due to the pronounced emphasis on the relevance of uniting these opposing psychic views in order to create individual wholeness.

An archetypal imaginal approach to psychology assumes and values the importance of mythological motifs in lived experience. Within an archetypal framework, this heuristic thesis draws parallels between the Greek goddess Artemis, who ruled wilderness and the transitions of girls and women, and symptoms of self-sacrifice and dissociation in response to trauma. Specifically, this inquiry explores Artemis’s relationship with Iphigenia, who was a victim of sacrifice, then an exile, and then a priestess of Artemis. A review of the literature considers sources related to the psychological value of myth, the origins of ritual blood sacrifice, and contemporary trauma theory. Tracking the resonances between personal story and ancient myth, this study finds that Artemis aids in contemporary archetypal reunions between light and shadow as she is represented by both the arrow and the crescent moon, two tools necessary to focus and illuminate the search for lost parts of the self.

Two processes working together account for the building and maintenance of the mind. The generative process makes links within the mind, whereas the degenerative process is used to dissolve links. In this hermeneutic study of the relationship between psychotic and creative processes in the human psyche, some of the prevailing research on psychosis and creativity is reviewed. A model is presented in which the mind is seen as an ecosystem that is built and maintained through continuous establishment and dissolving of links. An imbalance of the generative and degenerative processes is suggested as being responsible for the manifestation of psychotic symptoms. Creativity is proposed as a product of the interaction between these processes of the mind.

C. G. Jung theorized that consciousness arises and is shaped by an intangible collective memory he called the collective unconscious. Unconscious only in the fact that we cannot perceive its workings, the collective unconscious is a source of wisdom and inspiration that guides humankind toward conscious evolution. Information held in this layer of the human psyche makes itself available to us in the form of images. Combining both heuristic discovery and theoretical analysis, this thesis investigates the nature of images and how information encoded in them can best be accessed for conscious development. Readings of the literature attend to the basis of theory describing the existence of an autonomous collective, or world unconscious, the realm of the Imaginal, and the recent findings in physics that bolster a field theory of consciousness. Personal experience of the writer is connected to current psychological practices that support a physical perception of image that can result in the merger of individual consciousness with image consciousness. When mindfully accessed in this manner, the embodiment of image provides physical transformation that, as metabolized by the body, develops into the intellectual understanding necessary to further our conscious growth.

Mutuality, or self-in-relation, among women in friendship is an intrinsic, innate, and significant aspect of women's historical, cultural, and psychological foundation. This heuristic approach investigates the idea that women's hearts and minds are restored to health and their souls are mended and profoundly nourished through the mutuality and reciprocity of affection that exists in women's friendship. Through a hermeneutical lens of images including the vessel and the well, this thesis engages in a depth psychological exploration of the healing qualities constellated by some women's friendships.
The archetype of friendship is explored through poetry, mythology, images, symbolism, and creativity. By imagining into women's friendships of ancient times, through active imagination and painting, themes of healing, harmony, and feminine relatedness open a dialogue with the unconscious where deeper meaning can be understood and integrated.
The author unveils the personal process of being in touch with images from the unconscious. A series of paintings born from a waking dream express the feelings that become known and understood through this powerful journey.

This thesis explores the relationship between personal mythmaking, oral
storytelling, and the therapeutic experience. Using a heuristic research methodology, the
paper examines the nature of myth from the perspective of depth psychology as well as
the tradition of oral storytelling. The unique impact of storytelling on both teller and
listener is discussed. This production thesis recounts the author’s experience in telling the
story of his life as a myth, in which he is imagined as the mythic hero. The thesis
explores how and why archetypal associations in the mythological landscape of the story
tapped raw emotion during the telling. The therapeutic, healing nature of storytelling in
front of a live audience is described, and clinical applications of personal mythmaking
and oral storytelling are discussed. The storytelling event was filmed, and the DVD is
attached as an addendum to Appendix A of this thesis as an experiential demonstration of
the key concepts examined in this paper.

Neurofeedback is investigated as a treatment modality for reintegrating dissociated shadow aspects of the psyche’s archetypal defenses. The attachment theories of psychologists John Bowlby and Margaret Ainsworth, and the research of neuroscientist Allan Schore, known as “the American Bowlby” for his discovery of the neurobiological basis of poor attachment in infancy, are examined for their elucidation of the early genesis of trauma and its causal link to later posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Schore’s research correlating poor attachment in infancy to negative impacts on the development of the right brain, which governs attachment, affect regulation, and stress modulation, is applied to a heuristic examination of how neurofeedback trains the brain to self-regulate, thereby reducing severe symptoms of PTSD. Neurofeedback’s ability to normalize brain regulation of the central nervous system has implications for symptom reduction and stabilizing dysregulated nervous system function in trauma survivors, as indicated by the author’s personal experience.

This thesis takes a feminist-spiritualist approach toward deconstructing dominant-culture thinking regarding the menstrual cycle and revisioning it as a tool for women’s self-development. Heuristic, hermeneutic, and alchemical hermeneutic modes of research investigate the establishment and use of a personal and regular ritual of quietude and self-exploration during menstruation. This is an applied example of the ancient and anthropological concept of sacred downgoing, which once existed during menstrual seclusion rites. Animus injury and the resultant complex of negative, internalized male-object association are explored throughout the continuum of 1 year of personal menstrual rhythms through regular, sacred downgoing. As a modern practice, daily ritual or sacred downgoing time reconnects a woman to her personal power by affirming her subjective, biological experience. It also becomes a gateway through which she may re-relate to the larger world as a cyclical and rhythmic personification of the feminine principle.

Adult survivors of untreated child abuse often suffer a range of long-term detrimental effects which adversely affects their functioning in numerous areas of their lives. Unfortunately, the enduring impact of chronic abuse in childhood is not well understood. This research is focused on increasing understanding of the long-term effects of traumatic childhood experiences from both psychological and physiological perspectives. Additionally, this research explores whether pathology frequently seen in adult survivors is a direct or secondary effect of their abuse. Along with scientific and theoretical text-based data, solicited written narratives by an adult survivor of childhood physical, sexual, and psychological abuse are analyzed utilizing hermeneutic methodology with elements of grounded theory to discover relevant connections between the fields of neuroscience, memory research, attachment theory, and trauma research. The relevance of findings in relationship to the diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is discussed and the implications for clinical practice are explored.

This production thesis utilizes creative and heuristic approaches in proposing that what lies at the heart of longing is the soul's poetic need for individuation. Influenced by Carl G. Jung, James Hollis, and other pioneers in depth psychology along with poets such as Jalal ad-Din Rumi and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, the author presents his poetry and insights into a personal, intimate relationship as he explores the nature of longing. The poetry and the exploration of relationship in the thesis demonstrate the capacity to transform personal wounds into encounters with divinity. The concept of relationship with an Other, as a religious encounter, is central to this thesis. This thesis aims to reconcile the first loss of love and the resulting separation with the reclamation of love and union with a universal source.

Life is often regarded as an impermanent process that contains various stages of development, growth, and transition. Life is not static. As such, neither is the perceptual life of our psyche. Our psychological experiences are transitory and our psychological sense of self exists as an ongoing, spiracle, and evolutionary process of loss and repair, often moving through periods of time that involve a conscious awareness of internal psychological change, a shift in our sense of self, where former states of our self are lost and newer states of our self emerge. These experiences are a type of psychological liminality, by which I mean the intrapersonal experience of existing between two different senses of selves. These liminal states of our self, or in-between periods of being, often occur during significant life changes, such as during the grief and bereavement experienced following the death of a loved one, and during the end-of-life dying process where previous conceptions of our self gradually dissipate and new states of awareness evolve.

Throughout the course of this thesis, I will explore psychological liminality with particular focus upon how it is experienced psychotherapeutically, for both client and therapist, during periods of grief, bereavement and death. I will utilize both the Tibetan Vajrayana Buddhist philosophical concept of the //bardo//&mdash;the in-between states of mind and conscious existence&mdash;and contemporary theory related to self-psychology as supportive interpretive lenses. Additionally, I will incorporate the clinical experiences of clients from within the context of grief and bereavement counseling, as well as end-of-life psychotherapy. Both hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies will be used as research criterion.

This work is intended to offer a deeper understanding of the processes of addiction and recovery by focusing primarily on the Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous from a depth psychological perspective. Utilizing hermeneutic methodology, it is the thesis of this paper that the addict's desire for, and use of, drugs and alcohol is an unconscious movement of his Psyche towards satisfying a deeper craving for meaning, purpose, and healing in his life. The use of intoxicants is a misguided attempt of the addict to experience being fully connected to Self and to God. The addict's Soul is profoundly influenced by the calling of the ancient archetypes of initiation and ecstasy, as there is an innate drive in all human beings to have a numinous and transcendent experience of them selves. Addiction is seen here as a symptom of a much deeper spiritual wound.

The author proposes that the addict is on a classic hero's journey and is undergoing a dangerous but potentially transformative ordeal. The organization of Alcoholics Anonymous and the Twelve Steps provide the addict with the proper alchemical container and rituals in which this journey can end, and healing and transformation can take place.

A daughter moves 3,000 miles across the United States to escape her mother only to write a memoir about her. This production thesis demonstrates the complex generational effect of narcissistic wounding. Through the alchemical hermeneutic method, utilizing art and literature, enmeshment and abandonment are viewed through a depth psychological lens to synthesize ideas and explain insights. The author's memoir //Flying Standby// (Meeks, 2009), reveals the frantic, yet endless search for a place to land. The memoir navigates the reader both figuratively and literally through the enmeshed mother/daughter relationship, which ends abruptly with the mother's death. In the process, the author comes to terms with her Midwest upbringing, yielding a better understanding and appreciation for the narcissistically wounded, archetypal gypsy mother she was once running from.

Research indicates that the feminine response to childhood trauma is deeply
archetypal and is determined both by the architecture of the female brain and by the
nature of the feminine soul. The female brain evolved in devotion to the goal of bearing
and protecting offspring and in so evolving has, today, greater capacity dedicated to
communication, emotion, association, and connection than does the male brain. Trauma
in childhood results in a reduction of the associative and integrating pathways in the
brain; a brain traumatized in childhood may literally be thought of as dissociated and
fragmented. Altering the ability of the feminine to connect to, and to be safely in the
world with, other human beings results in behaviors that have been in existence since the
time of mythology and the creation of fairy tales. The use of both alchemical
hermeneutics and heuristic methodologies has allowed soul to enter and guide this
research process: a journey of re-search stirred by the author’s own experiences with
childhood trauma.

The concept of dissociation is ambiguous and confusing because the term is currently used to refer to a number of phenomena. Using the hermeneutic method, the author reviews sources from the psychological clinical literature, autobiographical material, myth, and contemporary fiction to explore the concept of dissociation. The concept's history is discussed, along with recent core trends of thought and controversies around its definition. The perspectives of three clinicians—C. G. Jung, Margaret Wilkinson, and Donald Kalsched—with respect to dissociation are examined. The idea of metaphor is explored, along with speculations on the links between dissociation and metaphor. The image of flight and A. S. Byatt's story of "The Glass Coffin" are used as preliminary metaphors for two main categories of dissociation: detachment and compartmentalization. A possible link between dissociation and a state of spiritual intoxication is discussed.

This thesis re-visions The Handless Maiden fairy tale and the Skeleton Woman
myth from a depth psychological perspective, making them relevant for women today.
The patriarchal wound is explored as it relates personally to the author and the father
archetype that relates to all women. The literature review includes an overview of the
patriarchal structure and teachings of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
(LDS) and the illnesses that occur in women as a consequence of the patriarchal wound.
C. G. Jung’s concepts of individuation and the religious function of the psyche are
explored as they are manifested in myths, dreams, and fairy tales. Through heuristic
methodology, these two tales explore the healing power of leaving the father’s house and
discovering a woman’s own potential through the individuation process. The author’s
personal story about leaving the LDS Church and struggling to become an authentic
person are explored as well as clinical implications to the field of counseling psychology.

The Mental Health Services Act, enacted by California voters in November 2004, initiated growth and transformation of the public mental health system by introducing a more culturally competent system that promotes wellness and recovery for persons with severe and persistent mental illnesses. This study examines quality-of-life outcomes for adults receiving services with Turning Point of Central California's North County Mobile Unit, a contracted agency of Tulare County funded by the Mental Health Services Act. A quantitative method was utilized to explore and document program members' experiences and quality-of-life outcomes after participation in and receipt of services following the MHSA's Wellness and Recovery Model treatment modalities over a 1-year period. This initial analysis reveals a positive impact of MHSA-funded services on quality-of-life outcomes and recidivism rates of clients of the North County Mobile Unit; however, further research is warranted for substantiation of these findings.

This thesis explores whether the coach- athlete relationship can be viewed as a relationship of attachment within which one can develop self-awareness. self-regulation. response flexibility, and resilience. Using hermeneutic and heuristic methodology, the findings suggest that an attachment-based approach to coaching can help coaches and athletes update their internalized models of attachment and move toward greater attachment security and earned security. Developing and integrating the brain structures associated with secure attachment, such as the insula and the right hemisphere of the brain, can lead to resilience, mental toughness, and performance enhancement in sport. Drawing from the literature on attachment, interpersonal neuroscience, and sport psychology, this thesis proposes a new model for training athletes called Attachment Based Coaching (ABC). ABC methods focus on attunement, resonance, contingent communication, breath, meditation, and mindfulness as well as interventions based on the psychological skills training approaches of relaxation, goal setting, imagery, and self-talk.

This thesis heuristically examines both current and antiquated psychological views of love from a depth psychological perspective. In using this methodology and area of emphasis, the thesis is relevant to all those who have been affected by love and heartbreak—psychotherapy clinicians and clients as well as the population at large. This thesis is also written from a personal perspective in order to heuristically explore and heal my own heartbreak. In particular, the thesis considers how the process of falling in and out of love is affected by an individual's patterns of attachment, suffering, shadow material, projections, and relationship with one's self. In conjunction with exploring these concepts, the thesis addresses how falling in and out of love also contains transcendent properties for an individual as means of initiation through the pain and suffering of heartbreak.

This thesis utilizes an alchemical hermeneutic methodology, from a Jewish mystical and Jungian depth psychological perspective, to examine the spiral journey of the ego around the inner God image (center of the wheel of time) as a means to growth and transformation. As the ego learns to align its being with the flowing stream of time (God image), the ego is simultaneously freed from pointless struggles and battles. This perspective places individuation and self-actualization at the center of psychotherapeutic work and acknowledges the rhythmic nature of the therapeutic process that is often long, laborious, and winding, and yet leads to the aspired destination of integration and wholeness. A delineation of the yearly cycle includes aspects of the author's personal journey of consciously following the spiral of time to demonstrate how time can be utilized as a path to grow and transcend in the image of one's Godly soul.

This thesis is a production thesis referencing the character monologues selected for performance in a stage play adaptation of Edgar Lee Masters' Spoon River Anthology, which was presented November 24 to December 17, 2006 by the Staff Players of the Indoor Forest Theater in Carmel, California, of which the author was a part. The thesis is the result of an exploration of the impact of involvement in the creative medium of acting upon the concurrent processing of grief. Literature reveals modem attitudes toward the need for a healthy cultural shift regarding the handling of grief, from a societal level down to the individual. Overlaps of content and impact are revealed between experience-based revelations shared by such researchers, the teachings of C. G. Jung regarding efforts toward individuation and seeking to facilitate access to the unconscious in times of duress, and various methods of acting training. The writer's personal experiences during this period of psycho-education, grieving, and processing through the expressive means of acting in a play are discussed.

In the original conception of the feminine, there was a wholeness that embodied both darkness and light. With the dawning of patriarchy and the demise of the gods and goddesses, the feminine became a split entity, which was divided further during the Enlightenment and the search for objective truth. Today, capitalism and the technological revolution have polarized and defined almost every aspect of psychological life. However, there seems to be a cultural shift in which a new generation of women, raised by the “superwoman” mother, has created its own rules, eschewing the patriarchal, embracing the feminine, and aligning the animus as facilitator rather than critic and judge. Through a phenomenological approach, this thesis discovers the princess and witch archetypes in individual women, looks at how the princess brand has hijacked girls and women, and offers an alternative, the witch archetype, as a means of healing the split feminine.

Sex workers are a unique population of people who are underrepresented in society. This thesis gives voice to sex workers in a feminist framework by challenging the pathologizing of sex workers in mainstream psychotherapies. Research on sacred sexuality and the pathologizing and repression of women's sexuality in Western culture is considered in a review of literature including essays by women and scholars with experience in sex work. Utilizing an ethnographic method of research, five females who are sex workers by choice were interviewed about their work. Each co-researcher was given an opportunity to explain how she felt about sex work and further elucidate how she experienced working with a therapist. Findings from the interviews are reported in the effort to raise awareness among clinicians about their own cultural biases. The thesis informs clinicians on how to utilize a feminist framework in working with the population of sex workers.

This thesis is a hermeneutical examination of house, home, and dwelling as it relates to the human psyche and specifically the importance of including home in the context of psychotherapy. By exploring the diverse aspects of home as related in the literature of architecture, design, sociology, environmental studies, and psychology, the relevance of home in the daily life of human beings is highlighted. The intention of this thesis is to illuminate the importance of home and the corresponding relevance to the psychotherapeutic process.

The childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood of Barack Obama as described
in Book I of his memoir, Dreams From My Father, are explored as imaginal case notes
for imagined individual therapy sessions with the adult Obama, using developmental and
Jungian theory to analyze his maturation. Employing heuristic methodology, the author
looks deeply and systematically into Obama’s life story. A vocabulary for psychological
health is explored and expanded with the contemporary family in mind. Utilizing the
work of Erik Erikson and James Hillman, among others, depth psychological
perspectives are applied to the analysis, with particular emphasis on dreams, as
articulated in the memoir’s title, as well as the importance of self-analysis as crucial to
individual development. Though self-analysis and psychological health are the starting
points for the thesis, it is ultimately as much about the effects of racism.

Quantum physics and depth psychology have significant parallels which inform new age and popular self-creation movements in theory and in practice. Using hermeneutic methodology, this thesis will demonstrate emerging similarities between quantum physics and depth psychology, review and critique popularizations of such parallels in recent mass market media, and explore the implications of these parallels for therapeutic practice. Self-creation, as popularized by the film What the Bleep Do We Know? and the book and film versions of The Secret, has linguistic limitations and disregards the unconscious mind and particularly the shadow. A mix of academic, scientific, and psychological works as well as observations of popular culture and, utilizing hermeneutic methodology, personal experience were used for this thesis. I believe this current wave of interest in self-creation represents man's emerging claiming of his power in our collective world. When integrated with depth work to maintain balance, self-creation can assist the individuation process. Increased recognition of interconnection and unity, a shared principle in quantum physics and depth psychology, can also be the focus of therapeutic efforts and may represent a move forward in the collective unconscious.

The primary purpose of this thesis is to explore the healing art of homeopathy and its relationship to Carl Jung’s theory of archetypes and Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological psychology. This thesis utilizes hermenuetic, alchemical hermeneutic, and case study methodologies. In homeopathy, the gestalt of psychosomatic phenomena is weaved together into a symptom picture. The picture image represents the archetype that is unconsciously influencing the client’s central personality. The expression of archetypal energy corresponds intrinsically to something in nature, which becomes part of the transference field in psychotherapy. The central focus is for the client to acquire knowledge about a truth that is constellated in the archetypal image by introducing a like experience. The thesis includes clinical examples of how a psychotherapist can utilize the homeopathic principle of like heals like to integrate repressed emotion that is correlated to the trauma-wound.

The deeper roots of this text are the countless children, families and communities throughout time to the present, that urge our conscious liberation from oppression's every day violence and killing in its subtle to brutal forms, from prejudice to war. Our human practice of oppression, through direct and indirect killings, psychological torture and everyday &mdash;isms (classism, racism, sexism, heterosexism etc.), is powerfully sustained by denial, cultural norms, public roles, private relationships, organizations, institutions, and laws. Here and throughout the world, liberation from oppression is basic to personal and collective survival and necessary for internal and external psychological freedom. 

The death and life-long restrictions caused by oppression, throughout time, geography, and culture, warrant the study of oppression as a form of psychological pathology to end and transform. Depth psychology in the United States of America (U.S.), is not now, but could be about the psychological work of preventing the unjust torture, death, and life-diminishing of millions of people in the U.S. and around the world. A hermeneutic exploration of theoretical writings from liberation, critical, community, and depth psychology on themes of oppression, power, liberation, and politics, along with historical and present day examples of social movements provide ideas, values and experiences that depth psychology may incorporate to participate in the struggle from oppression to liberation. Depth psychology can choose to invest in the theoretical research, academic study, and institutional and clinical application of a social justice approach to bring oppression out of the individual and collective shadows and help stop the abuse that kills and psychologically harms primarily people of color, indigenous peoples, immigrants, and low wage working families.

This study amplifies and applies the psychological insights of Carl Gustav Jung's complex concept of individuation to the development of individuals in today’s society, particularly their transition into adulthood. The author examines essential steps for a transition into adulthood as part of the individuation process. Trauma is found to be an archetype of initiation that applies to the individuation process and is particularly relevant to this juncture when today’s generation of young people are entering adulthood. A qualitative approach and a heuristic (Moustakas, 1990) methodology are applied to a depth psychological process of reflection and connection to the conceptual meaning of human experience in regard to trauma as an influence on individuation. The aim of this thesis is to preserve the sense, meaning, and significance of the phenomenon of individuation by providing clarity and understanding of the immediate sensitivity and attunement the experience trauma manifests.

The body/mind split has disheartened society and psychology for years. Among
the ramifications of this split, the fear of touch runs deeply in society. Touch has become
taboo and therefore powerful. The avoidance of touch in psychotherapy is a block to
healing. It is time to face the shadow of touch. Working with the body has an advantage
of quickly to core issues. This thesis proposes the use of different types of touch to create
nonordinary states of consciousness. Utilizing a heuristic and hermeneutic approach, the
author focuses on modalities like craniosacral work, Holotropic Breathwork™, and
shamanic techniques which offer access to the unconscious. Through the use of touch,
material can be gathered from the unconscious that can be brought into the therapy room.
Humans were given fingers to touch; touch in conjunction with psychotherapy can
continue the work toward healing the soul of clients, therapist, and the world.

     The increasing ubiquity of anorexia nervosa globally, among females, has the
paradoxical and ironic effect of rendering a symptom of invisibility visible. Abundant
manifestations of the symptom in the media and on the streets tend to neutralize thinness
and silence the powerful messages implicit in female self-starvation. Symptomatically,
however, anorexia may be read as psyche’s inscription within the text of society, as an
attempt to balance prevailing conscious views with those of the unconscious. The
emaciated body may be viewed as the psyche using the language of popular culture to
comment upon a society that tends to privilege mind over matter and spirit over soul, and
which has historically marginalized the participation of women in shaping its discourses.

     This thesis suggests that the female anorexic’s inability to see herself accurately
reflects internalized patriarchy. Inspired by the author’s struggle to recover from
anorexia, this work explores writing as a means of women becoming visible to
themselves and emphasizes the importance of telling one’s story in order to heal. 
Employing hermeneutical and phenomenological research methods, the thesis engages a
transdisciplinary dialogue that includes psychological, feminist, sociological, religious,
and literary works, along with body as text, and excerpts from the author’s personal
diaries. Writing is explored as the ritual reclamation of words, through which the
anorexic may bring consciousness to the contours of her psyche in an appreciative
movement towards individuation.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a collective term used to describe a heterogeneous group of clinical conditions known to cause pain and dysfunction in the jaw joint(s) and the muscles that control jaw movement. Although TMD has been investigated actively in the scientific community during the last 30 years, its etiology remains unclear. Clinicians have established no standard treatment protocols but have achieved moderate success in designing personalized, comprehensive treatment plans that address the biological, behavioral, and psychological aspects of the condition. In most cases, however, the patient's soul and its need for love and attention are left out of the clinical picture. Employing a qualitative hermeneutics and heuristic research approach, this thesis re-imagines TMD as a somatic demonstration of a psychic wound which is suffered at both the individual and collective level. The author concentrates on her- subjective experience of TMD symptoms and through a process of circumambulation hosts a conversation between the worlds of mythology, anthropology, poetry, neuroscience, and psychology to deepen an understanding of this affliction. The author proposes that TMD is an embodiment of posttraumatic archetypal defenses which prevent the whole experience of the psychic wound from reaching conscious awareness. In addition, this archetypal self-care system, which entrenches itself in the jaw joint, protects the psyche from further traumatization by isolating it from a dangerous and oppressive external world. Healing of these "broken jaws" begins when relatedness is restored between self and other and connectedness between our feminine and masculine energies is re-established within the individual and the culture's collective psyche.

With the growing population of individuals identifying as bi/multiracial, there is increased interest around the complexity of issues surrounding biracial identity and its impact on the psychological self. This thesis considers biracial identity from the perspective of intrapsychic and interpersonal processes within a sociocultural context. Employing a heuristic methodology the author draws from her own experience as a biracial American, engaging a depth psychological analysis of archetypal themes from the fairy tale "The Ugly Duckling" and dream imagery to explore the impact of biracial identity and issues of social belonging on one's self-concept and the process of individuation. A discussion of sociocultural factors related to racial identity within the United States contextualizes an understanding of the psychological challenges confronted by biracial individuals. The findings illuminate the role of intrapsychic, interpersonal, sociocultural, and archetypal influences in healing the psychological wounding of racism and its impact on the process of individuation.

This thesis is borne from a lifetime of playful experiences. Long having an intuitive sense that my true self found expression through the creative and bodily pursuit of play, exposure to developmental and depth psychological theories amplified this felt connection to self. Play, as the essential first doing activity of infancy, is critical to the development of symbolic capacity. This theory, postulated by D. W. Winnicott (2005), is at the heart of a thesis that seeks to understand modes of play and their connection to ongoing relationships with the self, family, and culture. Through a heuristic process, my own experiences with play will be examined alongside theory. Cultural context will be explored, as will the role of fantasy, the impact of negative ruptures in the developmental environment, and the relevancy of play in adult life. Current findings in neuroscience and psychology will be included in order to amplify any conclusions on clinical applications, the healthy benefits of play and impact of a lack of play, and how to support playful activity.

This research gives voice to a diverse population in American society that is identified through the literature review as often silent and invisible. This phenomenological study is based upon conversations with six adult participants who were raised without a religion. Described as co-researchers these participants grew up in the United States and were raised without a formal religious affiliation or belief system in their primary homes. Additionally, their parents did not meet their questions about the meaning of life with predetermined religious or spiritual answers.
Sigmund Freud (1927/1989) in his book //The Future of an Illusion// postulated what the world might be like if children are raised without a religious education. This qualitative analysis draws conclusions that support Freud's hypothesis that humanity would benefit from this kind of child development. Open dialogue on this subject is encouraged, and the report includes suggestions for future research with this population.

Women are often caught in a double bind between the rewards offered for embracing masculine values and their own betrayal of the feminine. An awakening to this truth usually occurs in midlife or later, and the shift can be profound due to the historical lack of value of the feminine in Western culture. This thesis explores the impact of the beauty myth and patriarchy on women as they age. Using a combined hermeneutic and heuristic approach, these aspects are examined through the film Chocolat, with the main character likened unto the Greek goddess Hecate and in relation to the author's experiences. Various dynamics involving the beauty myth, the influence of the patriarchy, aging women, and the concept of the crone as a stage in women's development are examined to provide a reframing and normalizing of emotions for women embarking on a new, older phase of life.

Synchronicity occurs in times of transition, bridging mind and matter, while giving guidance and meaning to people’s lives. After the author’s brother passed on into spirit, she experienced a connecting energy with him through synchronous phenomena that helped her cope with the mysterious circumstances of his death. Synchronous connections with other people, places, and times conveyed sustaining meaning in her life. The phenomenon of synchronicity is explored through a review of Jungian literature and the theories of physicists, philosophers, and psychologists. Using alchemical hermeneutics and heuristic methodologies, the author relates her personal experiences and those of others and demonstrates how recognizing and valuing synchronicity can help when counseling others.

In this production thesis the value, repression, and restoration of the divine feminine is explored through heuristic and artistic-creative research. Since the founding of the three major Western religions, Western society has been largely patriarchal. This thesis tracks where the feminine was cut off specifically in Christianity and Western society, considering what the psychological implications of losing the feminine are, where the feminine is making a return, and how the feminine and masculine are being re-balanced. The purpose is to expand the awareness of those affected by this modern and ancient phenomenon of the loss and return of the feminine in order to better understand and support therapy clients in the fields of counseling and depth psychology. Chapter III describes the author's personal experience with the restoration of the feminine in her life, accompanied with an original DVD as the production piece that reflects this experience and the images associated.

Mexican-American girls endure a particular set of traumas and dilemmas due to their unique position of being female, children, bicultural, and daughters of immigrants in a patriarchal society. They can suffer immigration trauma, generational trauma, orphan complexes, and various psychological effects caused by the ongoing repression of their voices and their feminine strength. The setbacks that this population endures along with ways that they can be helped to heal are not widely understood or discussed in the field of psychotherapy, contributing to these girls falling through the cracks in our society with unmet needs and continuing the cycle of repression and re-traumatization. This heuristic study includes personal experiences of the author’s own life and explores the various methods and approaches that therapists can utilize to help these clients heal including enriching their own multicultural competence, providing psycho-education, promoting empowerment, using depth psychology, and helping them reconnect with female ancestors.

This thesis considers the meaning-making function of symbols for the support of recovery from mental health diagnoses and for the process of individuation. It explores a depth psychological approach to the healing functions of the psyche in its engagement with symbols and considers how this process bolsters client resiliency in a community mental health clinic treatment context. Hermeneutic research draws on concepts of the personal and collective unconscious and symbol formation as expressions of the transcendent Self. It examines the potential of the symbolic and meaning-making functions of the psyche for recovery from psychopathology and resolution of psychodynamic conflicts. Heuristic research related to the author’s work with personal symbols is utilized to demonstrate engagement with images for individuation and to explore the life cycles and transformative value of idiosyncratic symbols. Drawing from her clinical observations as a therapist trainee, the author considers the efficacy of client-specific symbols in the therapeutic dialogue.

This work explores the social constructs of sex and gender and gender perceptions
in the United States and Western culture with specific focus on the social constructs of
male, female, intersex, androgyny, masculinity, and femininity. These constructs are
traced through religious history, the field of medicine, and depth psychotherapy.
Using a heuristic methodology (Moustakas, 1990), the author presents a
perceptual journey of the author’s continual metamorphosis from living a gendered life to
one that is genderfree (sometimes referred to as genderqueer). In so doing, the author
promotes the use of self-photography to assist others into their initiation and acceptance
of the self in a world that is dominated by gender and gender stereotypes.

Wonderlove has two components—a novel utilizing artistic-creative methodology
and a theoretical inquiry on the nature of impossible love. The novel is the story of a
student-teacher relationship that ushers in a transformative depth experience for one of
the participants. Wonderlove: A Theoretical Inquiry on Impossible Love explores the
history of thought and theory related to romantic love and proposes an addendum to the
English language, naming a particular kind of love experience in which individuals meet
in inappropriate contexts and have inherent barriers to literalizing a relationship.
Wonderlove suggests this name for a breed of impossible love that is different from what
has been previously named, one that has a distinctly alchemical, magnetic, erotic
attraction, cultural taboos built in to the relationship, and the effects of encountering a
love of mythic proportions. Wonderlove: A Theoretical Inquiry on Impossible Love is a
employs hermeneutic and heuristic methodology that focuses on philosophical questions
concerned with a specific type of impossible love.

This production thesis explores the specific kind of arrested development in the
young feminine psyche named in Jungian terminology the puella complex, the eternal
feminine youth, with the intent of finding a psychological model to transition through and
transform the complex. Using hermeneutic and artistic-creative methodology, this project
includes a theoretical exploration from both Jungian and self psychology perspectives, an
explication of the Handless Maiden fairy tale, which is a story analog for the paralyzed
puella, an autobiographical narrative, and a musical synthesis. All of these modalities will,
in conjunction, create a web of interconnections and meanings to amplify the themes and
dynamics present in the puella archetype. Acceptance of the puella’s wounding and
limitation are not only part of her unique individuation process, but also germane to it. If
she can take ownership of what she unconsciously externalizes as projection and
internalizes as self-abandonment, then her curse becomes her boon.

Western culture that defines how people relate to themselves and to others. A qualitative and hermeneutical approach is employed to describe and explore the human experience of self-hatred and proposes that it needs to be analyzed and acknowledged as a prominent, yet often-unconscious part of the psyche. The thesis specifically examines self-aggression as a natural part of the psyche that is negatively influenced and increased by the bombardment of media messages and advertisements. Freudian and Jungian approaches are considered in terms of their support or opposition to the self-aggressive force that is fueled by the celebrity and media-saturated culture of the modern era. The study concludes with the importance of understanding that a successful life adapts to imperfections and accepts them as the nature of human life instead of seeking an elusive perfection in a self-destructive quest.

The basic tenets of quantum theory necessitate a new approach to the scientific method. This new approach must contend with the effects of the observer on the observed. Utilizing hermeneutic methodology, this thesis considers the relationship between quantum theory and mythology, and it contends that the similarities between quantum mechanics and the ubiquitous trickster myth conspire to suggest that deterministic elements of psychotherapy need to be exposed and questioned. The first half of the literature review surveys the history of scientific determinism. The second half explores the trickster myth and the ways in which the myth, as a process, inform the history of science. The findings suggest a need for greater uncertainty, or less reliance on diagnosis, in the therapeutic process. Because psychotherapy is part science and part craft, findings indicate a need for therapists to grasp the theoretical limitations of the scientific method.

Is theoretical construction of Carl Jung’s psychology an extension of Aristotle’s natural philosophy and Hermeticism? Aristotle’s natural philosophy was transferred to the 12th century Europe, via Islam, with Hermeticism and Neoplatonism. Transmission of Corpus Hermeticum to Wolfram von Eschenbach’s Parzival was an example. It is possible to identify the psychology of Aristotle in these texts. Aristotle’s natural philosophy was displaced by the philosophy of mind after Descartes, and Jung analyzed this paradigm shift as the depsychologization of projected psychology. With his archetypal theory, Jung compensated for what was missing in modern psychology due to a radical break between the Cartesian mind and the Aristotelian soul. By applying the methodology of the continuity thesis of the history of science, Jung’s psychology is elucidated as a renewal of natural philosophy through transformation. Jung transformed Aristotle’s epistemological distinction between reason (logos) and intellect (nous) into the differentiation of the ego and the self.

Living in American society but pressured by their heritage and past trauma forces many South Asian Americans to abandon their authentic selves and develop personas to navigate the various roles they must assume. The author, a South Asian American survivor of trauma, used tools that encouraged her individuation. A writer by nature, with a passion for dance and painting, she found a connection between soul and psyche through these arts. The production piece of this thesis uses artistic-creative methodology in the form of essays, poems, and art that appeared in her Web log in 2008. Creating a space to achieve witnessing through the World Wide Web proved crucial to her understanding of her identity as human being. The heuristic component of this thesis proposes that artistic tools for expression prescribed by depth psychology for trauma survivors may assist South Asian Americans in individuating from their community and family of origin, resolving their crisis of identity and possible accompanying mental illnesses.

This thesis investigates the phenomenology of adult romantic attachment in a polyamorous context. Reviewing the literature revealed that the majority of psychologists have explored adult romantic attachment through the lens of childhood attachment, for which there is usually one primary attachment figure. However, the literature suggests that one can form romantic attachment relationships with a group. It also suggests that attachment in a polyamorous context will activate early attachment wounds more intensely than monogamous attachment. Using heuristic methodology, the author explored his experiences in two polyamorous contexts: the Burning Man festival and a romantic relationship. This exploration confirmed that romantic attachment is possible with a group and that secure attachment in a polyamorous context requires a safe container. Although the author found that polyamory may activate attachment wounds, he discovered that the conflict between polyamorous and monogamous desires is central to the experience of attachment in a polyamorous context.

The goal of this thesis is to demonstrate the usefulness of music as a therapeutic tool in the event of traumatic brain injury. After a thorough investigation and exploration on the subject, it has become clear that through a depth psychological approach, music expedites healing on many different levels in the brain, body, and soul. My research begins as a young child collecting data in heuristic style, as I try to understand my own experience of traumatic brain injury. Then through qualitative hermeneutic text based study came answers to the haunting questions of how to include the idea of healing traumatic brain injury in a perspective balanced between art and science. The review of literature provides a trail of scientific evidence showing growth of knowledge in this area and demonstrates the increased need for music, in a vibrational sense, for personal, cultural, and global healing.

Wildfire is a highly charged ecological and social issue in the region of Southern California. This thesis takes a look at wildfire from the perspective of Terrapsychology, which asserts that personal experience is related to the greater experience of the planet. Fire is an alchemical symbol of transformation, and we can look to this symbolism to discover an internal process that mimics the outer activity of fire in the land. Through investigation into regional wildfire activity and personal anxiety, this thesis attempts to discover the symbolic value in this cyclical environmental drama. It continues in a search to find what lies beneath, in the unconscious of the region's inhabitants, and in the collective unconscious of the greater animate world. This thesis uses heuristic research methodology through the study of the phenomenon of wildfire in a region and observation of its relationship to the researcher. Since the researcher is both the object and subject of this research, the methodology requires the capacity to be objective about the self while delving deeper into subjectivity.

This thesis introduces aquatic somatic bodywork, a new body therapy the author is developing, and explores its clinical pairing with depth psychotherapy as an adjunct treatment modality. Focusing on psychosomatic symptoms and the mind-body split that occurs in early relational trauma, this thesis offers a new clinical approach to healing involving adjunct bodywork in a warm, salt-water therapy pool. Framed in the initiation archetype of the night sea journey, this thesis draws on the metaphor of being swallowed into the belly of the whale as it parallels the psychological pattern of regression, death, and eventual rebirth into new psychic health. Using alchemical hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies, this thesis engages literature from the depth psychology and somatic psychology traditions, combining those insights with the author's clinical observations as a bodyworker and MFT trainee.

Love and creativity both thrive in the edges of consciousness, embodying our greatest passions and aspirations, and our most profound weaknesses. This thesis explores some of the dynamics that love and creativity seem to share, looking at inspiration, collaboration, audience involvement, and assessment, as viewed from both inside and outside the experience of creativity. The lives and work of several artists, my own experiences as a creative individual, and diverse theories of creativity, love, and music are touched on. This thesis uses a heuristic methodology, and the conclusions reached are open-ended. With two such enormous subjects as creativity and love to link together, the subject is far from exhausted within the confines of this paper; however, the exploration may be helpful for creative individuals examining psychological theories, for persons seeking suggestions in the uses of art in therapy, and in the uses of therapy for artists and other creative people.

Therapists address trauma in clients on a regular basis. This trauma is often deep- rooted especially when it involves continual sexual and physical abuse at an early age. Finding methods by which to have the client interact with the trauma in a safe and healing manner is often a challenge to the therapist and the client.

Using heuristic and hermeneutic methodology, this thesis considers the use of story, myth, and fairytale as a way of approaching personal trauma. A large body of literature is examined for its use in therapy, specifically in relationship to trauma victims.

To illustrate the clinical application of such an approach, the author then presents his own story as a personal myth and examines that myth in relation to the body of literature available concerning trauma and myth.

Only a powerful force can engender soul in art making and depth psychology. Using heuristic and artistic-creative methodologies to inquire into a genuine engagement with the artistic-creative process and its relationship to Self and soul, reveals that power as Eros. The artistic-creative process allows for reconnection with one's deepest self, and an experience of being at home with oneself and the world. By cultivating a Hestia-like presence in one's psyche, unconscious aspects are welcomed and ushered into immanence and autonomy. Healing occurs by nurturing archetypal unconscious aspects as creative instincts rooted in the wild, untamed elements of the psyche and offering them acceptance and expression. The inquiry identified eight stages of the artistic-creative process, which parallel the stages of love relationships and the psychotherapeutic process. Clinical applications include welcoming the wild and invoking Hestia in psychotherapy, supporting midlife creativity, and cultivating relationships with images.

Descendants of victims of large group trauma tend toward a common psychological profile, in which their developmental process is entwined with the unfinished psychological tasks of the previous generation, such as mourning losses and overcoming feelings of guilt and terror. In addition, these children may unconsciously relive portions of their parents’ survival experience at corresponding milestones in their own lives. Using the methodology of alchemical hermeneutics, this thesis explores intergenerational effects of trauma manifested in the lived experience of the author, based on discoveries during psychotherapy that led to the creation of a new narrative and healing. Foundational research literature includes the work of Freud and his theories on trauma and the compulsion to repeat, Bessel A. Van der Kolk’s contemporary understanding of the human response to trauma, Daniel Siegel’s views on human experience and brain physiology, and information collected by Vamik Volkan and Yael Danieli regarding intergenerational trauma.

This thesis examines the ways in which parts of the Self become exiled from consciousness through trauma and developmental deficiencies, how these losses affect the individual, and how, in adulthood, these portions of the Self may be regained. Portions of the Self that have been split off from consciousness are Dark Gods, powerful energies locked in the unconscious. In order to individuate and become whole, the individual must submit to an Underworld journey, reuniting lost energies so that the Dark Gods are no longer forced to push into consciousness disruptively. Reuniting with one's Dark Gods also gives the individual access to these incredible energies and instincts, which are everyone's birthright. This journey is dangerous and the task of the therapist is to mediate and contextualize the process for clients. The journey to the depths is akin to initiation, with the initiated therapist as a guide.
When approached in the right manner, the Dark Gods can become important allies. This thesis explores the Dark Gods through a qualitative, heuristic study of psychology, myth, and individual experience of split off shards of the personality, illustrating that the journey towards wholeness or re-integration is difficult yet incredibly valuable.

Modern Western culture carries a bias toward individuals’ seeking the meaning of life. This thesis, however, provides an inquiry into the philosophy of life’s meaninglessness. Specifically, this thesis examines how the belief that life has no meaning can coexist with the quest for wholeness and individuation. This alchemical hermeneutic exploration builds upon the philosophical musings of contemporary existential thinkers, whose consensus affirmed the meaning-seeking bias and asserted that there is no ultimate meaning to life, but people must create their own meaning. This thesis posits that a philosophy of meaninglessness can be part of the individuation cycle, deepening the human experience by expanding the ability to host paradox and embrace uncertainty. Additionally, this paper suggests a clinical reframe of the experience of meaninglessness, if present: one can hold a philosophy of meaninglessness of life while mindfully, actively purposing one’s life in service of individuation and the aspiration toward personal wholeness.

In the United States as well as other societies world-wide, the media and larger cultural messages about who females are supposed to be are internalized by girls to such a point that they create a traumatic fracture in the cohesion of the self, disconnecting a girl from her voice, her sense of anger, her life power, and authentic relationships with others. Further, this wound creates a double-bind for the girls affected by it, in that they are disconnected from the very things that they require to begin to heal&mdash;the ability to feel anger, to speak authentically, and to form grounded, honest relationships with others that can bear conflict. It is through these means that girls can begin to reconnect with themselves and express that connection in community that creates space for them.

This thesis employs a heuristic methodology grounded in Self Psychology and Jungian thought to explore and analyze literature on the topics of girls' psychological development, how girls are socialized in current U.S. society, the female relationship to anger, trauma in the form of internalized violence, as well as media that influences girls' self-image and development. The author proposes that girls must be allowed to step beyond the traditionally prescribed roles&mdash;roles which place them in the position of always acting reactively and in the service of others. If girls are to grow up in a healthy, authentic way, they must be taught that their presence is welcome, their voices are welcome, and that their lives are as inherently valuable as anyone else's. Implicit in this argument is the belief that current day U.S. society has yet to reach that level of inclusion and welcome with girls, despite the marvelous progress that was made over the course of the 1900s towards women having a fully equal place in society as men. Much lip service is paid to girl power today, but larger and deeper messages contradict the reality of girl power, encouraging girls to minimize their bodies, their true voices, and their connection to honest emotion. Girls are losing themselves in modern U.S. culture. The work towards attaining cultural equality between the sexes is not done.
*The electronic copy of this thesis is on a disc containing a single PDF file, which can be opened with Adobe Acrobat Reader.

This study explores analytically-trained psychotherapists' experiences of uncertainty in their work with patients. Three experienced analysts were interviewed for the study: one Jungian analyst, one Freudian psychoanalyst, and one relational psychoanalyst originally trained as an ego psychologist. The analysts were asked a series of questions that explored the experiences, feelings, thoughts, sensations, changes, and images that they associate with uncertainty in their clinical work. Through phenomenological data analysis of the interviews, uncertainty was revealed to be an important and inevitable experience for the analysts that is both challenging and enriching and that impacts them inside and outside their consulting rooms. The implications of the findings are considered for both psychotherapists and laymen, and the study applies the findings to the research process itself. The study also includes an extensive review of the existing literature on clinical uncertainty.

This thesis examines the harmful repercussions that occur in the lives of women as a result of the sexually objectifying nature of Internet pornography. Little research exists regarding the impact that pornography has on sexual development and sexual self discovery in the lives of women. The presence of pornography influences the way women relate to their sexuality and body, causing many to abandon their own sexual exploration for a self-objectifying sexual relationship with self and other. Utilizing heuristic and qualitative methodology, this thesis explores the relationship women have with their sexuality and bodies as a result of the omnipresent world of pornography. This thesis explores ways women can transform their relationship with their sexuality and create a positive relationship with self to reclaim their authentic sexual self. Public awareness is necessary in order for mental health providers to treat women who are often hastily diagnosed with mood disorders and sexual dysfunctions.

This thesis examines the mythology and shadow of the hormonal birth control pill. Although the Pill undeniably liberates women so that they can control when they have children and subsequently work and earn money as their male counterparts do, the Pill is paradoxically shackling women in that it can create serious emotional and mental side effects such as depression and suicidal ideation; it gives women a false sense of control, choice, and freedom; it cuts off access to their reproductive power, and disconnects them from the feminine; and it has sold women the myth that they can have it all—successful careers and marriages, and blissful motherhood. These ideas are grounded within a review of literature, which includes Jungian psychological theories. Using a heuristic methodology, the literature is applied to the author’s own experience of being on the Pill for over a decade.

This thesis addresses phenomena and symptoms that distinguish spiritual crises from mental illness and provides the therapist with treatment options that do not necessarily stymie the process of spiritual emergence. Within a framework that acknowledges the human potential for transcendence, the thesis reviews fundamental contributions to the field of spiritual emergence in the depth, humanistic, and transpersonal psychological traditions. Utilizing a hermeneutic methodology, the thesis distills recommendations for assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of spiritual crisis and highlights the difficulties the therapist may encounter in addressing a spiritual crisis that could exhibit characteristics of, or intersections with, mental illness. Hypothetical examples of assessment and treatment of spiritual crisis are offered as applications of therapeutic techniques, and consideration is given to the legal and ethical concerns of the therapist who allows for spiritual crisis as a possible diagnosis.

This work uses a heuristic methodology to answer the following questions: //What challenges do chronically ill children face in their psychological development that non-ill children do not? What strengths can emerge from being a chronically ill child? How might the challenges that chronically ill children face transform into strengths?//
This thesis explores how chronically ill children may transform challenges into strengths through the alchemical process. It identifies the challenges with which chronically ill children may have to cope. A case study of a chronically ill child assists in understanding the steps of the alchemical process and how it may relate to the psychological transformation of the ill child. The author provides a personal example of utilizing alchemy to transform the challenges of chronic illness into strengths and provides suggestions for further research and exploration into the experiences of chronically ill children.

This thesis is a personal and investigative inquiry into the impact that growing up in a Vietnam-era military family—as a military “brat”—had on the development of a young girl’s psyche and eventual individuation. The literature review examines the sociological and psychological literature of growing up as a military dependent, as well as the literature of the felt experience of such a childhood. By sharing her journey toward healing and wholeness, the author also explores the direct effect that living in a closed, authoritarian, patriarchal organization—shielded from the growing tide of American feminism—had on her attempts to claim her own voice during the thesis writing process. Applying a Jungian depth psychological lens and a qualitative heuristic methodology, this thesis sheds light on how, under such circumstances, imbalances and obstacles to individuation may be identified and addressed through depth psychological practices.

The author contends that the puer and senex archetypes form a puer-senex syzygy, a psychic tandem of interdependent unconscious instincts. The syzygy forms a comprehensive structural model of the psyche and a corresponding model of the therapeutic relationship. The relationship between therapist and patient is inextricable from the process of change during the course of psychotherapy. Each archetype contains a positive and negative aspect, forming a puer-senex quaternity that models an archetypal dialectic between therapist and patient, circumambulating the patient's psyche and facilitating the individuation process. The therapeutic dialectic between puer and senex, therapist and patient, is facilitated by the feminine principle. A phenomenological hermeneutic analysis of puer-senex theories by Carl Jung, Marie - Louise von Franz, and James Hillman is utilized to support the puer-senex quaternity model.

The universal mirror within the multicultural self is the metaphorical foundation of this research. The colorful rhythms of an identity and the possibility of achieving integration are presented through the combination of music, images, and movements in a videotaped dance production included in this alchemical hermeneutic thesis. The intense diversity of life's events sometimes instigate a sense of disconnection with one's true identity, which awakens a sense of a broken mirror within and, at times, a feeling of no true reflection. The necessity for self-reflection creates a psychological experience between the mirror and the individual, making the mirror a potential metaphor for one's deeper self-image. The idea of being multicultural is extended beyond ethnicities and races. Rebuilding the broken mirror of the multicultural soul is a lifelong process, an endless stage of inner metamorphosis.

Graves' disease is an autoimmune illness. The etiology of Graves' disease is genetic, environmental, social, and psychosomatic. This thesis focuses on the psychosomatic component of Graves' disease. Using a heuristic (Coppin & Nelson, 2005) and hermeneutical methodology, this thesis describes how repressed thoughts, feelings, and emotions can convert into physiological ailments and disease, specifically Graves' disease. This thesis discusses ideas from the disciples of depth psychology, somatic psychotherapy, Buddhism, neuroscience, and medicine and applies them to the author's personal experience with Graves' disease. It presents methods of prevention and treatment for the Graves' disease patient using a depth psychological approach, somatic therapy, the internal martial art Qi Gong, meditation, and mindfulness practices. It serves as a guide for psychotherapists to provide client psycho-education on the medical aspects of Graves' disease, stress management techniques, and tools to address the symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder that commonly accompany the disease.

Equine assisted psychotherapy is an experiential form of psychotherapy which involves collaboration between a licensed therapist, a client, and a horse or horses to address treatment goals. Clients learn about themselves and others by participating in activities with horses and processing the feelings, emotions, behaviors, and response patterns that emerge. This thesis outlines the human-animal bond, the history of animal-assisted therapy, and the concept of biophilia, an instinctive bond between human beings and other living systems. It discusses the evolution and history of the horse as well as its various physical features and archetypal aspects and how these factors combine to make the horse valuable in the therapeutic setting. One of the aspects of the healing relationship with the horse is its willingness to serve humanity. Another aspect of healing are its instincts and intuition; the horse is a prey creature that is continuously aware of its surroundings, therefore one needs to be very aware of one's presence when with the horse and the conscious and unconscious messages one presents to the horse. Prominent contributors to the growth of the field of equine assisted therapy are cited. The author's personal experiences with EAP are explored. The thesis is illuminated through hermeneutic and heuristic research methodology.

American adolescent girls lose touch with their wholeness at puberty as they attempt to fit in and thrive within the constraints of the prescriptions of the dominant, patriarchal culture. In this struggle young females are challenged to preserve their inherent drive for connectedness, which fulfills the essence of their beings as women and highlights the importance of relationships. With its focus on consumerism and external pursuits, American culture is not able to attend well to the transition from childhood to adulthood. Young adults must contend with extensive isolation and stress on their own, with neither role models nor rites of passage to guide them. Given this patriarchal and isolative culture, girls' ability to build a sense of self-worth is even more difficult than it is for boys. Mature women are ideally suited to support the undervalued, undeveloped feminine aspects of young women. Within the connection, the safety, and the holding of a community of women, each young woman can explore and be supported for all of who she is. Women's way of being is best symbolized by a circle, evoking the collaborative means of women. Circles also suggest community and mandalas, a symbol of self. Bringing into balance the feminine with the masculine energies, humankind will benefit by the whole that is brought forth, the whole that humans seek on their path towards individuation. In this thesis I use a heuristic methodology.

Rites of passage are ceremonies, celebrations, and rituals that demarcate times of important transitions in peoples' lives. There are too few of these rituals in modern American culture, especially in regards to the transition for males from adolescence to manhood. The rites that do occur have often been co-opted and do not serve their ancient and intended purpose. Utilizing hermeneutic methodology, this thesis explores rites of passage and the archetype of initiation through the lens of depth psychology, reviewing and synthesizing Jungian ideas about the origin of the initiation archetype, its manifestations in various cultures, and its appearance in the depth psychological and anthropological canons. The function of rites of passage in the clinical treatment of adolescent males in American culture today is also addressed. The author's personal experience with rites of passage is presented, and the recognition of his identification with the archetype is explored using hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies.

My goal in exploring fairy tales as a psychotherapeutic vehicle is to contribute information to psychotherapists who want to have a way of helping a client access unconscious material in the process of individuation, in a way that is nonthreatening to the client's ego. My purpose is to exemplify a process through which a client may discover archetypal patterns that have ruled his or her life and to redeem, through the symbolic world of a fairy tale, wounding experiences and unconscious material that have clustered around those archetypes. Delving into, and locating oneself in, the creative, imaginal realm of the fairy tale provides a methodology that invites the individual to bring his or her soul into the world. Through heuristic research into the interpretation of fairy tales and my own working of a particular fairy tale that speaks to my life experiences, I hope that this thesis will give psychotherapists a guide to using fairy tales in psychotherapy with adults who desire to move forward on the path to individuation, and to find purpose in their lives beyond the expectations of their families and the society in which they were raised.

Horses and humans have been intertwined throughout history. Because of this, horses reverberate in the human psyche. They are adept guides and mediators, with the ability to connect us to the unconscious realms, just as they connect us to the natural world. Horses are unique creatures that add a wonderful dimension of metaphor and image to psychotherapeutic work. As ambassadors of the natural world, they offer a healing presence through their ability to mirror our feelings and stand as a witness. They also model how to be authentic and congruent. As prey animals, they are exquisitely attuned to their surroundings and are able to pick up subtleties and nuance. They have the ability to remove us from our habitual verbal, cognitive state and introduce the depth perspective into the psychotherapeutic arena.
This thesis explores the history of dream work, the horse and human relationship, and how horses have been used in psychotherapy. It also surveys how horses appear in myth and literature, as symbols, and archetypes. Particular attention is given to the trickster archetype, and its connection to dreams. The detachment of modern man from the natural world is discussed as well as the importance of nature as a healing force.
This study utilizes heuristics and hermeneutics to investigate how horses appear in dreams and how they catalyze our connection with the unconscious. A series of personal dreams are described as well as personal sand trays. These are investigated through the lens of depth psychology. The horse arena is approached from the perspective of being an oversized sand tray, a place where the horse and the dream can meet.
It is hoped that an awareness of the use of horses in the psychotherapeutic arena as a part of the realm of the trickster, will open new perspectives and approaches to equine assisted psychotherapy. Trickster energy is paradoxical and playful. It is a connecting energy that takes us to the threshold of our dreams, both waking and sleeping.

Considerable psychic and physical distress befalling law enforcement officers
through a career trajectory is well documented in literature as of late. Up until now, the
etiology typically considered for this distress has been identified as constitutionally weak
officers who fail to thrive while facing the daily possibility of danger and working within
a paramilitary command structure. Now, this heuristic investigation into the old paradigm
reveals surprising new information that turns the construct upside down. As partial
evidence, the Rodney King incident is candled against trickster mythology of the past.
The traumatic daily exposure to the life-transition function of the trickster archetype over
extended time is presented for the origin of symptoms as an alternative to blaming the
individual officer. The predicted positive outcomes for the individual officer seem to
increase remarkably under the influence of culturally-rejected interventions like
organizing against oppressive self-blaming and ritual containment of the trickster
influence.

The focus of this thesis is an exploration of dissociation as a defense against trauma. Dissociation allows the psyche to withstand trauma; however, the individual affected by dissociation pays a high price for this defense. Dissociation is difficult to assess as symptoms tend to mask and present as other pathologies. In this heuristic inquiry, the term dissociation is understood to mean a split in consciousness that protects the psyche from remembering horrific events and suffering the overwhelmingly damaging consequence of unmet dependency needs.

Donald Kalsched’s (1996) theory and experience regarding trauma is singularly important to this work. Kalsched’s view of the psyche and how a child might dissociate to contain trauma is a novel approach in understanding how the psyche protects then persecutes. From a clinical and personal perspective, the theory that dissociation as a beneficial protective defense at inception and later turns on the psyche provides the therapist with a deeper understanding of symptomology and treatment. Jungian theory holds that archetypes are not just one static concept but change constantly trying to balance the opposites. In this framework, it is plausible that an unconscious self-care system would alternate between protection and persecution.

Utilizing hermeneutic methodology, this thesis considers first how the Jungian concept of anima integration might occur and secondly what might be achieved through this process. "The Bold Knight, the Apples of Youth, and the Water of Life" (1973) is a Russian fairy tale about a hero whose ego-oriented will led to his demise but who is eventually restored to life by a princess. This tale was utilized because of its symbolism, which also guided the exploration of this topic. The research I conducted, along with symbolism discovered in the bold knight's tale, suggests that a shift in consciousness at its source, from hero to anima, initiates a relationship with the unconscious through the emotional state of vulnerability. In this move from hero to anima, then, the hero consciously moves into a different relationship with the unconscious, developing greater consciousness of what had previously been unconscious. The conclusion drawn in this thesis is that the way toward a more mature masculinity, described by Jung (1941/1959) and Hillman (2005) as senex, is through a psychological integration of the feminine qualities represented in the anima.

The following thesis focuses on children in pre-oedipal and oedipal developmental years who experience the absence of the paternal role from a once united parental constellation. The primary intentions of this study are to explore how the child's paternal imago and developmental maturation are influenced following the absence of the paternal figure. The research for this thesis was conducted using a heuristic methodology. Through analyzing contemporary and postmodern research literature that addresses the paternal figure, its absence, and its contributions towards the child's development, the significance of the paternal figure will be unpacked. Moreover, this thesis addresses clinical implications, which may become evident in the course of psychological treatment, specific to children reared in paternal-absent families.

This thesis explores the importance of transitional objects and phenomena, well known from Donald Winnicott’s research for their psychological importance to young children, in psychotherapy with adults. Using hermeneutic and heuristic research methodologies, and drawing on depth psychological theory, the author discusses the seductiveness of unhealthy transitional phenomena, such as addictions, in response to the need for safety and the role of healthy transitional phenomena in the addiction recovery process. The therapist–client relationship is illuminated as a transitional phenomenon that supports the client’s internalization of a positive parent figure and contributes to healing from trauma. The author examines how friendship, the natural world, and Buddhist practice, served her as transitional phenomena, analyzing them in terms of how they supported her process of individuation and reparenting the psychologically wounded self. The research demonstrates the ways in which transitional objects and phenomena, throughout the lifespan, contribute to psychological resilience and hardiness.

Anorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any mental illness. It is a disorder that continues to affect millions of females in Western culture. From a depth psychological perspective, this thesis examines the self-punishing thoughts and obsessive-compulsive behaviors associated with the anorexic experience in females. An exploration of psychological literature, journals, dreams, art, archetypes, and alchemy related to the disorder reveals that anorexia is far more than simply the sufferer’s attempt to manage her appearance and weight but is in fact starvation of a different nature, starvation of the soul. The complex and multifaceted nature of female anorexia is articulated using both hermeneutic and heuristic research methodologies. A long-term, interdisciplinary treatment strategy is proposed that directly addresses the underlying pathology related to anorexia, enabling therapists to find words and therapies that will help clients to make sense of their unconscious patterns and understand the nature of their pathology.

The belly brain is a vital nervous system within our body that could hold the key to
resolving chronic and overlapping health conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
and depression. The belly brain, a cluster of nerves in the belly that autonomously
controls the functions of the stomach and intestines, has long been neglected by both
mental and medical health models in Western medicine. This has resulted in a limited
understanding of the effects of IBS and depression and it has had a detrimental impact on
the treatment of these conditions.  Renewed interest in the belly brain has led to new
research and along with information from traditional alternative healing methods there is a
possibility for understanding information held in the belly in new ways. This new
understanding, along with the development of meaning for belly symptoms, could lead to
better health, resolution of symptoms, and improved quality of life for millions of people
who live with both gastrointestinal disorders and mental illness. This thesis uses
hermeneutic and heuristic methodology to explore new and old information about the belly
brain and suggests the need for a structured method of creating a personal and
transpersonal meaning of symptoms.

This thesis examines the phenomenon known as the "dark night of the soul." Utilizing a combination of heuristic and hermeneutic methodologies, this work seeks to give meaning to a psychological state of loss that referred to as "a dark night of the soul." A combination of autobiography, mythology, and depth psychology are used as tools for analyzing this condition of deep soul loss. This synthesis sheds light both on the nature of this condition as well on the nature of human beings and their susceptibility to such stormy events. Myths of descent, which might be understood as ancient manifestations of the "dark night of the soul," are means of anchoring as well as comprehending these events. In addition, new research on the brain helps answer some questions of human behavior, specifically, how the brain works when humans are in relationship, by demonstrating the biological need for human bonding.
More specifically, this thesis enumerates psychological and emotional causes that might lead to the "dark night of the soul," reveals experiences of suffering during such time, addresses the clinical theories that attempt to define this condition, and refers to the transformative gifts that potentially emerge from this type of soul journey.

This thesis uses a hermeneutic approach to examine what culture is from the perspectives of complexity theory, object relations theory, and self psychology. Nurturation, a framework that examines the constitution of culture, is highlighted in the findings. Nurturation proposes that culture is the field that people, as interdependent entities, cocreate by virtue of being interdependent. The manner in which this human field operates is primarily through the patterns of connectedness that are expressed. This field affects people’s individuation potential, and its constitution is found to perpetuate this potential, the more so at lower levels of development. Empirical validation is tentative. The epistemological approach of attachment theory is found to have potential in providing empirical support.

This thesis explores yoga as an alchemical practice, utilizing the Jungian concept of alchemy as a metaphor for psychological individuation. Yoga offers the potential for transformation and self-realization through the activation of shadow material in the somatic unconscious in tandem with the experience of the transcendent Self. Through hermeneutic and heuristic research, the nigredo phase of alchemy is examined as providing a context and language for the transformative nature of yoga. The author explores her experiences of yoga as an alchemical practice and the dangers of using yoga as a spiritual bypass instead of a vessel for wholeness and the integration of the shadow. The thesis demonstrates the value of integrating yogic and depth psychological concepts, and using yoga as a body-centered therapy in conjunction with psychotherapy. The author offers a guideline for therapists for using basic yoga techniques to help clients to alleviate such states as anxiety and depression.

This thesis uses hermeneutic methodology to explore Jung’s typological theory and the developmental theories of Piaget and Erikson. The author summarizes Jungian typology, including insights from recent research regarding psychological typology, and provides an overview of essential Jungian concepts. He reviews Piaget’s stages of development as related to the thinking function, and Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development in terms of the evolution of the feeling function. Drawing from a comparative analysis of these theories, this thesis focuses on the process of creating a persona in the first part of life and its relationship to the individual’s psychological typology. Through the presentation of a series of diagrams that describe the evolution of the individual from infancy through adolescence, the author proposes a method of representing the complex interplay of relationships and systems on the development of the persona and visually maps the psyche’s functional complexes within the context of typological preferences.

Becoming a motherless daughter during childhood is a tragic experience. This heuristic and qualitative research focuses on how the loss of one's mother during childhood affects a daughter's sense of self and experience of mothering her own children. Using heuristic methodology, the author draws from her experience of her mother's death to examine its influence on her future relationships and role as a mother. Seven women, who as children suffered the death of their mothers and who now have their own children, were interviewed regarding the lifetime effect of the loss and its impact on their experience of motherhood. The women's stories shared in common feeling without support, the determination to be independent, fear of loss, and fear of dying young. How the daughter's family addressed her need for attachment and to grieve played an important role in the effect the loss had on her sense of self and future.

Why do some children who undergo hardship exhibit resilient behaviors and others do not? Can parents, community workers, and therapists cultivate the foundation for a young person to establish resilient behavior patterns? Through the lens of depth psychology, this thesis explores building resilience in adolescents utilizing alchemical hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies. Due to the nature of resilience being a phenomenon rather than a personality trait, this thesis proposes that working with adolescents using the depth tradition supports the developmental process of building resilience. Through the introduction of depth psychological theories that consider the relationship between the conscious and unconscious, a gateway toward resilience is established. This gateway provides a direction for change through image. It is by working through the imagination with images, myths, fairy tales, and expressive arts that an individual connects with what the author calls the fountain of resilience: an inner resource for resilience.

It is my belief that poor object relations and attachment failures in early childhood constitute trauma. As a result of these experiences, a child is more apt to separate from not only a relationship with self, but also from a deeper sense of existence. Consequently, an individual begins to orient his or her identity to the external world, rather than creating an identity based on an internal relationship with self. Accordingly, he or she perceives that life is empty and meaningless. Shame-based coping mechanisms which form to allow an individual to tolerate the effects of traumatic experience, unfortunately, only serve to perpetuate a person's dissociation from self. Healing, therefore, necessitates that an individual reestablish a relationship with self and a deeper existence. In using present-centered healing methods that place the focal point of healing within so that a connection with a person's unconscious can emerge, healing from trauma is possible as an individual reclaims not only previously unacceptable, cast off parts of self, but also a meaningful and abundant relationship with a deeper sense of existence. This thesis uses not only a theoretical approach to define attachment and trauma, but also phenomenological and heuristic methods to ground the theories and concepts presented herein.

This thesis explores the nature and importance of spiritual presence as a foundation for the therapeutic relationship. The author describes presence as a state of being rather than a state of mind, recognizable as a felt sense and understood experientially. Presence is defined as a state in which all aspects of being function simultaneously and fully and in which one is fully human, fully divine, integrated with the earth and nature and aligned with one's most essential personal self; it is a natural state of partnership with all aspects of one's spiritual ecology, but one that is overlooked and that requires attention and practice to develop. This work proposes stepping ahead of empirical research and exploring the inner reaches of one's own awareness and the intuitive and experiential laboratory within one's self.

Utilizing a heuristic approach, the author develops the subject through a narrative of personal experience; a review of contemporary writings from the field of quantum physics, psychology, organizational development, and spirituality; discussion based on his lifelong study of spiritual education and exploration of consciousness; and a presentation of content that can be used in training programs or seminars on how the process of cultivating presence within oneself can be enhanced and shared. This presentation of a step-by-step introduction to a deep experience of presence makes the case for a practice of presence as the means to incarnate fully into one's life. Suggestions and guidelines are offered for application of this practice in psychotherapy.

The developmental transition from adolescent to adult is a period of significant inner transformation for gay men. Guidance, support, and mentorship can facilitate a model for conscious masculinity, femininity, and androgyny to encourage his emergent self-concept and offer an experience of initiation. Throughout history and across cultures, rite-of passage rituals have assisted individuals transitioning between developmental levels into a new self-identity. The primary research question draws on hermeneutic and action research methodologies to guide this thesis: How can the restoration and appreciation of the First Nation concept of the two-spirit increase awareness and acceptance for the interconnectivity of sexuality, race, gender, and the sacred among adolescent and adult gay males? A 6-week transformational workshop for gay men was designed to explore what information, support, and experiences might assist in their psychological transition. Most important are structure and content of the workshop to provide an experience of containment, support, and mentorship.

This qualitative research on the similarities between the processes of seeds and self-actualization investigates the relationship between theories of human development and the inborn ability of seeds to come into their fullness. Utilizing a hermeneutic research methodology, this investigation centers around exposing the detrimental effects on mental health created by disconnection from natural cycles, and the potential protective and restorative benefits associated with regaining that connection. A new perspective towards therapeutic interactions is suggested based on the findings of a wide spectrum of research which supports the potential merits of such a shift.

The loss of my husband catapulted me into the seething cauldron of my unconscious. My conscious self, with its adaptation to a world that was no longer relevant, had disappeared. This thesis is a heuristic and hermeneutic exploration of how my unconscious mysteriously crafted a new self structure based in a feminine ground of being. The use of active imagination turned my descent to the underworld of grief into a transformational process, as dream images led to an encounter with the magical, sweet presence of the divine feminine within. A review of relevant literature contextualizes my lived experience in depth psychological theory of archetypal patterns, myth, archeomythology findings of Old Europe, and shamanic initiation ritual. Clinical applications related to bereavement counseling are suggested and conclusions proffered.

This artistic-creative production thesis argues that the creative process provides a psychologically viable therapeutic method. Through both hermeneutic and heuristic research, the author demonstrates how creative expression combined with depth psychology is a valuable approach to understanding trauma and fear by identifying and understanding the archetype of the shadow within imagery. With this method, transference and countertransference can be approached inclusively.

The author documents his engagement with the subjective material of his shadow and his development of a shadow æsthetic, a taste for his own and cultural shadow material. The shadow and associated fear and horror arise from the unconscious and sources of related theory concerning this, ranging from aesthetic philosophers to the analytical psychology of C. G. Jung, are reviewed. The author's illustrations exemplify working with shadow archetypes in support of an inclusive psychological perspective on the problem of evil and the need to eliminate censorship from psychological investigations.

In this thesis, hypotheses from a depth psychological perspective are proposed about how unconscious cultural complexes influence the lack of success of young Latino males in the educational system of California. The thesis presents a grounded theory from an exploration of ancient Mesoamerican mythology prior to Spanish colonization, specifically focusing on the pre-Hispanic cult of the goddess Coatlicue and her evolved characteristics in modern times as La Virgen de Guadalupe. Hermeneutic research is used to develop this theory in its implications for the education of Latino boys, drawing upon concepts related to the dynamics of the collective, cultural, and personal unconscious, together with research on education. Emphasis is placed on the projective and transference dynamics occurring between these young Latinos, their teachers, and the educational system as a whole. This exploration provides the basis for understanding the psychological issues embedded in culture in the current educational crisis among young Latinos.

The fairly recent scientific findings regarding the neuroplasticity of the brain have
engendered an interest in the brain and the mind and how they interact and influence one
another. Using hermeneutic methodology, this thesis explores ways in which mindfulness
practices, rooted in the contemplative Eastern traditions, may potentially activate and
alter physiological neural components, and ultimately expand and enhance the existing
understanding of mental and psychological health and well-being. The author’s personal
experiences will also be presented utilizing artistic-creative methodology.

This thesis contends that the populations of the world are escalating in insanity and dogma, and this behavior is a direct response to humankind’s increasing remoteness from nature. It postulates that some aspects of a returning to nature may be achieved through a shamanic experience. The research problem was to gain some understanding of the effects of a shamanistic experience on the human psyche and determine if such an experience can be an enabling force in people’s lives. Utilizing heuristic methodology in this thesis, the thesis considers the empirical evidence discovered in the author’s journey to find a shaman and participate in his rituals. The journey is discussed and the conclusion reached that the rituals opened a path to a discovery of quietude and the deeper meanings of existence. It is also suggested such a path may be used by others for self-exploration, therapy, or analysis.

Through hermeneutic and artistic-creative research methodologies, the author seeks to discover the future implications of increased consumption of electronic media. She hypothesizes that excessive electronic media consumption is potentially damaging to imagination, development, and health, and seeks to discover ways of reversing and repairing this damage. To this end, the author explores the essential functions of electronic media, points out the ways in which it is failing society, and argues that literature is a better way of accomplishing the same societal functions as electronic media. She explores the possible healing potential of fantasy literature in bibliotherapy with children, and presents research on the history and indications of its use. She asserts that because children’s reading habits have changed, a new way of using bibliotherapy in psychoanalysis is necessary, and proposes an analytical approach to bibliotherapy, which emphasizes close reading skills, and the use of fantasy literature as its basis.

This production thesis utilizes heuristic methodology to explore stage fright as experienced by the author, both historically and as a part of a production created expressly for that purpose. The attached dvd of the production is included in the Appendix. In it, participants were invited to witness the author play with persona and stage fright as well as take a turn on stage themselves.
Scientists, as well as those suffering from it, have approached stage fright as an affliction — a disease to be cured. This thesis looks at stage fright as an image and questions the role of persona in that image. For the author, persona has functioned as defender against stage fright. It has been exiled in the hope that stage fright would follow along and also be banished. Stage fright and persona have both participated in similar ways in the therapy room. A goal of this thesis is in seeing where stage fright lives and how it intersects with persona, and how these two live and work in the therapy room. In the production piece, persona and stage fright are allowed to be as they are, images invited to co-exist within the image of the author and the image of the world.

Through hermeneutic literature review and data analysis, Theadora Peterson
(2010) hypothesizes that empathic deficits are at the root of antisocial behavior in
children. Peterson seeks to determine if, and how, such empathic deficits can be remedied
through an exploration of literature and data. She examines the failure of the current
system of residential care in the treatment of children ages eight to eighteen with severe
behavioral issues.

The author asserts that modern, campus-based, residential treatment not only does
little to address empathic deficits in children with conduct disorder, but has the potential
to worsen them. In response to this deficit in care, Peterson proposes a family-based,
holistic model of residential treatment that seeks to provide more successful and lasting
care for children with antisocial behavior by addressing all aspects of the clients’ lives,
combining both scientific and in-depth interventions to target empathic deficits at both a
brain and soul level. In her proposal, Peterson includes social, emotional, cognitive,
affective, behavioral, neurological, developmental, physical, and soul issues in the
development of empathy, and includes treatments for each aspect.

This thesis is an inquiry into the nature of trauma through the lenses of yoga and analytical psychology and includes important contributions from somatic psychology. The face of trauma and its journey toward wholeness is thus defined as much more than a psychological diagnosis. Utilizing alchemical hermeneutic and heuristic research methodologies, the author explains how analytical psychology and yoga can be theoretically integrated and clinically applied to remedy trauma in the bodymind. Findings include comparisons between both methods, components of the therapeutic relationship, and the art of improvisation in clinical application as influenced by principles of meditation and alchemy. Finally, analytical psychology and yoga theory are presented in tandem within a holistic model. This model is a map and hypothesis for transcending the trauma complex and living life more fully, healing the mind and body, and treating the condition at its root and stem.

Memoir is a tool of reconciliation and redemption. It is a rearview reflection that encourages the wisdom of insight and begs the grace of forgiveness. Similar to narrative therapy, memoir is the reframing of events until they no longer define us, but are defined by us. Writing one's story offers a freedom that perforates projections. It supports the discovery of interior states. The memoirist learns which pieces of personal history require mending, which pieces seek restitution, and which pieces remain unmentionable. Words painstakingly strung together one by one create a precision of meaning and memory. The page becomes the container which offers sanction and comfort. Equally gratifying is taking delight in discovering humor, and reveling in remembrances of joys and triumphs.
Lives are continuously told as they are lived. Each new friend, lover, and teacher grants the opportunity to reframe past events with either the clarity that comes with seasoned compassion, or the hardened heart that holds onto old grievances. It is a chance to recalibrate the consequences of deliberate choices or the vicissitudes of fate. The memoirist can either remain fixated on filters and indignations or one can embrace the value of a life that grants us continuous opportunities for radical awakening.
This thesis employs a heuristic methodology, presenting literature supporting the value of writing one's story and the depth psychological perspective the author employs in reflecting on events in her memoir. Her memoir includes events from her life experience and relationships as a child in broken and blended families, through her career in stage and television, to her current involvement in teaching yoga and training as a psychotherapist. The memoir demonstrates the therapeutic value of memoir as a tool on the path toward individuation.

The vast majority of Americans today do not live in the same place as their ancestors, and many do not live in the place where they grew up. Psyche seems to be asking for a rooted connection to places and their stories. Using a heuristic approach, this thesis explores how place, narrative, and synchronicity interact in the individuation process. What is the relationship between nature and narrative? How do conscious and unconscious forces deepen our relationship with implaced myths? How can this kind of relationship be cultivated, and how can this relationship enhance the individuation process? Using a depth psychological approach, this thesis presents reimplacement and remythologizing as complimentary meaning-making processes. Cultures such as the Western Apache have nourished these relationships since time immemorial. Those from modern, fragmented cultures can tend to their imperfect, often incomplete, relationships with place and myth to deepen them.

This thesis explores the concept and experience of close relationship with locations and spaces. It employs heuristic and creative methods to consider the place of intimacy in various literary, physical, and psychic landscapes. It gives equal weight to inner and outer geographies, charting dreams, houses, poetic forms, and ecology. Building on philosophic, ecological, and spiritual writings, this production thesis proposes the cultivation of an intimate relationship with place as an answer to environmental devastation. The creative component of this project consists of a series of poems and drawings exploring the location of intimacy and connected by this common theme.

This thesis discusses the biological, social, and cognitive transitions during adolescent development. Common difficulties that are associated with adolescent girls are reviewed, including identity development, self-esteem, and psychological states including depression and anxiety. An overview of strategies for working with adolescents that use existentialism and spirituality as a theoretical approach is offered along with the rationale for choosing this approach. Prevention programs that show demonstrated efficacy are summarized, and finally a proposed prevention program, O.W.L.S.: Circle of Wisdom, is introduced.

This thesis identifies and discusses the trickster, the warrior, and the trauma archetypes manifesting as complexes and expressed as collective possession in Jamaica within individuals from that society. The two primary implications of the heuristic research are that the sources of trauma for clients who lived in the Jamaican society remain deeply hidden in their shadow and that these archetypes as they manifest as complexes hiding in the individual and collective unconscious need to be acknowledged and uncovered if real psychological healing is to occur. Even though the statistics about intense violence in the society are easy to find and validate, in initial therapeutic interactions, most people from Jamaica would be reluctant to acknowledge the pain and suffering caused by the traumatic experiences. The thesis concludes that depth psychology is a treatment ideally suited to help clients and therapists work with these deeper psychological elements.

This is a production thesis, using creative/ artistic methodology, meaning that the exploration includes the expression of the findings in an actualized, technological, art project, also using the methodology of hermeneutics (Moustakas, 1994) this is a theoretical thesis. On paper, it is a stroll through some of the corridors shared by depth psychology, mythology, and art. The theoretical basis begins with a broad analysis of a very special tradition of imagery, one that is a plurality, it is imagery now lazily referred to as modern art. The remarkable fact that visual art has made a huge move away from all that has preceded it seems a nonevent even to those in the privileged circles who cherish and revere the idea of the image. Perhaps their fondness comes more from nostalgia and overlooks the luster of images still quivering with liveliness. Imaginal psychology is the theoretical basis from which to frame a larger inquiry into art. Along the way, I will introduce Flora, a piece of my own work that inspired, and was inspired by, the topic of this thesis. Locating her in the larger story of modern art we shall reflect on the necessary though troublesome experience of the inner critic. Placing these concepts in relationship to each other I attempt to indicate new theoretical possibilities; primarily, that modern art offers a largely unexamined and rich study of contemporary mythic expression.

This thesis is an exploration of two figures of the Imago Americana: Harriet Tubman and John Brown. Tubman and Brown are historic actors in the American Civil War whose deeds, renowned in their day, became woven into the fabric of American legend and elevated into the realm of archetypal and iconic signifiers. More personally, they comprise two halves of an image that has preoccupied me since childhood. This thesis is a study of a phenomenological encounter with image, archetype, and symbol, as well as a reflection on Harriet and John through the theories of the tenets of heuristics, depth psychology, cultural complexes, and liberation psychology.

The loss of romance in marriage may be treated as an opportunity for psychological change and growth by both partners. Using both heuristic and hermeneutical methodology, this thesis proposes a new model for romantic practice based on various theories of marriage as a psychological relationship, the use of ritual as a method of making and holding meaning, and the author‟s personal experience. In this model, romance regenerates from the ritual honoring of the individuation journey within a mutually created sacred space. This thesis will explore the ways in which this model both supports the psychological underpinnings of committed relationship and also attends to the demands of soul, which may be revealed through the processes of inner work.

This thesis is a hermeneutic search for meaning and communication with an archetypal image of the Serpent. The search is concerned with the personal and collective relationship with cosmogony and the creation of consciousness as represented by the Archetypal Serpent. This thesis is an ode to working with an image and is an example of transformation. The archetypal image of the Serpent is explored through its emergence in the Garden of Eden as well as its emergence in the author’s personal experience. The author describes the engagement of an image and the cosmogonic effects it enflames from within, producing an exposure to beauty and transformation in the process of sensing and directly experiencing the archaic. The archaic saturates inner as well as outer life, creating a bridge. This confrontation with an archetypal image becomes an event one can derive meaning from on the path of discovering one’s own personal cosmogony.

Psychosynthesis presents an integration of Eastern yogic constructs, depth psychology, and the human potential movement in response to the need for an integrated exploration of the depths and the heights of the personal and spiritual aspects of experience. It articulates the relationship between a safe psychological container, psychological distance, and the use of the imagination in synthesizing unconscious contents, disidentifying from crippling identities, and assimilating contact with the higher self. This heuristic research presents an analysis from the perspective of psychosynthesis theory of the author's engagement with therapeutic techniques that involved playing tennis, meditation and chanting, journaling and forgiveness, and gestalt empty-chair work. The author's findings relate to the process of creating a strong psychological container to withstand overwhelming symptomology and how, in psychosynthesis processes, an intrapsychic corrective emotional experience addresses issues of worthiness, personal power, and identity leading to increased authenticity and a greater capacity to fulfill one's goals.

This phenomenological thesis examines how telling a traditional fairy tale in a
therapeutic setting can be healing for a trauma therapy client. This paper explores the
ways in which oral storytelling interacts with the psyche and how that interaction can be
healing, by allowing the listeners to work on unconscious material outside of themselves,
learning to regulate emotions and self-soothe, regaining a sense of personal control, and
creating a cohesive narrative of a sequence of events. By comparing what is learned
about the healing potential of storytelling to the basic tenets of trauma theory, it is seen
that many of the healing powers of story complement the treatment goals of a trauma
client. Therefore, this thesis proposes that oral storytelling is a valuable therapeutic
intervention for traumatized patients.

This production thesis explores the psychological effects of being born from rape. Until now, those conceived in rape have been recognized only in research addressing rape-genocide as a by-product of war, the focus being on the pregnant rape survivors, not on the resulting children. Beyond the lack of support available to this population from the mental health community and the antirape movement, there is a notable lack of scholarly research on this population. Using hermeneutic and grounded theory methodologies, this thesis begins to fill this gap, focusing on the forgotten victims of rape: the children born of rape. This thesis recognizes those conceived in rape as an underserved population in mental health, initiates the psychological exploration of their particular struggles, and offers Conceived in Rape: A Handbook for the Forgotten Victims of Rape to better support these individuals and to more aptly equip the professionals working therapeutically with this population.

This thesis explores the symbol of the mermaid within the human psyche and its
corollary relationship to the submerged feminine principle. The framework for exploring
this image is multifaceted and draws upon mythology, poetry, fairy tale, art, and dream
imagery.

The research methodology used within this thesis is dual-pronged: the raison
d’être for this subject was breathed into life via the principle of an alchemical
hermeneutical orientation, and a hermeneutic wing allowed for a more consciously
participatory engagement with the archetypal dimensions of this image. The 19th century
French fairy tale entitled Undine and the 19th century Danish fairy tale entitled The Little
Mermaid are used as auxiliary lenses with which to explore the symbol of the mermaid
within a narrative scaffolding. Certain psychic realities can only be expressed by a
symbol, and the living image of the mermaid is indeed charged with potent symbolic and
archetypal meaning.

Building on post-Jungian feminist perspectives, this thesis explores contemporary American women’s experience of the archetypal feminine and the role of the feminine in individuation. Using the research methodology of grounded theory, qualitative data was gathered in three workshops for women, who compared their experience with the female descent myths of Inanna, Demeter, and the Handless Maiden. The psychological oppression of the relational feminine has resulted in the exploitation of the female body, the environment, and the politically disenfranchised. Through the entwined telling of the mythic stories with their personal stories, the author and her co-researchers explored the transformational and relational wisdom in rage and sorrow. They contacted the underworld presence and empowering role of the archetypal feminine; unmaking the myth of the patriarchy to reveal a feminine nomos, or fabric of meaning, that yields the capacity to create a different story for the development of individuals and cultural inclusivity.

This thesis contributes to the understanding of the feminine at the crossroads of the collective and the individual through the cultural mirror of myth and fairy tale, and the lived experience of contemporary women. It enriches an understanding of the role of the archetypal feminine in psychological healing, articulating a feminine experience of Self and a non-binary construct for the process of individuation.

This work lays bare one individuant’s intimate encounter with shame and self-loathing using the Cretan myth of Theseus and the Minotaur as a metaphor for the monstrous aspects of the personality which must be sacrificed in order to birth a more conscious and fulfilling way of being. Written with visceral power and emotional intensity by an award-winning literary journalist who plans to train as a Jungian analyst, the narrative featured in this thesis employs a depth psychological approach to the process of personal transformation in a bid to move beyond understanding the unseen emotional and instinctual forces that shape our lives to intimate contact with, and integration of, those forces in a way which yields greater life purpose and wholeness. This thesis uses a heuristic research methodology in a bid to explore and process, through individual experience, the manner in which introjected shame and self-loathing transform parental complexes.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most discussed and researched psychological and educational topics. With all of its technological progresses, society has unconsciously diverged from sacred principles. The soul has been forgotten and put aside. Consequently, Western culture has been caught up in materialism, and the rational mind has created an imbalance in the part of humans that is creative and heartcentered. The consequence is a loss of soul. The question I asked was: What if the Soul is using the symptoms of ADHD as an aspect of earthly experience with the purpose to help each of us to grow, individually and collectively? In an attempt to add soul to this thesis, using a hermeneutic approach, I explored different methods for treating ADHD and my own spiritual practices as a way to bring back the soul to human experience.

Myths and fairy tales are mirrors of the human psyche. This study includes a hermeneutic exploration of the relatively modem fairy tale, Pinocchio: The Story of a Puppet: by Carlo Collodi, along with a heuristic account of the author's personal experiences in terms of the sabotage of the individuation process when parental approval is won only by adhering to parental expectations. Notions of individuation and the good boy syndrome are reviewed principally with regard to the depth psychological theories of C. G. Jung, Marie-Louise von Franz, and James Hillman. The research is applicable in helping therapists dealing with clients who set aside their individuation to placate authority and to win approval. The suggested role of the therapist is to help the client understand how the good boy syndrome is sabotaging these clients' relationships as well as their individuation, what causes this pattern, and how to deal with it.

This thesis explores songwriting and performing as a creative process with
implications for therapeutic application. Using the language and concepts of depth
psychology to explore how songwriting and performance impact self-exploration and
individuation, the research specifically addresses the questions: How can the experience
of songwriting and performing be described using depth psychological concepts? What
aspects of the creative process of songwriting and performing might be understood as
therapeutic or healing? Songwriting and performing experiences were compared to the
therapeutic process through an analysis of themes from phenomenological interviews
with professional songwriter-performers and the author’s personal songwriting and
performing experience. This study concludes that the creative process of songwriting and
performing can be experienced as therapeutic, and may be a viable adjunct or alternative
to talk therapy. As an autonomous activity, songwriting and performing may also offer an
avenue for active imagination as defined by C. G. Jung (1951/1983).

Scapegoating occurs when people attempt to alleviate feelings of guilt over their
shadow material and project it onto a member of the community who is felt to be at odds
with the group. Though many are unjustly scapegoated, not all succumb to the complex.
Those who identify with the scapegoat role are deeply wounded and alienated from both
the collective and the Self. Utilizing a heuristic methodology, the author uses the
experiences of herself and others to identify patterns of early parent-child relationships
that lead to a person’s readiness to take on the shadow characteristics of others and
identify with the scapegoat. This thesis also considers wounds common to those
individuals as may be encountered in the therapeutic setting and explores avenues for
their healing. A review of available literature provides a historical overview of
scapegoating, and looks at the nature of both shadow and guilt.

This thesis investigates some of the difficulties that men recovering from child abuse later in life face. This work suggests that a depth psychology approach to this trauma is helpful to overcoming these difficulties. Masculine psychology and trauma psychology, both areas of depth psychology, have unique qualities that offer men recovering from child abuse a path to recovery. Reviewing the literature on these two facets of depth psychology reveals that both of these areas could be combined to help men recovering from early childhood abuse. Using both hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies, the research in both of these areas is applied to a series of dreams that the author had during his own recovery from childhood abuse later in life. The research in this thesis indicates that a combination of masculine psychology and trauma psychology helps to explain how the psyche processes early childhood trauma later in life.

The realm of relationships not only includes intrapsychic and interpersonal
relationships, but also the relationship between humans and the world. Using
participatory epistemology as methodology, this thesis explores that relationship through
stone, an accessible entity of Earth. A relationship with stone can be seen throughout
various times and cultures; stones have played significant roles within mythology,
shamanic practices, ancestral worship, and divination. Stone was a major preoccupation
in the ancient art of alchemy, which Carl G. Jung later paralleled to the process of
individuation. Psychological views and modern approaches to stone are explored in the
writings of Jung, Stephen Aizenstat, Maud Oakes, and James Hillman. The story of a
particular kind of stone, what the author has named the Imaginal Stone, is revealed
through its geological history and discovery by the author’s father. The emerging
relationship between the Imaginal Stones and the author is documented through the study
of dreams, active imagination, and synchronicity.

Boys growing up today in the grip of poverty face problems that need to be addressed with a therapeutic lens. Through the use of hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies, this work investigates various theories of development for male youth and explores the use of poetry as a medium for healing. The author includes a review of J. M. Barrie’s Peter Pan, current research on at-risk and incarcerated youth, an analysis of successful interventions in juvenile hall, writings and poetry created by incarcerated adolescent males, and original poetry by the author. In addition, this paper traces the development of the Peter Pan and Lost Boy archetypes as presented in film and popular psychological literature throughout the 20th century. The author draws comparisons between the social and emotional needs of the fictional Lost Boys and modern, at-risk males, and offers suggestions on educational and social policy changes along with implications for clinical treatment.

This thesis explores women who carry the archetypes of the eternal child and the princess, for whom the journey toward ego strength and maturity in adulthood can feel unattainable. As womanhood approaches, this woman/child is susceptible to relationships, circumstances, and dynamics that create a circular cycle of despair in which personal power is given to the other and the Self is not solidified. Through the use of qualitative and heuristic methodology, this thesis weaves mythological voice, depth psychological theory, and the author’s personal experience to present a journey toward individuation. Specifically, the relationship to shadow material revealed through projections and relationship with the animus will be examined. The focus is on the power of archetypal and mythical mirrors within the psyche and the slow, yet significant claims to freedom the woman/child makes, even in the bondage of her self-perceived powerlessness, towards her own brand of becoming.

This phenomenological qualitative thesis focuses on the human search for love, and why it is parallel to one's search for God. With modern Western society's uncaring attitude toward tenderness and compassion, there are many detached, unhappy, and lonely people living in perpetual isolation. The archetypal god of love is introduced through Plato's writings to support suggestions for the positive healing gains of allowing love into one's life. As well, the down side of those not willing to take chances to open their minds and hearts to the magic that love allows is explored. These various conceptions and experiences of love are intended to illustrate that there is a wholeness to love that reveals the poverty of life without it. The science of human emotion and the triune brain is also presented to understand the stress reduction and healing promoted by the presence of love. Without this knowledge we risk living together in hate, fear and loneliness while continuing to hurt each other in ignorance. An original song and poetry is provided by the author aimed at revealing our need for love and loving. Equipped with this awareness we may be able to make better choices for ourselves, our families, and those who will continue this journey after us.

This thesis is an examination of the life and trials of an adoptee. The impact of
trauma related to adoption extends deep into the psyche as the child grows. Among the
factors contributing to an adoptee’s struggle with trauma is the focus on the adoptive
parents. The adoptee’s experience is neglected as the adoptee is expected to be thankful
to the adoptive parents and to comply without making waves in the new family. Research
shows a link between adoption, trauma, and dissociation; yet the adoptee is misdiagnosed
and therefore provided with erroneous treatment. Utilizing a heuristic methodology, the
author incorporates her personal experience with literature on studies regarding the
adoption experience and depth psychology, including the Hero's Journey. The personal
journey of the adoptee extends into the cultural shadow where the fear of abandonment
festers. The intention is to bring these issues to light to promote individuation and
healing.

Death may be the greatest of all human blessings.
Socrates, as cited in Plato, 1892, p. 122

Death by choice, death by instinct, or natural death: are they mutually exclusive, or do they occur simultaneously? In this thesis, Sigmund Freud’s theories of Thanatos,the “death instinct” (1917/1966), and Eros, the “life instinct” (1920/1961) are discussed and evaluated through the actions of human beings (Hunt, 1994). Death is defined in broader terms than just an event of the termination of one’s life processes. Death encompasses a series of actions participated in during a lifetime, as well as losses outside of one’s control. The influences of culture and environment affect one’s longevity, depending on whether one can break away from the pervasive pressure and think independently. Using hermeneutic methodology, this research analyzes, or synthesizes, existing theories on death, and life, and proposes a new theory regarding the energy transfer taking place between the activation of the death, or life forces, and what sustains them.

The author situates the human singing voice at the axis of Psyche and Soma, suggesting vocalization as vital in the transformation of any trauma complex. Using Intuitive Inquiry as a methodology, the results of the study are presented as a prerecorded vocal method for survivors of trauma supported by a qualitatively researched rationale. In the Compose method, imagistic representations and sonic manifestations are initially culled through visceral interoception and exteroceptive sensory awareness. These images are then externalized in freely associated dreamlike scenes. Since singing is physical and imagistic, the entirety of the body (as a biological organism and symbolic field) is engaged in transforming the traumatically induced complex. Drawing from heuristic self-exploration, the depth psychological tradition, and contemporary somatic approaches, findings indicate that vocalization may be instrumental in the healing of trauma survivors.

This thesis is based within hermeneutic theory. It heuristically presents the author's narrative story and personal history as well as a healing perspective on psychotherapeutic work with clients suffering acute traumas in their lives. It is within this context that the exploration is pursued of helping these sufferers once again find their voice. This thesis proposes that working with multi-dimensional realms of healing can enhance a psychotherapeutic practice. The varied healing modalities offer alternative perspectives for understanding individual phenomena. These can be used in diagnostic and treatment considerations to increase a sense of connectivity with the environment. Though based primarily on the Jungian method of active imagination, work presented in this thesis draws on other aspects of depth psychology, as well as energy psychology, i.e. chakras, and a variety of complementary healing practices to demonstrate a multidisciplinary and cross-cultural approach in journeying with the soul's learning's. Each of us is an individual expression of our soul, represents a spark of the divine. The intent is to provide a nourishing focus that invites wellness.

An alchemical hermeneutic methodology gives form to this thesis through the author’s experience of falling apart and her journey to re-envision wholeness. This research seeks to answer how falling apart, viewed through a psychologically polytheistic lens, might lead to the integration of one’s complexes and help form an alternate meaning of wholeness. A theoretical framework of polytheistic psychology ties together the concepts of archetype, complex, and image to uphold the view of a multidimensional self. Through this lens, complex-integration replaces the pathological dimension of falling apart with an insightful journey of self-exploration. The author’s experience of breaking apart leads to an examination of the complexes and archetypes that contribute to her individuality, namely the archetypal relationship between Demeter and Persephone and the characteristics of the child archetype. This work demonstrates how a psychologically polytheistic view of wholeness can lead to self-acceptance and a broader vision of wholeness.

This thesis explores sacred sexuality using alchemical hermeneutic and heuristic research methodologies with a depth psychological perspective. It aims to help individuals achieve deeper intimacy in relationship and embrace the erotic self through conscious awareness of all sensual experience. Throughout history, social conditioning has promulgated ideas about and behaviors related to sexuality according to the cultural norms and values of the place and time. This thesis seeks to bring the sacred back to sexuality as a portal to achieving wholeness of psyche. Alongside analysis of previous and contemporary research on this topic, the author uses artistic expression and reflections on personal experience to bring creativity and meaning to this thesis, aligning the mind, body, and spirit—a process symbolic of the goal of this research.

Children are becoming technically savvy by the age of three, and although this may be necessary for survival in coming generations, a need exists to protect and nurture the basic tenets of childhood: imagination, wonder, exploration, and discovery. Imagination aids children in a variety of developmental stages and lays the groundwork for creative and well-adjusted adults. Imagination can help a child maneuver through the many stages of development as well as assist with a variety of social and emotional challenges. Children often use imagination to conquer fears, deal with contradictory emotions, rationalize an irrational world, create a sense of control, try on different roles, and find meaning within their lives. This thesis draws on contributions from depth psychology, Jean Piaget's cognitive development model, and Erik Erikson 's model of psychosocial development. The primary forms of methodology used while gathering information on these topics were qualitative and hermeneutic modes of research.

This heuristic inquiry explores the relationship between the reincorporation phase of feminine midlife initiation and the Wild Woman archetype (Estés, 1992). Feminine midlife individuation is examined in cultural, depth psychological, and spiritual frameworks. Feminine tasks and attunements are identified as specific to the pivot point between the dissolution and reincorporation phases of midlife, termed revivification. The native language of the feminine orientation to time, relationships, and knowledge, is discussed. Through the mythic figure of La Loba, the Wild Woman archetype is explored as the carrier of instinctual knowledge. The apertures of access to this archetype arediscussed along with its associated potencies in relation to the feminine revivification phase of the midlife transformation. The practice of ritual as a mode of meeting and incorporating aspects of the Wild Woman archetype is illustrated by the author’s experience at midlife. Clinical applications of personal ritual and the incorporation of primal instinct are suggested.

In a hermeneutic study of social experience and depth psychological concepts, this thesis will answer the question: Why, in a culture so increasingly intent on creating more happiness, are we so painfully unhappy? Twenty-first century American culture outlines what it means to be happy by setting up social and political expectations for collective well-being. Technology, media, and other societal institutions evoke images of happiness as being the ultimate goal and promise to make it increasingly more accessible. With all of these advances, why then are we still unhappy? This thesis will explore the societal construct of happiness and prove that, as a culture, we have bought into the idea of superficial well-being as genuine happiness, ignoring our need for deep, soul-full joy in the process. This thesis will explore how we can discover joy and be true to the psyche without abandoning social progress.

Early traumas, whether developmental or shock traumas, affect the course, and quality of a person's life. Trauma research has shown that some people do heal from trauma, and when they do, their lives are transformed, often bringing gifts that are not readily available to people whose lives have been unmarred by difficulty. Unfortunately, people who experienced a threat-type of trauma, like child abuse, are less likely to experience this transformation, especially if their response involved dissociation. This paper explores the paths to healing traveled by people who experienced early trauma, and what gifts they receive from that process. A heuristic study of the awakening journey is provided. Five co-researchers were interviewed regarding their early woundings, their subsequent awakenings, and the gifts they received. The elements that are common in trauma therapies of finding a safe place, increasing sensory awareness, and moving slowly, were also important elements in the interviewees' life journeys. The greatest catalyst for transformation in the co-researchers' lives came through loss, or other heart-opening experiences. The gifts they received from their awakenings included a greater sense of appreciation of, and connection to, themselves, others, and life itself.

The goal of this thesis is to show how a shamanic approach to therapy - very different from both paleo-shamanism and neo-shamanism - can inform modern therapeutic practices. Modern-day shamanic therapy is internal, universal, experiential, open-ended, areligious, acultural, atheoretical, non-ceremonial, non-knowledge-based, and soulful. It is based on reweaving core beliefs with universal truths - or, as I phrase it throughout the thesis, connecting with Source through the Divine Feminine.
Like the shaman therapist and her client, my reader and I take a shamanic journey together. Along the way, we look at traditional beliefs about shamans and shamanism, note how the shaman therapist differs from early anthropological notions, explore the inner psycho-spiritual space, pinpoint some shamanic practices in contemporary therapy, identify a few shaman therapists, consider shamanism in allied fields, and, utilizing heuristic methodology, inquire into shamanic interventions I experienced in therapy. Ultimately our aim is to enlarge upon the definitions of paleo-shamanism, as described by early twentieth-century anthropologists, and neo-shamanism, as practiced by lay counselors and life coaches. We will take into account depth psychological principles undergirding shamanism itself. And, we will reclaim a new yet old belief system that offers clients psycho-spiritual healing.
Our conclusion: Shamanism, when understood, practiced and shared at its deepest, most profound level, is and has been a viable and effective therapeutic approach for millennia. Or, to say this shamanically, we will climb the World Tree to see what others have seen.

This thesis uses heuristic methodology to understand the dynamic of shame and how one develops a shame-based identity. The research reveals that shame can act as a defense against unwanted or intolerable feelings. In exploring the nature of shame as a defense, potential addictive qualities of this defense are identified. Self psychology and Donald Kalsched‟s theory of the self-care system are used to support the explanation that a shame-based identity may be employed as a defense mechanism against experiencing other painful emotions. A psychoanalytic perspective on addiction provides support for the idea that this shame defense can in fact take on addictive qualities. In this work, the author includes her personal process of confronting her shame as she writes this thesis to provide an example of how this shame defense may be brought into awareness and examined through psychotherapy.

This hermeneutic inquiry examines how intergenerational trauma is passed down through generations and considers the legacy such trauma leaves behind. Inspired by the author’s experience of inherited trauma, this thesis addresses the history and repercussions of World War II, imperialism, the effects of war in colonial Indonesia, and their psychological impact on the mixed race of the Dutch-Indonesian people, also known as the Indos. The negative effects evolving from the aftermath and atrocities of war and terror can result in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Research is reviewed that supports the diagnosis of intergenerational or multigenerational trauma and offers techniques for treatment. Depth psychological interventions are suggested to help integrate and overcome this particular form of vicarious trauma and restore wholeness to those who have suffered this wound to the soul. The method of storytelling as healing is illustrated with the inclusion of the author’s family’s myth told as a fairytale.

This thesis employs an artistic-creative methodology. The author wrote a dystopian sequel to A. A. Milne's children's story about the Hundred Acre Wood. The novella embodies some of the tragedies and wounds resulting from forced, industrialized precollegiate education. Adolescents in the story illustrate the problems of disconnection from nature, from self, from community, and most of all from the life force of curiosity. In addition to this reworked myth, the author constructed an argument, set out in the draft outline contained in Appendix B, for a return to the value of curiosity. This is an ongoing work arguing society has overvalued money, social and economic hierarchy, habit, and efficiency at the expense of honoring the life force inherent in the many aspects of curiosity. It serves the wrong gods in an attempt to educate the young.

This thesis explores alienation from one’s cultural and ethnic legacy and its ramifications for Chicanos, other ethnic groups, and biracial individuals. From a depth psychological perspective, the impact of loss of language and culture for individuals in these populations is investigated in relation to the development of psyche and the individuation process. Understanding of the unhealed wounds of loss of land, both physically and spiritually, has affected the Chicano psyche in relation to itself and the world. Seven themes are indentified and discussed regarding the cultural unconscious in order to provide for therapists a greater understanding of the psyches and cultural background of Chicanos and other ethnic groups. This information can assist therapists to be more culturally competent when working with these populations. The definitive purpose of the study is to learn how depth psychology can better serve this community and bring insight to what the soul is calling for.

This hermeneutic study highlights the complexities of legal, ethical, and treatment implications of Marriage and Family Therapists in the United States working with child survivors of abuse and trauma. Based on the available literature, this study gains most of its insight from research on female child victims of incestuous sexual abuse.

Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs) who work with children frequently encounter child clients whose physical or sexual abuse has impacted their psychological development. The psychological, sociological, legal, and ethical issues arising from child abuse or allegations of child abuse create a unique environment for the MFT and client in which selecting a therapist, choosing a treatment, confidentiality, the law, and mandated reporting all play a role in addressing the abuse. This study uses a survey of research into child abuse to discuss the attendant ethical considerations for treatment by a Marriage and Family Therapist using the American Psychological Association's //Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct// (2002) and the //Principles of Biomedical Ethics// (Beauchamp & Childress, 1983). Further, meta-ethical principles are identified for guiding ethical decision-making in dealing with issues that arise in the survivor's relationships with the therapist, the abuser, and other family members. A Jungian-oriented examination of childhood trauma is conducted to reveal indications for treatment of child trauma through use of a specific theoretical model. Finally, this study examines privileged communication, confidentiality, and mandated reporting laws that affect the Marriage and Family Therapist and client relationship when abuse has occurred.

The author explored the nature of the relationship between gender variance and mental health within the context of the individual and of culture. Through an action research approach, information was gathered about the treatment of gender variance therapeutically and politically in addition to the lived experience of gender variant individuals and their families. Gender variant persons suffer from higher levels of mental health problems than the population at large and simultaneously have greater difficulty accessing appropriate mental health services. Gender is both biologically and culturally derived. In working with these individuals therapeutically, the relationship between the client and his or her culture becomes one of the most important relationships in relation to the client's identity. Clinicians and society at large may benefit from the unique and valuable perspective gender variant persons have to offer if these at-risk individuals are given the support they need to lead functional and productive lives.

Using a hermeneutic methodology and intuitive inquiry, this thesis explores the question of what the rise in popularity of a folk saint called Santa Muerte may indicate about the Mexican and Mexican-American/Chicano cultural psyche. Implications for psychotherapy are also considered. Conclusions are drawn from the interplay of texts related to Santa Muerte, depth psychology, and liberation psychology. Santa Muerte is analyzed through the depth psychological concepts of symbol and cultural complex. The perspective of liberation psychology complements and enhances the discussion of Santa Muerte as serving multiple psychological needs. Conclusions and implications include a cultural psyche’s need to revere both death and the archetypal feminine as sacred, its movement toward transcending the binaries of a cultural complex, and the importance and utility of transitional symbols for a cultural psyche and individual in psychotherapy.

This thesis includes a hermeneutic review of somatic psychology and attachment theory literature to determine if there is any connection between the two fields of psychology. Somatic psychology attempts to incorporate the body into psychotherapy, including one’s bodily symptoms, sensations, feelings, thoughts, and energy, whereas attachment theory is predicated on a regulatory and feedback process in which a human’s internal appraisal system evaluates the environment and internal states, subsequently creating affects, feelings, and emotions. The literature review begins with somatic psychology, including an overview of contributing theorists, discussions of safety, and sociocultural issues. The literature review continues with attachment theory, including an overview of regulatory theory, attachment styles, the phases of loss, and detachment. This thesis reveals how using a somatic psychotherapeutic approach to treat insecure attachments, such as avoidant attachment styles, dissociation, or attachment disorders, can be an effective clinical intervention.

This thesis documents and discusses a woman’s journey and search for healing of the mother wound. It explores how the initial wounding activates a mother complex that can cripple women unless they seek to rework, restory, and re-mother themselves. This thesis serves as a bridge to the understanding of the feminine individuation process. In addition, an in-depth review of developmental psychology and depth psychology is considered to build the scaffolding and illuminate the process for the development of the ego and the midlife process of the search for the true Self.

This thesis will examine how the client-therapist relationship can be an essential step in the process of a woman’s journey to find wholeness and true relationship with herself and others. The incorporation of the author’s personal narrative regarding the mother-daughter wound presents a model of the individuation process from the perspective of feminine principles. Hypotheses about what facilitates healing in a therapeutic relationship are explored from a depth perspective. This thesis addresses the question of how one heals by using a heuristic research method.

A qualitative, heuristic approach is taken in exploring the evolution of the female author’s sexuality and identifying symptoms and ways of healing that are applied to the larger collective culture. This thesis challenges the general assumptions and norms that American society holds regarding human sexuality and attempts to bring awareness to individual and collective beliefs and behavior that are destructive, particularly to women’s lives and well-being. The author demonstrates that through education, counseling, support, and communication, both women and men can transform and heal an unhealthy relationship to sexuality. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding wounded sexuality, how it occurred, and how identifying negative thinking that continues to perpetuate abuse can indicate specifically where individuals and society need to heal.

Domestic violence is a pervasive and present problem in America, more so in ethnocultural populations. However, little is understood about the dynamics related to domestic violence in the Latino community. The limited research that exists indicates that the legal and mental health systems are uninformed about the cultural dynamics involved in the effects of domestic violence on Latino youth. Using phenomenological methodology this study surveyed twelve Latino youth, between the ages of ten and twenty-years-old, who have been exposed to domestic violence. Using grounded theory the results reveal that Latino youth are likely to develop emotional, behavioral, and cognitive challenges. Specifically, these children do not develop secure attachments, and become distrustful of others and their own ability to overcome psychological exigencies. The developmental impairments displayed by the Latino youth in this study were impacted by cultural factors such as poverty, alcoholism, and acculturation levels which were found to be prominent issues for the Latino community.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment fortrauma that has been approached primarily from cognitive-behavioral and neurobiological perspectives. This thesis explores the notion that much of EMDR’s effect in the way of transformation and healing trauma is due to its ability to provoke imagination. The possibility of EMDR’s connection with the imaginal faculty of the psyche is investigated with an emphasis on the qualities of EMDR that are grounded in depth psychology principles. Trauma and the importance of imagination in the healing process are discussed from the approach of the analytical and archetypal schools of psychology in addition to current bioscience perspectives. The research methodology used is alchemical hermeneutics, which facilitates the mining of unconscious material through transference dialogues. The thesis demonstrates that EMDR, when practiced within the context of depth psychology, is one avenue for activating significant, transformative imagery and accessing the unconscious to facilitate healing.

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a treatment for trauma that has been approached primarily from cognitive-behavioral and neurobiological perspectives. This thesis explores the notion that much of EMDR's effect in the way of transformation and healing trauma is due to its ability to provoke imagination. The possibility of EMDR's connection with the imaginal faculty of the psyche is investigated with an emphasis on the qualities of EMDR that are grounded in depth psychology principles. Trauma and the importance of imagination in the healing process are discussed from the approach of the analytical and archetypal schools of psychology in addition to current bioscience perspectives. The research methodology used is alchemical hermeneutics, which facilitates the mining of unconscious material through transference dialogues. The thesis demonstrates that EMDR, when practiced within the context of depth psychology, is one avenue for activating significant, transformative imagery and accessing the unconscious to facilitate healing.

Anorexia nervosa is a complex, perplexing, and highly individual illness. Recovery from anorexia is intricate, multi-layered, and personal. Many important aspects of the recovery process are underemphasized in the existing eating disorder literature. This production thesis employs heuristic and creative-artistic methodologies to explore these unseen yet inherent realities of recovery from anorexia. A review of the literature on anorexia nervosa reveals an abundance of information addressing the various elements of the disorder. It also exposes the paucity of accounts detailing the tremendous physical and emotional shifts that can occur during recovery. The literature centers on medical management of the client and theoretical therapeutic interventions. However, the results of this study indicate that attention needs to be directed toward the personal experience of the individual. The more the clinician and the client know about what to expect through the course of recovery, the better the chances for successful healing.

Drawn to the paradox of who one truly is, this thesis provides a theoretical inquiry and
asks, “What is the nature of authenticity?” A central hypothesis is that the inquiry itself
initiates a calling to whatever lives within us. A heuristic (Moustakas, 1995) and
phenomenological approach viewed through the lens of existential (Bugental, 1976; May,
1983) and depth psychologies (Jung, 1973; Hillman, 1975; Edinger, 1992) is employed
through a comparative analysis of five young men who are independently seeking an
authentic Self. These young men include four characters in the writings of Herman
Hesse: the resolute and unrelenting spiritual seeker Siddhartha (1972b); Emil Sinclair,
the soul-searching protagonist in the novel Demian (1979); Goldmund, the wandering
vagabond in the novel Narcissus and Goldmund (1975); and Anselm, the anguished
college professor in the short story Iris (1972b). The anecdotal autobiographical
experiences of the author are also included, as these five young men vow to experience
and live by their own truth, and each one embarks on a parallel journey, little knowing
how difficult this might be.

Humankind's relationship with the animal kingdom has been essential to our existence on the planet. As the first animal to be domesticated, dogs have been our helping and healing companions throughout history; they are now serving as powerful adjuncts to the healing process in counseling psychotherapy. This thesis explores the evolution of the human-animal bond with a specific emphasis on our canine companions. It examines the historical and cultural relationship of people and pets, and the history and scope of pet-assisted therapy. Ethical concerns and practical considerations are also addressed. The author utilizes heuristic and artistic-creative methodology in this production thesis, incorporating three fictional vignettes in which the author's dog plays an integral role in the therapeutic process. These vignettes are representative of the author's personal experience with her pet in private practice. They demonstrate the unique benefits of peta-ssisted therapy, and, specifically, the healing power of dogs in the therapeutic setting.

Adults often repeat aspects of childhood attachment wounds in other relationships, work experiences, and psychological and somatic symptoms. In this thesis hermeneutic research synthesizes attachment theory and Jungian concepts related to alchemy as a symbolic process of individuation. The author then provides heuristic research analyzing her process of resolving repetitive patterns stemming from attachment wounding in the context of alchemy and individuation. In alchemy the phase //circulatio// offers a metaphoric image that gives meaning to the painful echoes of earlier causal experiences. Circulatio, with its two stages of //sublimatio// and //coagulatio// provides clinicians with a framework to hold with clients who have childhood attachment wounds and suggests how through a cyclical process of ascension and descension one can attend to and heal the earlier wounding. The image of circulatio supports clinicians’ ability to access the therapeutic value in the persistent story, symptoms, and rhetoric that a client might present.

This thesis investigates challenges people endure post trauma when powerful trauma complexes and archetypal defenses have formed in the psyche. This work suggests that analytical and depth psychological approaches using the archetypal grid (the arrangement of figures representing complexes and archetypes) and the archetypal team (the relationships, dialogues, and interactions of the complexes and archetypes), which the author designed, during active imagination can help overcome these challenging complexes and archetypes. This paper is unique as the author has sought to mimic Carl Jung’s own technique described in The Red Book where Jung entered deep into the unconscious and encountered there a space populated with images he later called complexes and archetypes. This is pioneering as Jung’s work was only released in 2009.The research method used is heuristic with the author examining dreams and active imagination sessions using the archetypal grid and archetypal team and theories of complexes and archetypal defenses.

This production thesis is an exploration of active imagination techniques using seven personally evocative Edward Hopper paintings, as a therapeutic means of healing from writer’s block, a psychological condition that has limited the author’s creative output for the past 10 or more years. Utilizing a combination of artistic-creative and alchemical hermeneutic methodologies, the author describe his dialogues with these Hopper paintings, as well as the process of creating new works of short fiction in response to these dialogues. Jungian, depth, and archetypal psychology suggest that creative blocks are symptoms of psyche’s desire for healing, and that through the praxis of active imagination, we may find relief and help restore balance to our lives. It is the author’s hope that this thesis project contributes to the ongoing body of research surrounding this area and may help others struggling with similar creative challenges.

This thesis' premise is that western civilization's lack of myth has resulted in a collective inflation in which the extroverted and introverted worlds are one and the same. The result is an animated world in which projection runs rampant through the culture and becomes an unconscious extroverted expression of an introverted project. This paper, utilizing the hermeneutic method, examines how the lack of a myth causes an inwardly chaotic state. This state causes an abject fear of abandonment, both from the Jungian Self and from God, which in turn causes us to seek control over our own lives. The inner chaos Americans harbor as a culture resonates with such national tragedies as the assassination of John F. Kennedy, as well as the destruction of the World Trade Center. Our psychic response to this resonance is to create an externalized locus of control, rather than focusing on the actual problem. One psychological result of such externalized foci is the conspiracy theory, a psychological construct that shows the glimmerings of a modern myth.

When people are getting married they are most often in the honeymoon stage of their marriage. They promise to love and cherish each other, as long as they both shall live. Once the honeymoon stage fades away, difficulties and challenges accumulate progressively and the marriage often ends with divorce. Using a text-based hermeneutic methodology, this works explores how these difficulties and challenges are part of marriage and how they actually may be beneficial for the individual partners' and the relationship's growth. The author investigates, from a depth psychological perspective, the different marital stages and the nature of the projective processes they involve. By being aware and befriending marital stages from a depth psychological perspective, a couple may better understand the psychodynamic importance of a marital relationship, giving their commitment greater resiliency and deeper meaning. Marriage when lived consciously is one of the most intensive paths of individuation.

This thesis explores the meaning of home and the longing to belong from a psychological perspective. On investigating what it means to be at home in the world, the author connects the return home with a reconnection to Self and community and examines the original disconnection that Western culture perpetuates. Looking at the psychological and alchemical nature of quilt making, the author introduces quilt making as a medium through which to connect to the Self and community, demonstrating how incorporating both can lead to developing a sense of home. Using a qualitative approach, both artistic-creative and alchemical hermeneutic styles of research are used to explore home as an aspect of human experience, incorporating the author's dreams, images, and quilt making as material. In addition, the therapeutic aspects of quilting and its clinical applications are explored, looking specifically at quilt groups and their place in the psychotherapeutic setting.

Not everyone learns in the same way. Through heuristic research, this thesis analyzes the author's experiences as a student with ADHD, illustrating how an educational system can contribute to the development of an inferiority complex in a student with different learning needs. Utilizing existing literature on self-esteem and selfworth of students, it is shown that an inferiority complex is created by a culture of competition and comparison in the classroom setting, leading to anxiety, depression, and behavioral problems. Factors that may keep an individual with learning differences from quitting school or developing maladaptive behavior, such as the degree of practical and emotional support from adults and peers, are also explored. It is hoped that this thesis inspires individuals with similar learning experiences and contributes to clinicians' understanding of clients with similar backgrounds.

This thesis explores the possibility that approaching travel from a depth psychological perspective- be it outward travel from destination A to destination B or a psychological journey inward&mdash;can contribute to meaningful psychosocial transformation, improve one's life, and make one's life more meaningful as a traveler seeking a deeper experience of self. Utilizing a heuristic methodology, the author presents a memoir that shares personal travel experiences- work-related and for pleasure- and the awareness, insights, and personal transformation experienced. The literature review focuses on the aspects of depth psychology applicable during travel and journey: dream analysis, active imagination, and the concepts of initiation, archetype, metaphor, and synchronicity. The depth perspective helped to uncover, analyze, and integrate the author's experiences, resulting in psychosocial change toward a better understanding of himself.

The unconscious speaks to the individual through archetypes in the form of images and symbols. For growth and transformation to occur, the messages inherent in these images must be brought to and integrated into consciousness. This production thesis, through artistic-creative and heuristic methodologies, demonstrates the ability of the unconscious to represent change through images. Through the use of these signifying images, the client and the therapist amass greater insight as to the nature of growth and progress within the client. Theoretically, this thesis found its roots in depth psychology. From this perspective, the topics of ego development, the complex, the healing function of the psyche, archetypes, the unconscious, individuation, active imagination, and amplification were addressed. The creation and analysis of the images in this thesis showed the change in the relationship with the unconscious and subsequent shifting archetypal attitudes manifesting in the presence of psychological transformation.

This paper addresses the collective relationship to money against a backdrop of global transformation and the implications that such a change will manifest in the lives of psychotherapeutic patients. Although once a tool associated with the feminine attributes of abundance and interconnectivity, the recent manifestation of modern money is conceptual and autonomous as it is physically removed from actual interchange, indicating an increasing influence of masculine attributes. Money has evolved from a system that was designed to connect individuals to one that often attempts to inhibit as much interaction as possible. There is evidence to suggest that the system of money is in the throes of yet another evolutionary change. A review of the literature explores the history of money as a system of exchange and literature pertaining to the personal and collective psyche's relationship to money. Taking a hermeneutical and qualitative approach, this study examines the connection between the current international monetary system and increasing experiences of emotional isolation throughout American culture. The author's clinical work with adolescents and children in an affluent American community indicated that a collective assumption that money brings safety security and happiness can interfere with an individual's capacity to intimately connect with others. In many cases, the affluence of the community was directly implicated in the neurosis suffered by her patients and primarily related to failures of genuine emotional connection.
The subject of money deserves careful clinical attention at this time to illuminate rampant unconscious assumptions and to prepare therapeutic patients with the emotional tools needed to thrive in times of historical transformation. It is the responsibility of psychotherapists to address misconceptions about the role, purpose, and power of money in patients' lives and their own. The author proposes tenets of "healthy wealth" counseling for adolescents and their families affected negatively by their affluence. While focusing on the relational paradigm in the therapeutic dyad, including transference and countertransference issues, parental failures resulting in narcissistic wounding can be addressed, specifically the sense of deprivation that influences a patient's relationship to money. Potentially, this type of therapy will prepare adolescents and their families for healthy participation in and influence on an evolving postmodern economic system.

This production thesis uses artistic-creative methodology to examine the value and therapeutic growth derived from the process of answering personal callings of the soul as a vital part of individual development along the hero's journey. The personal life stories of notable figures in history, as well as fictional stories of hero characters in myths and legends, record a time when the call of a personal quest enters the psyche of the individual. This psychological phenomenon is exemplified by the biographical and autobiographical accounts of the call as it occurred in the lives of Carl Jung and Joseph Campbell and is explored in this work in the interest of expanding consciousness in individuals presented with similar challenges and opportunities as they engage in various stages of the personal quest emerging in their lives.

The heart of this production thesis is the author's own experience in answering a sudden and unknown personal calling to write a book. Embarking upon this difficult quest, the author was led through a long series of challenging and painful tasks, particularly in the synthesis of his experiences, education, and personal philosophy as it developed. The thesis employs a heuristic methodology in bridging the author's experiences to a newly formed understanding of the dynamics, interconnectedness, and value of each part of his journey.

This production thesis utilizes an artistic-creative and heuristic method to examine
the connection between birth practices in Western culture and the repressed dimension of
psychic experience called the feminine. Through exploring pre-patriarchal conceptions of
the feminine and elaborating features of lunar mythology that captivated early human
consciousness, a working definition of feminine is established. With this definition
serving as a compass, the author's memoir Birthing In The Moonlight: A Memoir
(Sargeant, 2009) describes a journey through the solar value system of America's
medicalized approach to childbirth. In the process, the author realizes the split-off
feminine of the primitive, lunar imagination living within her and, employing midwifery
practices, discovers mothering within the feminine. Through a depth perspective the
world is seen at a critical threshold regarding the re-integration of the feminine and it is
posited that transforming the experience of childbirth holds a key to the rebalancing and
health of the planet.

The emphasis in modern society on external beauty contributes to a lack of connection with soul in today's women. This study, which combines the use of hermeneutic and heuristic approaches, explores women's internal struggles in relationship to their physical beauty. This partly autobiographical thesis considers beauty both as an external, superficial concept and as an internal, deeper notion. As women embark on the journey from unconsciousness to consciousness with regard to their relationship with their own beauty, inner strength is crucial to their struggle with the social definition of beauty. When a woman begins to integrate the male principle, which Carl Jung called the animus , she moves toward achieving wholeness. I also present a discussion of how some women, particularly in later life, are able to lose their attachment to physical beauty, and begin journey toward a greater connectedness with soul.

This thesis inquires into the Buddhist concept of mindfulness and practice of
mindfulness meditation, the depth-oriented psychotherapeutic technique of active
imagination, and the art of writing poetry, and exposes each activity as a mindfulness
practice. It is argued that mindfulness is both the necessary quality of mind and the
foundation for all three practices to flourish and transform client and practitioner alike
toward greater awareness and health. Mindfulness is further offered as a psychological
approach that would help slow down the rush to find answers to the deep and mysterious
workings of our souls. The hermeneutic and artistic-creative methods of research are
employed to engage the concept of mindfulness from a theoretical, psychological, and
personal framework. Lastly, the author’s personal experience of writing poetry is offered
as a mindfulness practice, a process in active imagination, and a tool for deepening
therapeutic understanding.

For most of my adult life I've struggled to be myself. As a child I knew what my parents and their church expected from me, but I also knew that I was different. However, I created a persona based on who I thought I should be. Then while I was in college I began my coming out process to step out from behind the person I worked so hard to create and felt lost and alone. This process has continued for almost twenty years. It took a defenseless child to give me the reason to be more myself than I had ever been. And it took the creation of a presentation of comparing my life to a fairy tale to help me release the progress I have made and highlighted the work I have yet to do. The presentation documents part of my journey, utilizing a heuristic methodology, to be a good parent to my daughter and, in doing so, accept myself. The presentation was a pivotal point in my life of realizing that there had been and still are unconscious parts of myself that lay sleeping; sleeping like a princess in a castle's tower that were only just waking.

This thesis explores relational aggression within the context of the female gender. Relational aggression is addressed from an evolutionary, depth psychological, and research-oriented perspective. The question asked in this thesis is: Why do women participate in relational aggression against other women? This thesis uses hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies to excavate the feminine shadow. The author explores why women relationally aggress and examines the place of relational aggression within Western patriarchal society. Support for this work includes current research on relational aggression, exploration of objectification of the female gender, evolutionary theories, the depth psychological perspective, and personal thoughts.

This qualitative thesis uses a hermeneutic research methodology to explore the effect of using mindfulness to work with ADHD children. Mindfulness has been used to treat a wide variety of mental illnesses: it has also been used with children over the past several years quite extensively. Rarely, though, has mindfulness been used with ADHD children. Analysis of research involving mindfulness and children as well as research regarding ADHD will show that mindfulness is indeed a valid option in treating ADHD in children. At the heart of this thesis is a lesson plan that one could use to work with children with ADHD. The lesson plan is drawn from previous lessons plans incorporating mindfulness with children, and accommodations are made for children with ADHD. Using this lesson plan, one could help mitigate the symptoms of ADHD in children in a school or home setting.

This thesis is a heuristic psychological exploration, employing artistic-creative methodology, examining the nature, function, and meaning of one example of selfgenerated narrative fiction known as the personal myth. Using the author’s personal recollections and 40 years of photographic artwork as its data, the research deconstructs the individual motives and archetypal underpinnings of this nonrational but useful, identity-defining story. By providing an opportunity to examine the artifacts (images) implicated in the myth’s generation, the work allows readers to compare their own interpretations of the psychological states involved with those of the author, particularly in regard to the role both unconscious and apparently acausal events had in its generation and acceptance. The author employs multiple psychological viewpoints (Jungian, object relations, and family systems) in his analysis, plus perspectives from religious studies and neuroscience, with the goal of promoting consideration of whether that combination provides an adequate explanation for the manifestations discussed.

The process of individuation, whether experienced alone or within a couple's relationship, is a unique journey towards self-realization. Many pathways can be chosen for this inner journey. Although many art forms like writing and painting, or active imagination and dream work, can be professed to access a deeper level of the unconscious in a very personal way, the path of relationship can also be chosen to support that same process. By committing to walk one's path together with another person, supported by reflection, dialogue and shared inquiry, through the practice of awareness for the present moment and the deepening of intimacy in meeting the other person on a soul level, individuation of Self can take place.
The medium used to explore the potential for transformation and healing in couples' relationships in this thesis is Tango, a couple's dance, in its original Argentine version called Milonguero Style, the close-embrace form of dancing Tango. Through the author's use of heuristic research, of memoir, and by means of a proposed curriculum for a couple's workshop, this thesis demonstrates how Tango can be used as a therapeutic couple's counseling technique to support and further both the individual dance of self-discovery and the couple's dance of relating towards integration and transformation of both partners' beings, alone and together.

This production thesis presents a study of the experience of international adoption, which includes detachment from the original bond at birth, struggle with survival in a new land, and, ultimately, finding the self. Children of international adoption live through a great amount of change and adjustment in the process of survival before and throughout the process of adoption. The literature review explores issues of childhood development, trauma, and insecurity that have been linked to international adoptees. In My Turn: A Memoir, the author tells the remarkable story of finding herself in a constant internal struggle related to her identity. Her journey to self involved returning to live within her original Latin American culture and recovering the language of her birthplace. In her process, the author becomes awareness of feelings of emptiness and confusion while she was growing in a new world she called home.

Assault, harassment, and abuse directed toward females and perpetrated by males has become an epidemic in the United States. Research shows that this behavior is influenced by a historical and patriarchal system of male authority, creating an unequal opportunity and safety structure for women in the United States. As a result, women in the United States have been conditioned to employ precautionary measures, both conscious and unconscious, in daily routines to avoid male-perpetrated harassment and the shame and blaming accusations that often follow. This thesis, through heuristic and hermeneutic research, queries the historical lineage of a male-dominated social structure, the behavioral implications that such a structure has for women, and the potential for change. A narrative of the author’s personal behavioral decisions, both conscious and unconscious, with regard to a generalized fear of male-perpetrated assaults is steeped in the depth psychological tradition and offers additional insight to the discussion.

This thesis explores the idea that there are various threads that make up what
amounts to a tapestry of childhood trauma and that part of the path of individuation may
be to look first at the full tapestry, then go through a process of undoing the strands and
exploring each piece. Again, in order to do this one must start with the full broad picture
of one’s life and then examine various experiences which are represented by the different
strands within the larger tapestry. Using a heuristic research methodology, the paper
examines the nature of childhood trauma from the theoretical framework of depth
psychology as well as the perspective of self-psychology. The unique impact of trauma
on the life of the child is discussed. Using the form of a memoir, this thesis recounts the
author’s personal life experiences. He then grounds the various theoretical orientations
with pertinent literature. The thesis explores how and why experiences such as incest and
neglect have long-ranging effects on the individual.

A common thread in all collecting is the positive, creative dimension of the activity, which allows for self-discovery and development through self-expression. This thesis utilizing hermeneutical research methodology explores the practices and stories of collectors in modern Western culture as viewed through the lens of Jungian analytical and archetypal psychology. How collecting facilitates psychological growth for the collector, and the potential role of the psychotherapist in that growth, is one of the organizing themes. To achieve a whole and balanced self, one must journey with one's shadow. One of the ways of doing so is through active imagination. Thus, psychological aspects of collecting are reviewed and the language of archetypal psychology is applied to this widely practiced human activity. The focus is on the process of collecting-why and how people engage in collecting-rather than the contents and types of collections themselves: This is important for the purposes of psychotherapy because clients who talk about their collections reveal, to themselves and their therapists, aspects of psyche and details of their unique journey. In this way, collecting both facilitates and expresses the individuation process.

This thesis explores the experience of contemporary Western women at midlife as a combination of variables that reflect the antiquated, social construct of male oriented developmental models, multiple and often conflicting social roles, the loss of youthful outer appearance, menopause, the unconscious feminine, and well-being. The investigation indicates that at midlife Western women experience a confluence of developmental, psychological, and physiological changes that influence them throughout the midlife journey, one of the most challenging phases in a woman's life. There are implications that there is a shift in consciousness for many Western women today as more women are renegotiating the societal idea of aging and discovering well-being for the second half of life.

This thesis uses a qualitative research approach. A hermeneutic methodology, looking at psychological theory, is the central investigative tool used.

Body dysmorphic (BDD), muscle dysmorphic (MD), and eating disorders have long been seen as female pathologies. The misperception that men are not as affected by body image issues raises the question: Why have BDD and MD in males been under diagnosed in American society? Using a hermeneutic methodology, this thesis explores the issues behind the under diagnosis ofBDD and MD in men in hopes of bringing awareness, understanding, and future research to these disorders. The study examines the history of these disorders, their psychological components, social and cultural influences, correlated disorders, and existing treatments. Ways in which a depth psychological perspective could contribute to the understanding and treatment of BDD and MD in men is explored. The findings suggest many men in American society hide their symptoms in order to maintain a masculine persona and indicate the relevance of depth psychology in addressing the unconscious and collective issues involved.

This thesis explores the hypothesis that the human mind perceives and receives
information beyond its physical body. Imagination, synchronicity, and intuition are
researched as examples of a psychic reality, while Jung’s concept of the collective
unconscious and research in quantum physics are hypothesized as a means through which
psychic phenomena occurs. Utilizing a hermeneutic research method, the psychic dreams
of C. G. Jung are explored with an emphasis on the therapist and client relationship.
Freud, Jung, and their relationship to psychic experience are explored with argument that
both Jung and Freud believed in the validity of psychic phenomena. Research is provided
which argues for C. G. Jung as both scientist and mystic. If the hypothesis that the mind
can receive information outside of its physical body as evidenced by psychic phenomena,
intuitions, and images is correct, this must widen the lens of focus in psychology’s
currents views, thus expanding the field of psychology.

Understanding the lifelong impact of grief and exploring meaning within this journey is the focus of this thesis, which utilized both hermeneutic and heuristic methodology. The literature review reveals how depth psychology informs the grieving process and leads to transformation. The transformational process inherent within the grief experience, as illustrated by the author’s personal experience, can seem like a path of fire: as the heat turns up, adjustment can be slow and often excruciating. A depth perspective offers clarity through metaphor and symbolism and provides an unconscious presence to guide this process more deeply and completely. The stages of alchemy, described in depth psychology as the art of transformation, present a metaphor for integrating a tragic loss. Within the container that depth psychology provides, a healing can occur through confronting the pain and suffering of loss with acceptance and gratitude; thus, a greater connection with one’s self is birthed.

The development of the self begins in infancy and is a lifelong process of transformation and re-evaluation. Influences and expectations skew the actualization of the True Self and influence the formation of a False Self. At times, the imbalance of these entities creates discomfort and neurosis. Talented children, often at the mercy of their intuition, adhere to expected roles as a survival tactic to insure love and care, and they commonly experience this imbalance. Utilizing heuristic and artistic-creative methodology, this thesis considers the research of psychoanalysts, the author's personal journey, and the creative healing process to explore self-development. The literature review attends to the concepts of the True and False Selves, neurosis, narcissistic rage, transference, and transformation through psychotherapy. The concept that healing can occur with unconditional love is approached with empirical research and then expressed in the production aspect of the thesis, the author's original song "I'll Stay."

In this production thesis, the author takes a heuristic approach in exploring the issues that as a 2nd-generation South Asian Muslim-American woman she has experienced while living in a Western society. Based on Carl G. Jung's theory of individuation, the author examines in depth her projections, and aspects of her psychological history involving shadow, ego, and Self. The production portion of the thesis was created during her graduate training in depth psychology and is represented by a memoir and art work. The author concludes that in her own individuation process, listening to her inner voice is more important than complying with cultural values, societal expectations, religious tenets, and family-of-origin values. The thesis has value for therapists counseling Pakistani-Americans and for understanding the process of individuation, in general.

Anorexia is a complex disease prevalent among young women and adolescent girls. Currently, the strong emphasis on a rigid thinness and idolized weight, by Western culture and the media, can have a negative influence on these highly impressionable young women. Utilizing artistic-creative methodology, this production thesis is a cultural intervention aimed at providing profound insight into a highly complex disease. Imagery is a way of speaking symbolically while simultaneously accessing unconscious thoughts and feelings. Experiential activities such as altar creation can be therapeutically effective with uncommunicative adolescent girls and young women who are completely disconnected from their bodies. A depth perspective of anorexia is presented through the literature review which explores the complexities of the maternal relationship, the fear of womanhood and feminine principles, and the use of the body as an avenue of expression. The author's original creation of an altar is presented and discussed. Through this experiential activity, she came to understand that this altar tells a story her anorexic journey from a past filled with sorrow and ugly, shameful personality traits, through the doors of transformation, and into the light of recovery.

This research explores the effect of a new role-play tool, Therapeutic Table Role-play Intervention (TTRI), in the living environment and examines the potential therapeutic usefulness for young adults and adolescents. The tool is explored from an archetypal orientation and its applicability for other theoretical orientations was also considered. An artistic-creative approach is employed and responses from five adult participants were analyzed for themes. TTRI combines group work, play therapy, and therapeutic role-play under one intervention, using the imaginal realm to explore the participants' experiences. Analysis of participant responses suggests that TTRI is functional and useful with therapeutic groups. The results also indicate that TTRI may allow for the exploration of conscious and unconscious factors of behaviors and thought process.

The topics of soul and money have become distinctly separate in modern-day American culture, and yet historically, they were intended to be related. This hermeneutic inquiry explores the symbiotic relationship that exists between money and soul and illuminates why confronting the effects of money on human beings’ lower and higher natures is a psychological imperative. Attitudes toward money often symbolize deeper aspects of the unconscious. As with marriage and other soteriological pathways to the Self, exploring the meaning of money in one’s life can advance the individuation process. Choosing to confront this taboo yet relevant topic spurs conscious consideration of the shadow and an examination of the intricate web of one’s money complex, thereby providing the opportunity for growth and the connection to one’s inner being, the higher Self. From a depth psychological perspective, the author discusses related research and provides a memoir of her relationship to money.

Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) are the newest craze in the world of video games. This thesis will investigate the addictive potential of MMORPGs and the negative consequences associated with it, as well as whether or not this potential negates any positive effects of MMORPG use. This thesis will also consider how MMORPGs can be used in a healing or transformative capacity by those who are not addicted, and how MMORPGs are for many people a modern, collective, digital fairy tale. Utilizing a hermeneutic methodology, the author uses research and journal articles from a variety of unbiased sources to identify what causes addiction and what causes healing within MMORPGs. The aim of this thesis is to study the potential for both positive and negative effects from the game and how these effects can be utilized by those playing and those working in a therapeutic setting with MMORPG players.

Recognizing that human beings are multi-leveled, containing realms within realms, this thesis posits that the internal alignments of a depth psychotherapist must also operate on multiple levels to respond fully to the spectrum of suffering and healing. This odyssey toward a multi-leveled, four realms alignment that this author has developed unfolds from a base of mindful awareness (mindfulness); shape shifts into the role of mentor in helping clients encounter core wounds that can reveal potential blessings (mentoring); becomes a witness to a patient's guiding myths and interfaces with the treasure house of universal myths (myth); and finally catalyzes a harvest of meaning and purpose for the therapist's patients (meaning).
The four realms alignment draws on the diverse fields of mindfulness meditation and its application in fields of stress management, anxiety reduction, and trauma healing; mentoring and the relationship between therapist and patient as a radiant field of potential transformation; narrative approaches to story and finding the essential myth in a life; and the uncovering of life meaning and purpose as found in the works of Viktor Frank'. This alignment honors the journey of inner healing as an oscillation between the personal and the universal. In each of the four realms, the function of the healer shifts and expands: from meditation instructor, to mentor in the face of wounds, to co-discoverer of myths, to existential coach.
Following the introduction of the mindfulness, mentoring, myth, and meaning alignment, a literature review considers each of the four realms as they have appeared in ancient to modem applications. Next, four chapters of a mythic novel depict a hero's journey into the four realms. Presenting applications of the four realms, composites of cases from the author's group work with adolescents are offered in the conclusion, and appendices include a literary analysis, a brief memoir of family therapy, and a guided meditation.

This thesis examines the impact of music on people from a depth-psychological perspective and explores how music can deeply touch and change clients’ lives and allow for healing. In so doing, this thesis will contribute to increased understanding of the need for music therapeutically. Utilizing qualitative methodology and a hermeneutic approach, this thesis considers the significant impact of music on the body, brain, mind, spirituality, and emotions, and examines how music can be used as a healing power. The research question guiding this thesis is: How can music be used in a client’s therapeutic process to allow for the needed healing? The results explain what music therapy is and how it is used therapeutically, and how it promotes healing while bringing a greater understanding and appreciation for music therapy.

Mythic narrative has always brought people together, aided in explaining existential dilemmas, acted as mirror to intrapsychic processes, and helped to move consciousness forward through time. Employing hermeneutic methodology, this thesis is supported by literature pertaining to the collective unconscious and its manifestations, the functions of myth within society, and the concept of film as a new mythic medium for meeting the unconscious needs of a given population by mirroring psychological elements, encouraging healthy projection and alignment, and pointing toward potential within the future. The hero‟s journey is explored in the film version of The Lord of the Rings trilogy; this ancient storyline is reenvisioned to offer relevant and timely guidance. Tracking the mythic themes within film not only reveals the psychological climate of its audience, but also can assess for possible directions of growth and further integration both on a personal and global level.

The present study uses heuristic research methods to demonstrate the efficacy of dream sharing to improve client-therapist and client-other relationships among adolescent clinical populations. Chapter two features a review of the available literature and traces some of the origins of modern American parenting and creates a sketch of both today's American family and adolescent. The resultant implications for developing a viable clinical relationship with such teens is then discussed, followed by a summary of current techniques used to establish such relationships. Chapter three presents four composite cases based on the authors experience conducting dream-based therapy with adolescents in an in-patient setting. Each case illustrates improved client-other relationships in four different realms: client-therapist, client-family, client-peer, and client-self respectively. Chapter four provides a summary and offers suggestions for future research based on the present findings.

The phenomenon of the post-modern rave experience and its parallels to ancient
Eastern traditions and practices are presented in this artistic-creative production thesis. A
heuristic method examines the spiritual, religious, and transformative aspects of rave
culture. Through exploring pre-patriarchal conceptions of love, sexuality, and the pursuit
of ecstasy a connection between the rave experience and the honoring of the divine
feminine is established. The author‘s memoir Learning to Fly: A Memoir (Sherk, 2010)
describes a transcendent journey of love, loss, death, and rebirth through the lens of
Campbell‘s (2008) hero‘s journey. In the process, the author realizes the repressed
feminine aspects living within her and, through her own pursuit of ecstasy—both within
rave culture and beyond—experiences transcendence of traditional Western patriarchal
conceptions of love and sexuality. Further, it is posited that the balancing of both the
masculine and the feminine is essential in the quest for healing.

This thesis uses the mythological story of the Hero's Journey to illuminate the journey one takes to step out of being wounded, find the healer within, and become a healer. Being heuristic nature, you will are invited on my journey to learn by my trials.
As therapists, we are committed to assisting our clients to the best of our ability, and to do this we need to make sure that our wounds are cleaned out and attended to. We are much like the shamans of the past; like they, we should not be afraid to show our healed wounds as badges of honor.
To see myth in our lives as well as the lives of those around us will help us not only to connect to the past but also to connect to a deeper consciousness.
Why weave myth into our modern world? Why do we seek a deeper knowing and connection? We are living in a time when we are one of the most multi-tasking societies ever known. We connect by using laptops, cell phones, and instant messaging but what are we connecting to?
I yearn for a world where myth keeps the fire of connection burning from within us and keeps fable and stories alive, to be passed down from generation to generation. I believe that this world is right around the corner and that we are already moving toward a deeper connection with one another.

Two of the great forces in psyche are known as the masculine principle and the feminine principle. These energies are meant to work in harmony; however, as a result of collective and individual ego development, the feminine principle is often scapegoated, cast into the collective and personal shadow, and the masculine principle becomes overly dominant. Through traditional and alchemical hermeneutics as well as heuristic methodology, this thesis explores how the dissonance between the feminine and masculine principles adversely affects women and traps them in a pattern of victimization, persecution, and caretaking. This work demonstrates how, through the differentiation of shadow material and the development of a healthy animus, there is potential to heal the destructive animus and scapegoated feminine. Through this soul work, a woman's internal feminine and masculine energies can be restored to a balanced, harmonious state and a renewed sense of wholeness can be attained.

This thesis examines, using a heuristic and personal approach, the healing
qualities inherent in the companionship relationship between dogs and humans. The bond
has been shown to have certain health benefits for people. It lowers blood pressure and
positively affects the rehabilitation time after a heart attack, for example. Furthermore,
dogs provide consistency in a person’s life and caring for a dog encourages the owner to
engage in regular exercise and to increase their socialization. Dogs teach people about
unconditional love, non-judgmental acceptance, and tolerance. Having a companion dog
fosters intimacy and closeness that provides feelings of safety, comfort, and closeness.
Autistic children, especially, have been shown to benefit from contact with dogs.
Specifically, they become more attentive and communicative and demonstrate a decrease
in socially undesirable behaviors. My personal experience serves to highlight the positive
effects that dogs have on an individual physically, psychologically, and soulfully.

The use of creative expression can facilitate and reflect change in an individual’s personality structure as the conscious attitude of an individual transitions from societal or familial expectations towards authentic expression. Utilizing alchemical hermeneutic methodology, the author provides a first-hand account of embracing her feeling function and experience of eros. The author bases her findings on the theoretical model of analytical depth psychology, founded by Carl G. Jung and further developed by Edward Edinger, James Hillman, and Marion Woodman. The heuristic evidence demonstrates that images represent psychological processes and that psyche through creation of image can lead an individual through distress to transformation.

The concepts of psychological individuation according to Carl Jung and of redemption according to Jewish traditions have significant similarities. Although both represent wholeness and completion, both processes are actually understood to take place gradually, by degree. Likewise, both involve transformation of shadow material rather than eradication. Both can be symbolized by the union of opposites, the coniunctio, as well as by birth. Both revolve around encounters with the numinous and require integrating these experiences into conscious life. According to legend there are ten epic songs that celebrate such divine encounters in the collective experience of the Jewish people-pivotal moments in the individuation process of the collective psyche. Nine of these songs appear within the canonized scriptures. The tenth and final song is yet to be sung. This legend of the tenth song provides powerful symbols for religious practice and ritual. It can also lend its power to psychotherapeutic practice, particularly in the context of individuation. In this thesis I will examine some of the symbols and insights carried by the ten songs, whether explicitly or implicitly, individually or as a whole, and explore a bit of their possible psychological significance. Together with this I am presenting a collection of my own songs, written during the past few years while studying at Pacifica. These songs also relate to exile, redemption, healing, divine revelation, transformation, and coniunctio. My goal is to use hermeneutical methods to weave my love for music together with my Jewish faith and my desire to contribute to the well being of the collective psyche through the practice of psychotherapy.

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This thesis looks at the developmental implications of a daughter's experience with her narcissistic father. Through the lens of self psychology and the projection process of Jungian dream work, the daughter's self structure is examined and explained. The contention is examined that poor feminine containment due to poor mirroring can lead to an overburdened self structure, and an unconscious rejection of internal femininity, which may result in poor male-female relationships later.
This thesis will look at four dreams from distinct developmental periods to show how overwhelming feelings can leave a woman with the impression that her options are already fated when disavowed parts of the self are uncontained, unrecognized, and go un-mirrored in early life. By utilizing self psychology mirroring techniques in the dream, a woman may begin to engage, contain, and attend to these ignored energies while actively encouraging the withdrawal of projections in the dream. This can create a life-affirming shift in the dreamer, the dream narrative, and finally in waking life. This thesis will explore the heuristic and phenomenological implications of the mirroring process for the dreamer, which can help women as a group to identify and engage a more fluid and human definition of femininity. This enables all women to experience their birthright as the transcendent qualities of an integrated Self in the dream realm begin to emerge and are slowly realized and expressed.

<<<
What could it be, to lead a dream-centered life?
Aizenstat, 2006
<<<
This introduction by Pacifica Graduate Institute founding president and architect of //DreamTending//, Stephen Aizenstat, summarized my midlife angst and posed the defining question of my late adulthood vocation. Set against the backdrop of a frenetically extraverted 21st-Century Western culture that rewards the linear, external realm of Logos at the expense of Eros, even to ask this question is to advocate on behalf of a vital, severely endangered species: dream. This thesis is in response to that call, which echoed the charge I had received a few years prior in the dramatic, first dream-time appearance of a fierce feminine guide, White-Owl Woman. Explored hermeneutically are three expressions of the unconscious psyche, the soul as mapped by Carl Jung: the images in dream, the numinous felt-experience of inner and outer worlds aligned through synchronicity, and the symbolic language of body symptom. The focus is a decade-long transformation that involved first a grounding in the sacred space of home; then, inexorable promptings of vocation; and finally, culmination in a depth, a dream-centered, response to the challenge of serious illness, in this case cancer. The role of the depth psychotherapist is a crucial context throughout.

This thesis compares and contrasts Martin Buber's Genuine Dialogue with the internal dialogue found in Carl Jung's Active Imagination. The purpose of the endeavor is to develop a richer language for the Depth Psychologist wishing to help clients better understand the stance one takes when entering into the process of Active Imagination. The thesis begins with a question: "Is the internal dialogue found in Active Imagination what Buber would consider to be an I-thou moment?" Through the process of answering this question, a fuller and more vivid language is found to describe how to dialogue with symbols in Active Imagination.
The thesis is presented in two parts. The first part is the production itself, consisting of 28 photographs documenting the evolution of a painting created during my Active Imagination experience, using Robert Johnson's four-step approach. The second part is a theoretical counterpart that aids in deepening the understanding of Jung's Active Imagination and Buber's Dialogical Principle.
The methodology of this production thesis employs heuristic research. An attempt is made to qualitatively depict the heart and depth of my experience and use this information as my basis for understanding whether or not elements present in Genuine Dialogue are also present in dialogue with symbols. Though this inquiry matters to me personally and is autobiographical in nature its subject has a universal, and social significance. Drawing on my personal experience leads to larger questions important to many people. For example where is God to be found? Is God a manifestation of the psyche or is God found between persons engaged in Genuine Dialogue?
As a result of this exploration, it becomes clear that Active Imagination's internal dialogue is not an I-thou meeting as Buber intended the term. Aspects of the primary elements in Genuine Dialogue that can be found in Active Imagination are Meeting, Turning, Inclusion, and Responsibility. The Between is not present in Active Imagination.
As conclusions are drawn that Active Imagination dialogue with symbol is not an I-thou meeting, a deeper understanding of the Dialogical Principle is made allowing for a more descriptive language of how to enter into Active Imagination. Further discussion is encouraged and questions are raised about how one experiences moments of God and moments of being fully, wholly, human.

This production thesis utilizes heuristic methodology to explore the modern practice of an ancient form of art and expression: tattoo. Although tattooing has been around for thousands of years, it remains a culturally significant phenomenon in a great variety of cultures today and is practiced for many reasons. The growing popularity of tattooing in recent years requires research aimed at gaining a better understanding of the motivational aspects of this body modification practice. In this thesis, an abbreviated review of the literature concerning the underlying motivations for obtaining tattoos is presented. The production piece, a DVD movie, chronicles the author's own experience of acquiring a tattoo. Through the use of images, words, and music, this heuristic study aims to establish a unique understanding of the depth psychological significance of tattooing as the ritual relates to relevant depth psychology concepts, theories, and provides an initiatory experience as a rite of passage.

Whereas mainstream psychology perceives addiction principally as a disease of the brain, depth psychology identifies addiction as an inner psychic process, a call for uniting soul and ego. Using qualitative, hermeneutic research methodology, this thesis uses the writings of Carl G. Jung and of neo-Jungians to delve into the understanding of addiction as a psychic phenomenon. Particular attention is placed on the collective unconscious and its archetypal content. Using the Bible and the story of Exodus as a blueprint, the study suggests a path for recovery: a transmutation of the psyche from enslavement to freedom. This work also explores the possible connection between addiction behavior and behavioral traits of the community, and posits that addiction is an individual as well as a societal issue, and that sustainable recovery may be achieved by reuniting the psyche with the divine.

This thesis reviews C.G. Jung's psychological understanding of the Christian myth, and explores the theory that the crucifixion event is a symbol for the process of individuation. This theoretical work uses a hermeneutic method of inquiry that considers the relationship between diverse viewpoints. Through a survey of contributions from depth psychology, this thesis considers how a critical examination of foundational theories and predominant myths can influence theory and practice. This work includes perspectives from the newly emerging fields of liberation theology and liberation psychology, and imagines how a perspective of liberation can enhance the depth psychological approach to psychotherapy, suffering, and healing.

This thesis establishes a conceptual framework for combining Violet Oaklander’s model of  Gestalt sandtray play therapy and equine-assisted mental health in a proposed  equine-assisted sandtray therapy intervention for adolescent girls with emotional and  behavioral problems. A review of the history and theory of both modalities draws on the  works of innovators and leaders in these therapeutic fields. Heuristic and artistic-creative  methodologies are employed to explore the effectiveness of the human animal bond in meeting  the distinct needs of children. The author’s experience of healing and individuation via  equine-assisted therapy provides validation of the effectiveness of the modality. The  proposed model of equine-assisted therapy incorporating sandtray therapy principles is  demonstrated using Oaklander’s technique of projection in the author’s real-life creation  of a sandtray scenario in a round pen, with an equine asco-facilitator providing an imaginal  narrative of the process of a sand tray session.

This thesis is based on the premise that there is an epidemic of relationship fusion between individuals that is based upon trauma and exploitation. Human beings not only attach to positive self-objects in their lives, but to dangerous ones as well. People that are in life-threatening relationships or those based on long-term abuse are often unable to break free due to this pathological attachment. Often one's identity becomes based on this dysfunctional relationship and the thought of breaking free is terrifying. Staying in the relationship leads to almost inevitable destruction of the self. The clinical aspects of this attachment and the dynamics of traumatic bonding are explored. Shame is discussed as a factor that increases fusion in traumatically bonded relationships.
Based on the dynamics of trauma bonding, a clinical 12-week group therapy protocol is presented for assisting a victim in breaking free, rebuilding a connection to self, and setting out on the path to individuation.
Finally, this thesis explains the depth psychological aspects of betrayal and how to reframe traumatic bonding as a catalyst for change. The Pied Piper of Hamelin and the Christian mythological tradition of crucifixion and resurrection are presented as examples of betrayal leading to individuation.

Thesis Abstracts

Clinical terminology and definitions regarding trauma, retraumatization, and their residual symptoms are numerous and sometimes conflictual. This thesis uses a heuristic and hermeneutic methodology to explore the author’s experiences of what he has termed traumatic reactivation, due to the inconsistency and inaccuracy of the available clinical terminology. These traumatic reactivations are examined through various psychological lenses. The techniques of association and amplification are used regarding the experiences to identify archetypal dynamics that may have been present. The experience of traumatic reactivation is also explored with C. G. Jung’s theory of psychological types, as well as with specific connections between psyche and soma. The thesis eventually posits that these experiences, although initially shocking and overwhelming, have a purposive function and are in the service of healing, rather than a destructive reexperiencing of traumatic material.

In this thesis, I undertake a personal exploration of the unconscious by utilizing depth psychological therapeutic skills. In order to contain my exploration of the unconscious, I focus on understanding the psychological significance of the archetypal symbol of the witch. This archetypal image provided me with the curiosity that is a necessary element of heuristic inquiry, the methodology deployed in this thesis.

I use therapeutic tools such as Active Imagination, Dreamwork, Myths, and Process Work to apprehend and appreciate the metaphors and symbols that the witch image represents. This personal journey includes images, artwork, dreams, dialogues, myths, and thoughts that represent hidden parts of myself. Because history and psychology are closely related, I describe the history that eventually led to the trials and burning of individuals who were accused of being witches. From a depth psychological perspective, I discuss various interpretations of this inner figure, focusing on how trauma affects one's inner world.
This thesis project provided a window into a healing process inherent in the psyche of humankind. What I uncovered was my own deep core wounding, which I purport is also an insidious cultural psychological trauma residing in the collective unconscious of both men and women.
* The electronic copy of this thesis is on a single disc containing a single PDF file which can be opened with adobe Acrobat Reader.

The primary intention of this production thesis is to broaden the psychological
community’s awareness of the tattoo as archetypal within Western society. This heuristic
and phenomenological research concentrates on the psychological, social and spiritual
significance of contemporary tattoo as revealed in eleven participant narratives. Tattoo
imagery is approached within depth psychology and aspires to dissuade the clinical bias,
which discards tattoos as exclusive indicators for high-risk behavior and/or pathology.
This stigma is challenged to spark empathetic curiosity concerning stories enfleshed upon
tattooed clients psychotherapists serve. The tattoo phenomenon is portrayed as an
archetypal happening of spiritual import, a cultural symptom pointing towards a
paradigm shift in the evolution of human consciousness. Here the body is canvas, a holy
cathedral and tattoos are mythological adornments, eternal images painted beneath the
skin's temporal surface. As such, the tattoo is individually and culturally meaningful as
expressed through the language of our souls.

Considerable research has been published concerning the benefits for clients and clinicians derived from working with therapy dogs in the consulting room. Little research focus has been placed on the therapist’s personal transformation during the training of a canine companion for pet therapy certification. Using both alchemical hermeneutical and heuristic methodologies, this thesis focuses on the author’s personal growth while training her Standard Poodle for certification over the course of a year, with the goal of eventually practicing together as cotherapists. A review of literature from the areas of depth psychology and Animal Assisted Therapy supports the author’s perspective on the training process by exploring themes relating the human-dog bond to mythology and attachment theories. The thesis also discusses the challenge of letting go of perfectionist behavior, in exchange for imperfect, but good enough, dog-handling skills.

This thesis uses hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies to explore the archetypal image of the tent, excavating the relationship between domestic environments and the psyche. Tensile structures are amplified on historical, cultural, and imaginal levels, illuminated by archetypal and transpersonal psychologies. Heuristic research activates the tent as a womb matrix, providing a depth-psychological analysis of its relationship to psyche and presenting a path of recovery from sexual trauma. The author demonstrates the therapeutic use of constructed environments in her personal process and her clinical practice. The image of the tent serves as the prototype for designing intimate places to optimally support the occupants. Form is shown to reflect soul when beauty is tended, honoring transcendence in mundane contexts. The use of constructed environments as a return to feminine holding is highlighted from the perspectives of depth psychology, architecture, goddess mythology, and the artistic and clinical observations of the author.

The puer aeternus archetype is often associated with men who retain a youthful disposition and set of interests into middle age. Frequently their carefree and spirited appearance belies an estrangement from themselves manifesting in myriad neurotic symptoms. To identify with the archetype means to live in conflict with what Buddhist psychology defines as anicca or impermanence: the fact that conditions are constantly changing. Utilizing hermeneutic methodology, this thesis explores the puer aeternus archetype through the lens of Buddhist teachings. Chapter II is a review of Jung's and others' ideas about the archetype's origins, its neurotic manifestations as well as its more desirable attributes. This chapter briefly synthesizes Buddhist principles according to a number of Western practitioners and addresses their function in the clinical treatment of puer identification. In Chapter III the author's personal experience of recognizing his identification with the archetype is explored using artistic-creative methodology.

Human beings have a long history of working directly with both personal and collective unconscious content in the pursuit of inner wholeness. Throughout time and across cultures, people have engaged in journeys of self-expanse and furthered connection. Synthesizing modern consciousness studies and cognitive science and acknowledging the lineages of transformative integration of the voices of nature, psyche, and cosmos, this thesis uses methodological approaches of hermeneutic and intuitive inquiry to explore the potential of expanding upon a Western, scientific worldview in order to heal deeply. Non-ordinary states of consciousness brought about by hypnagogia, dream, meditative states, and hallucinogen use have been accessed for centuries in integrating the unconscious with the conscious. Within the support of the collective unconscious and the unique language of psyche, a broader, more connected sense of being may be cultivated to decrease the inevitable discord that occurs when we live in isolation of our totality.

Using heuristic methodology, this thesis explores the concept that mental, physical and spiritual suffering is a catalyst for change and transformation. Facing suffering is offered as a means of attaining the psyche‟s ultimate goal of individuation. In a culture that tends to avoid suffering at all costs, the challenge is to look at suffering as a gift from a higher Source—a manifestation of something larger than humans‟ finite minds can grasp. This thesis further assumes that by avoiding suffering, one remains psychologically and spiritually stagnant. Suffering is examined as the soul‟s calling out from its innate longing for growth and individuation. This thesis explores the psychological and spiritual components and dynamics of suffering from a transpersonal perspective. Rather than presenting material specific to traditional or classical psychology, data and discussion is based mainly in depth psychology and presents the example of the authors‟ experience of transformation through suffering.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text revision) (DSM-IV-TR) published by the American Psychiatric Association serves as a comprehensive reference guide to the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness in the United States. Among those who refer to the DSM-IV-TR are those in direct relationship with clients: however, some aspects of the counseling relationship fall outside the realm of identifying pathology. The DSM-IV-TR’s diagnostic framework allows for facilitation of research, access to resources, and clarity in treatment, yet no equally thorough text addresses other considerations such as the strength, intelligence, and skill of the client. This thesis utilizes hermeneutic methodology to create a brief reference guide for those seeking alternatives to the pathological stance on the following categories: anxiety disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, eating disorders, and mood disorders. The author proposes that a broader view thoroughly developing other, nonpathological aspects of each diagnosis will benefit the field of psychology.

Utilizing heuristic and phenomenological research methodologies, this thesis focuses on the author's personal and professional life experiences, co-researcher interviews with peer colleagues in the mental health field, and a review of the literature by diverse authors to explore the existence and benefits of soul love in the therapeutic alliance. This type of relating to clients is discussed in light of traditional ethical boundaries within the field of counseling concerning relating to clients. The findings of the study present a general consensus that love does fit in the therapeutic alliance and that soul love is transformative, and points to a surprising lack of this concept present in education, training, supervision, dialogue, and literature on the subject. This thesis considers possible reasons for this void and alternate words and themes used and the shortcomings therein. A clear message emerges that the field of psychology would benefit from more conversation, education, and training concerning this invaluable and essentially invisible, vital element of healing and transformation.

A universal condition of wounding to the self is often associated with narcissism; however, this wounding is not pathological, but instead serves a purposive quality towards wholeness. Similarly, the Jungian concept of synchronicity is often considered as purposive force that can aid healing and usher in personal growth. Research in psychology rarely addresses the influence of synchronicity on the healing of core wounding. By exploring his own wounding and the effects of synchronicity, the author shows how such healing can occur. Using an alchemical heuristic methodology, the author documents and analyzes his experience with wounding as he encounters synchronicity over a period of time recounted in a personal memoir. An examination into the occurrence of synchronistic events and suggestions for further areas of research are provided.

Using artistic-creative methodology, this production thesis demonstrates that the relation of an experience through the expression of art has a healing function both in the creation and sharing of the art as a means of expression, particularly as it pertains to the recovery and rehabilitation of someone suffering from addiction and alcoholism. For the author, a shifting of libidinal energies was achieved creating a tension of opposites through the adversity of a physically and mentally challenging goal that led toward individuation and the transcendent function. Three songs were produced that tell the story of surrendering to alcoholism/addiction, training, and completion of The Catalina Classic, a 32-mile paddleboard race that the author competed in and documented using heuristic methodology. A confluence of depth and totem images appear to support the oceanic feelings that created an initiation, which became a healing and redemptive process.

Nature Connection refers to a deep bonding with the natural world involving qualities of a sense of place grounded in a deep engagement of the cognitive, affective, and sensory parts of the self. Gestalt Play Therapy with children is grounded in the foundational tenets of holism, contact, and organismic self-regulation—and the imaginative and engaging emphasis of play therapy. This qualitative and heuristic research explores the highly engaging, vibrant, and integrative qualities of Nature Connection interventions as fertile ground for effective Gestalt treatment and as a potentially powerful antidote for the nature-deficient child. The intention is to raise the awareness of this deficiency in the field of therapy and to suggest ways to incorporate nature-connective experiences into treatment.

Anger and envy are considered powerful human emotions that transcend gender
and culture; however, understanding and interpreting the causes of these emotions may
enable a clinician to aide the process of individuation in a female client of Mexican
descent. The purpose of this thesis is to bring into awareness difficult emotional issues in
a way that addresses gender and cultural specific matters. This research utilizes
alchemical hermeneutics to explore personal unconscious processes through the use of
transference dialogues and active imagination methods. A heuristic research approach is
also applied to provide a depth psychological perspective that focuses on issues
concerning the psyche, soul, and unconscious, more specifically when gender and culture
intersect. The example provided in this thesis explores the possible causes of anger and
envy, and facilitates a better understanding of unconscious processes as they pertains to
specific issues that a Mexican woman may face, drawing from personal experience. This
thesis addresses the nature of anger and envy and brings into light the impact of
internalized gender roles (sexism), racism, and other societal expectations Mexican
women may encounter in their interactions with other women.

“The history of medicine is the history of the placebo,” according to Fabrizio Benedetti (2009, p. 1). The placebo effect is a controversial but well documented phenomenon universally found in the practice of therapeutic healing. Exactly how the placebo works is still a little understood mechanism and remains a confounding variable to scientific inquiry. Since the placebo involves deception, the medical community views the placebo largely in a pejorative manner. At the same time, the placebo is indispensable in the testing of new medicines.

Using a theoretical research methodology, this thesis steps outside the realm of rational science to provide a different standpoint from which to understand the placebo. As deception is a common characteristic of both the placebo and the trickster, a figure encountered in primitive myths, examining the placebo through the lens of the trickster provides insight into the nature of the placebo and its healing power.

Envisioning psyche as a phenomena that is autopoietic, or Self-making, in nature, this thesis asks how the psyche’s intentions are revealed. This heuristic and phenomenological study explores the concept that transformations leading from unconsciousness to consciousness often occur in the phenomenon of encounter. One’s soul is deepened and broadened when one is engaged in relationships with others. The unique and mysterious exchanges between individuals often present creative challenges that clearly test the limitations of one’s potential. These encounters can aid in the discovery of one’s uniqueness and true subjectivity, helping to define the boundaries between self and other. The projective process known, to psychoanalysis as transference, relates this process to one’s psychic development. Relationships can thus be seen as catalysts toward psychic individuation and also reveal a possible expression of an autopoietic soul.

Trauma is a social justice issue by which many of its sufferers historically have remained mystified in a web of misdiagnosis, the most notorious being hysteria. Today, individuals suffering from attachment disorders, anxiety, and depression and the victims of violence, addiction, emotional abuse, and physical abuse often have overlapping symptoms roughly mirroring trauma response symptomatology. These individuals comprise the bulk of those seeking relief from the healing professions, yet the DSM-V has but one diagnosis for trauma: posttraumatic stress syndrome. Recent advances in neuroscience have converged with observations from the field of psychology to confirm the need for a more complex trauma diagnosis. It is time to bring trauma out of the lab and into the streets. Using artistic-creative methodologies, this production thesis channels the expanding body of trauma research into comic strips designed to stimulate social dialogue about the existence of trauma response symptoms in our communities.

This heuristic study considers the place of personal myth and the creation of a personal ritual in the use of scarification to serve as an initiation into self. Meaning can be found and emotional healing achieved by reinviting and honoring these primitive aspects of self. In this way, the individuation process is activated, allowing movement from pain to a place of healing. The author documents her process toward healing through the creation of a physical scar to manifest and represent emotional healing.

Using an alchemical hermeneutic approach to research, this thesis explores a subset of gay males who are impeded in tolerating conflict and ambiguity in their adult lives as a result of an insufficient environment in their psychological preoedipal development. The research specifically examines how the achievement of the Kleinian depressive position is thwarted for gay men in preoedipal development through lack of mirroring, internalized negative introjects, and the absence of gay-affirmative myth and archetypal understanding of homosexuality. Through the lens of Kleinian object relations and contemporary gay-affirmative psychology, this analysis explores one potential clinical application of healing the paranoid-schizoid split in gay men to provide readier access to the depressive position. The research concludes with discussion of rites of passage for gay men and offers an archetype of same-sex love embodied in several myths as a means to foster ego resiliency, strengthen a capacity for gay love, and illuminate a path towards individuation beyond the depressive position.

The mandala is a powerful symbol for wholeness, and carries the archetypal energy of the Self, which is the drive towards psychic balance that is essential in one's journey towards individuation. Considering the disintegrating effects on one's body, psyche, and life of the trauma of domestic violence, it follows that an effective treatment for that which fractures, isolates, and separates, would be the mandala that which unites, integrates, and safely contains the tension of internal conflicts. Mandala making is an art therapy treatment modality, a therapeutic approach that is founded in depth psychology, which has many benefits in treating the psychological trauma of domestic violence.

This production thesis utilizes creative-artistic methodology, and presents the structure and creative process of the Creative Expressions Art Therapy Groups, formed by the author in collaboration with the Young Women's Christian Association Monterey County (YWCAMC) to treat women and children domestic violence survivors in a safehouse setting, in their journeys toward healing from trauma. The group process, a case study, and theory are examined with an effort to contribute simultaneously to theory and practice. For the purposes of this thesis, //Creative Expressions: The Healing Circle// (2009) demonstrated the application of art therapy in a group setting using the mandala as a healing tool for domestic violence trauma recovery, and is presented in a way in which it can be used as a model in other trauma recovery settings. A group's collective mandala installation piece represents social action.

The following is a hermeneutical investigation using text-based data. I use analysis of this data to explore whether the traditional golem tales might be interpreted using Jungian psychology to represent fragmentation on both individual and collective levels. I reference Jungian psychoanalyst Joseph Henderson's (2005) Themis/Moira archetypal divide to inform my discussion of cultural fragmentation, and Jungian psychoanalyst Donald Kalsched's (2008) conception of a dual archetypal self-care system to inform my discussion of individual fragmentation. Finally, I consider Jungian psychoanalyst Edward Edinger's (1972) analysis of damage and repair to the ego/Self axis as a possible way to help people become more aware of what I term the golem complex and move toward healthy individuation.

The occurrence of the placebo effect in modern medicine has been studied over the past 20 years with increased interest. Findings state conclusively that mind has an instrumental effect on the physical body, a conclusion that is incompatible with the biomedical paradigm and materialism, as it reflects mind’s irreducibility to matter. A philosophy of physical reductionism cannot explain the mechanism of the placebo effect, and new theories must be sought. Depth psychology’s metaphysical assertion of the reality (but not ontology) of the autonomous imagination not only offers a phenomenological account of the placebo effect but also a transcendence of the mind-body problem and suggests a method for working within the imaginal realm to affect physical changes in the body. In this hermeneutic exploration, the method discussed is embodied imagination through a process of mimesis, and the techniques of Jungian analyst Robert Bosnak serve as one style of its use.

This thesis examines the psychosocial and cultural factors behind body modification practices of breast augmentation, female circumcision, and foot binding in order to understand the growing trend of cosmetic surgery. Body modification is examined through the lens of Albert Bandura’s social learning theory using hermeneutic methodology that analyzes quantitative and qualitative data. Cross-cultural research on breast augmentation, female circumcision, and foot binding provides insight into how body modification practices are internalized through observational learning. The findings demonstrate that women are faced with social pressures to conform to physical ideals that often require modification of the body. Bandura’s theory of self-efficacy provides insights into how women can exercise choice, personal agency, and self-direction to guide personal decisions pertaining to cosmetic surgery within the context of social pressures.

This thesis explores repetition compulsion as an archetypal defense against unresolved trauma and how it can be reframed within the context of Margaret Murdock's The Heroine 's Journey. Heuristic research methodology and a depth psychological perspective is used to examine the notion that when a symptom, such as a repetition compulsion, is tracked into the unconscious and given meaning in te1ms of the traumatogenic split in the psyche and the instinct ofthe self toward wholeness, the dissociative dynamics that caused one to feel frozen, disconnected, and powerless shift towards integration and healing. The process is shown to include re-membering of embodied experience, anima and animus, and the split-off inner child through therapeutic vehicles that safely contain and guide a woman's journey descent into her own depths and ascent with a new and unexpected perspective.

Beginning with Carl Jung’s dismissal of yoga psychology for the Westerner, this thesis employs hermeneutic methodology to explore the question: If Jung, due to cultural prejudices and a lack of experience with Indian yogic tradition, misunderstood the Indian concept of transcending the ego and denied the possibility of a superconscious, or higher state of consciousness above the ego, how can renewed interest into human growth through the lens of yoga psychology contribute to an expansion of depth psychology today? This research helps contribute to the understanding of the nature of the ego and consciousness from a yogic point of view. Clinical implications of integration include more tools for managing the unconscious and psychopathology, a broader understanding of the human mind, greater opportunity for expansion of consciousness, and further opportunities for ethical treatment of multicultural clients. It is time that depth psychology integrates yoga psychology into the mental health paradigm.

Shame creates a profound need to hide from its source, whether that is another
person or oneself. This hinders understanding shame as well as attempts to find relief
from it. Through alchemical hermeneutic-heuristic methodology, this thesis considers the
literature of depth psychology and Gestalt therapy, as well as symbolically explores the
emergence from shame and the scapegoat complex through both a fairy tale and the
author’s personal experience and poetry. Readings of the literature attend to the nature,
operation, and expression of shame implicated in shame’s hiding, as well as to the service
of shame in various therapeutic approaches. What emerges is that the need to disappear in
response to shame must be honored and allowed if it is to be transformed. This translates
into a clinical need to take more time with clients who present with shame, which
underlies a great number of diagnoses.

This thesis uses heuristic methodology to inquire about the meaning and implications of defiance as both a mode of behavior and an expression of a person’s will. The central premise of this thesis focuses on defiance as protection of the innate spirit within an individual life that opens the portal to finding the kernel of the true self and one’s calling through the inner stand one takes. Depth and developmental psychological perspectives are used to support the premise that both traumatic and childhood developmental disruptions are at the root of defiant behaviors, which are expressed in various ways throughout the lifespan. Defiance is reframed as a powerful tool of communication that builds a sense of self-efficacy by allowing an individual to voice what has been unspoken. The incorporation of the author’s personal story explores the concept of flow and group phenomena as related to defiance.

Life is a dance between opposing universal energies, experienced as affect. When
one engages in this dance, healthy development and creative living are possible; when
one does not, suffering occurs. This heuristic and alchemical hermeneutic study explores
this hypothesis beginning with the history of affect theory.

Jungian analyst L. H. Stewart’s archetypal affect system is linked to analytic
psychiatrist Carl. G. Jung’s theories of affect, archetype, and symbol and their role in
individual development. Jung’s concepts of the Self and his psychology of opposites are
reviewed in relationship to individuation and the transcendent function.

An autobiographical vignette explores the author’s activation of a complex, which
blocked his writing process in this essential stage of his individuation—a symbolic
representation of dancing with God.

Finally, a fantasy imagines God incarnating through humanity as a model for
individuation and the bidirectional aspect of relationship between ego and Self in the
creation of consciousness.

This production thesis uses heuristic methodology to explore Jung‟s concept of the transcendent function, the capacity of the human psyche for change (Corbett, 1992; Jung, 1928/1953 [CW 7]).The literature review explores the history of the development of this concept as well as surveys the key components that make up the experience of the transcendent function. The thesis includes the author‟s narrative depiction of the transcendent function experience using active imagination—drawing and painting as well as dreams and journal entries. The research project attempts to convey a “comprehensive expression of the essence of the phenomenon” (Moustakas, 1990, p. 32) thereby realizing the transcendent function itself. By understanding the transcendent function and how it manifests, those who reach impasses in their lives may move through them towards individuation.

Although the soul used to be highly valued as our vital essence and connection to the Sacred, it has become reduced and dissociated due to scientific materialism and the traumas of life. Science, while generally discounting or dismissing the soul altogether, has attained many stunning achievements and some of those achievements now threaten the extinction of the human race through nuclear and environmental catastrophes. The retrieval and healing of the soul holds the potential to heal-and to raise the consciousness of—individuals, the mental health field, and humanity, and thereby mediate our crises. Shamanic techniques were used by our ancestors to heal peoples' souls, and restore their spiritual, psychological, and physical health. These techniques represent a top-down spiritual approach to healing, and they hold promising potential for clinical use.
This work explores the soul, soul loss, and soul healing with shamanic techniques, mainly from depth psychological and shamanic perspectives. The paradoxical and multidimensional nature of the soul is presented. Information about soul loss, as it affects individuals, the mental health field, and society, is provided. Several aspects of soul healing with shamanic techniques are offered, including the work of some present-day shamanic practitioners, as well as some of the author's own initial experiences with shamanic techniques in this heuristic, qualitative work.
The ethically appropriate use of shamanic techniques is proposed as a way to improve the effectiveness of psychotherapy and to increase consciousness.

//The Alchemist's Path: Navigating and Reclaiming the Depths of Your Psyche// (Strasburg, 2007) is a workbook which uses the theoretical methodology of narrative therapy and archetypal psychology, incorporating them into a visual narrative of the heroic journey. //The Alchemist's Path: Navigating and Reclaiming the Depths of Your Psyche// (Strasburg, 2007) incorporates elemental imagery based in alchemy and a visual, elemental and spatial narrative which facilitates the reclamation of meaning and importance of the reader's life stories.

The written portion of this production thesis explains the development of the workbook and reviews the theoretical foundations it is based upon, emphasizing Jungian, archetypal, and depth psychology theory. The workbook amalgamates concepts in mythology, alchemy, archetypal imagery, and depth psychology into a cohesive, visual journal. The book orients the reader to the presented theory with a map called the ìMap of the Archetypal Psyche.î Working through a guided travel journal, the reader performs both experiential and written exercises to follow a path through four alchemical regions represented by the elements, water (Solutio), Fire (Calcinatio), Air (Sublimatio) and Earth (Coagulatio). The workbook, //The Alchemist's Path: Navigating and Reclaiming the Depths of Your Psyche// (Strasburg, 2007) explores these themes and includes paintings that record, recollect, and witness a series of ìbigî dreams I had over a period of three years. Using these images as an evocative starting place, the written and practical exercises are intended to help facilitate the user's reclamation and integration of these archetypal realms.
* The electronic copy of this thesis is on two discs. The theoretical portion is on a single PDF file which can be opened with Adobe Acrobat Reader. The production, //The Alchemist's Path: Navigating and Reclaiming the Depths of Your Psyche//, is on a second disc containing a PDF file which can be opened with Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Psychologically oriented research relating to emotional themes of prenuptial
agreements is sparse. A legal contract that customizes marriage and divorce laws based
on the desires of the parties involved, the prenuptial agreement has the potential to cause
difficulties in relationships as well as positive outcomes. In this study, the psychological
themes of prenuptial agreements from existing research, literature, and film are
examined. Although cultural negative stereotypes of its use are common in the United
States, the actual psychological effects of a prenuptial agreement are highly
individualized, based on many issues related to the parties involved. With the
hermeneutic methodology of this research, I explore the psychological implications of
negotiating a prenuptial agreement. I include a depth psychological perspective.
Suggestions are presented for working with couples in a clinical context that utilizes the
prenuptial agreement process as a method of self-exploration. These suggestions are
based on the symbolic nature of money, in conjunction with family therapy interventions.

This thesis explores the contemporary practice of Shadow Yoga ™ as a somatic based means of investigating how consciousness can be expanded and explored in relationship to the Jungian concept of the shadow. Hermeneutic methodology is used to survey literature relevant to understanding how both the hatha yoga and Jungian traditions have regarded the shadow as fuel for self-transformation. To provide a conceptual foundation for the Shadow Yoga practice, literature pertaining to Jung' s theory of the unconscious and construct of the psyche is reviewed. Following an overview of somatic-based practices based on lung's technique of active imagination, an entire Shadow Yoga prelude is described from both a physical and a personal psychological perspective. Employing heuristic methodology, the author reveals her experience of how Shadow Yoga is effective in bringing the shadow into awareness. This work demonstrates the efficacy of using a somatic-based practice in conjunction with psychotherapy to further self-exploration and self-understanding.

This thesis examines the hypothesis that among other, possibly coincident, archetypal or developmental meanings, the traditional story of Adam and Eve strongly reflects multiple and conflicting major conceptions of infant psychological development, including prominent ones arising from depth psychological approaches that do not include a strong role for myth. A core element of this examination is a single in-depth illustration: The story of Adam and Eve closely tracks not only the central conceptions of Melanie Klein's narrative of infancy but also many of the details. Several examples in the literature are described in which other infancy narratives are linked to the story, some of which relate to the Klein parallel, and the concluding section lists and briefly discusses possible major examples not yet developed in the literature as avenues for future research. The last two chapters discuss some implications of the hypothesis, if true, for therapy, culture, and religion.

The author of this production thesis uses a heuristic approach to examine the effects of the presence of a special-needs child on a family system. The sibling relationship is an area of family therapy that is frequently ignored when special needs are a factor. Weaving together her personal writing with Bowen’s family systems theory and a review of published studies, the author illustrates the ways in which a special-needs dynamic within a family system creates both negative and positive traits in the typically developing siblings. The effects of special-needs siblings within the family system is a large, fairly new, subject that requires extensive research. This thesis offers a personal perspective on the experience of growing up in a family with a special-needs sibling that may provide clinicians with a contemporary approach when treating clients from these families.

This production thesis utilizes creative, hermeneutic, and depth psychological approaches in proposing that empathy is informed by imagination and that the process of writing or engaging fantasy can deepen a therapist’s ability to understand the lives and processes of clients. Among others, I consider the writings of Henri Corbin, James Hillman, John Paul Lederbach, J. R. R. Tolkien, and Ursula K. Le Guin on the importance of imagination and fantasy, and the ideas of Joseph Campbell and Edward Edinger, among others, on the healing engendered by myth, image, and metaphor. In this context, I examine my own process as a writer and analyze the result of my efforts, a screenplay, as it pertains to the growth of my understanding of others and my ability to facilitate healing.

This production thesis utilizes creative, hermeneutic, and depth psychological
approaches in proposing that empathy is informed by imagination and that the process of
writing or engaging fantasy can deepen a therapist’s ability to understand the lives and
processes of clients. Among others, I consider the writings of Henri Corbin, James
Hillman, John Paul Lederbach, J. R. R. Tolkien, and Ursula K. Le Guin on the
importance of imagination and fantasy, and the ideas of Joseph Campbell and Edward
Edinger, among others, on the healing engendered by myth, image, and metaphor. In this
context, I examine my own process as a writer and analyze the result of my efforts, a
screenplay, as it pertains to the growth of my understanding of others and my ability to
facilitate healing.

Utilizing artistic-creative and heuristic methodologies, this thesis examines the role a meditative photographic practice can play in relating an individual to the surrounding world. Drawing on the work of Carl Jung, James Hillman, Robert Sardello, and other depth psychologists, as well as the writings of photographers and artists such as Henri Cartier-Bresson and Wassily Kandinsky, this thesis presents a series of photographs that, for the author, capture some of the beauty suffusing his everyday world. The effects of these photographs are then situated within the context of the concepts of the anima mundi and Martin Buber’s I-Thou style of relation. The author’s experience during this practice will be presented as a case study suggesting that a simple, regular appreciation of small moments of beauty serves to situate one in one’s environment and restore one to a stronger felt body-sense.

Utilizing artistic-creative and heuristic methodologies, this thesis examines the
role a meditative photographic practice can play in relating an individual to the
surrounding world. Drawing on the work of Carl Jung, James Hillman, Robert Sardello,
and other depth psychologists, as well as the writings of photographers and artists such as
Henri Cartier-Bresson and Wassily Kandinsky, this thesis presents a series of
photographs that, for the author, capture some of the beauty suffusing his everyday
world. The effects of these photographs are then situated within the context of the
concepts of the anima mundi and Martin Buber’s I-Thou style of relation. The author’s
experience during this practice will be presented as a case study suggesting that a simple,
regular appreciation of small moments of beauty serves to situate one in one’s
environment and restore one to a stronger felt body-sense.

This production thesis explores the inhibition regarding creativity that can occur when an individual feels haunted by a fear of hereditary madness. Using artistic-creative and hermeneutic research methodologies along with the complementary method of alchemical hermeneutics, the thesis explores the notion that creative inhibition may actually arise from attachment rupture rather than any inherent psychological disorder. The author demonstrates how adopting a receptive posture can be a first step in helping such an individual open to full creative expression and posits that maintaining an alchemical hermeneutic inquiry related to one’s own life experience within a wider ecology can keep creativity active. This scholarly inquiry precedes the author’s original opera libretto, The Motherless Salmon. The libretto explores a salmon who has deserted her upstream swim to consult with an owl therapist regarding her feelings of abandonment by her mother.

This thesis examines the correlation of post-traumatic stress, vicarious trauma, and compassion fatigue through a woman's experience in the prenatal and postnatal period. Research suggests that a proportion of women develop posttramatic stress disorder, (PTSD) or posttraumatic stress-like symptoms after birth. The current literature and diagnosis in the DSM-IV-TR on postpartum depression do not focus on anxiety symptoms as part of the criteria for women in this stage of life. In an effort to include anxiety symptoms as a continuation of postpartum depression and related disorders, the current diagnosis of postpartum depression is examined and reframed as "maternal anxiety." Limited research is available, yet the impact of maternal anxiety on the mother-child dyad is profound and needs further research.
The study also examines the prevalence of anxiety throughout a woman's developmental life stages through the lens of cultural influences of common shock that may contribute to compassion fatigue and vicarious traumatic symptoms. Suggestions for treatment of maternal anxiety and future research on this topic are discussed.

Therapy as it is currently practiced often overlooks the importance of early childhood attachment patterns and their subsequent impact on adult relationships. Using artistic-creative and heuristic methodologies, this production thesis explores the potential for psychological growth through attachment-informed therapeutic practice. Contemporary research in adult attachment theory and clinical practice suggests that psychotherapists can foster corrective emotional experiences for their patients that result in internal structural change. This thesis explores how attachment-informed techniques and interventions facilitate patient transformation and healing. It also elucidates the most up-to-date theory and exposes my personal psychoanalytic relationship in order to illustrate what happens psychologically, and therefore behaviorally and emotionally, when therapist and patient set out to co-create an earned secure attachment.

The world is in a paradox of crisis and opportunity, and women are hearing the call to serve in a time of woundedness. The conscious feminine leader takes the journey of personal healing in order to reclaim her own femininity and be aware of her potentially overdeveloped masculinity due to cultural heritage. Through a hermeneutic methodology, I explore this new paradigm of leadership that values feminine qualities, takes the well-being of the Earth and its people into consideration, and works in collaboration and circle, drawing upon each others’ strengths rather than working only as individuals. It requires wholeness, values relationships deeply, and recognizes the interconnectedness of all life. Women are coming together in spiritual and intentional circles to support one another and practice a new way of being to share leadership, experience feminine nurturing and support, and provide a space for individual healing that extends to community and collective healing.

Midlife can be a tumultuous time and for many a period of unavoidable psychological transition. During midlife Psyche calls out to abandon what has been known to journey into that which is unknown. Utilizing a heuristic research methodology this thesis proposes that the midlife journey is a natural calling, that there is a rhyme and reason for this process, and that when entering into midlife an archetypal energy comes forth called the Trickster; a catalyst who gets this process started. As one journeys through this important psychological developmental phase there is an anticipation that one will mature into a position where one will be able to offer new and constructive ways of being in the world that are of greater benefit to society. For gay men and women, the midlife journey has the potential of awakening in them what is their own unique and natural potential calling in life.

This study explores the boundaries of consciousness and the possibility of awareness expanding beyond the neural constituents of the peripheral and central nervous system. This thesis investigates whether consciousness is localized in the physical body and the present moment or is nonlocalized, transcending the physical confines of matter and time. Nonlocal consciousness, a modern reverberation of Carl Jung’s concept of the collective unconscious, stems from the idea that consciousness can be informed by nonlocal, nonordinary perception. This theory was examined utilizing a hermeneutic process of investigation, analyzing texts from depth psychology, neuroscience, physics, shamanism, and parapsychology. The findings of this thesis, that consciousness is not confined to the physical body and neural constituents of the five senses, support the possibility that depth psychological practices increase receptivity to nonordinary perception, and the validity in therapy of drawing upon images from the unconscious and both synchronistic and transpersonal experiences.

At midlife, the archetype of initiation is constellated by the psyche in an attempt
to initiate the individual into the second half of life. The archetype of initiation is the
psychological parallel to the initiation rituals practiced by primitive cultures in order to
facilitate passage from one phase of life to the next within the culture. The archetype of
initiation arises at times of transition within one's lifetime as an attempt to facilitate the
passage from one stage to the next in the process of individuation and to lead to new
avenues of self-awareness and a transformation of consciousness. Using a heuristic
research methodology, this thesis elucidates the themes and symbols that may arise from
the unconscious in the form of dreams, images, and synchronicities during this
transitional phase. The thesis utilizes examples of the author's dreams during this phase
of life to demonstrate how the archetype of initiation might appear in dream symbols and
images during the midlife transition.

Revolutionary discoveries in postmodern scientific research have placed humankind at the dawn of a new appreciation for the infinite vastness of psyche. New data point increasingly toward a view of self and universe as co-evolutionary participants in a complexly interconnected, dynamic, interactive whole. This view, reminiscent of ancient philosophical and spiritual beliefs, has remained integral to many cultures throughout time. An examination of Western culture reveals a more carved-up view -- with consciousness assigned to brain function; body and mind distinguished as separate entities; soul and spirit relegated to theology; and the relationship between humanity, nature, and cosmos severed. Whereas psyche's dismemberment has reaped numerous technological and scientific rewards, it has also given rise to problematic consequences in all realms of existence. An understanding of the complex, interdependent nature of psyche may be critical for the survival of humanity and the planet. This thesis serves as response to psyche's call to be revisioned. Grounded in a depth perspective, and using hermeneutic methodology, it interweaves the work of such theorists as C.G. Jung, Richard Tarnas, Lionel Corbett, and Morihei Ueshiba to broaden the Western lens and invite a more holistic view. The Eastern art of Aikido is used to counterpoint the Western view. Similarities between the insights of C. G. Jung and Morihei Ueshiba are noted.

http://www.pacifica.edu/lib/theses.html
http://pgilib.googlepages.com/theses.html

This thesis explores the use of voicework, specifically singing, vocal improvisation, and songwriting as a process of creative expression and personal empowerment with potential therapeutic benefits. Through the lens of depth psychology the research investigates the voice as a potent bridge to the creative and imaginal landscapes of an individual and asks the question: Can freeing the voice assist in facilitating an individual on his or her path towards healing and wholeness?

Utilizing artistic-creative and heuristic methodologies with a qualitative approach, this work culminated in the production of an interactive, community website, http://www.getvocalnow.com, exploring many layers of creative vocal expression supported by visual examples and exercises. This thesis concludes that an invitation to engage in creative vocal expression within a safe therapeutic container can assist in an individual’s healing and journey towards wholeness, thus contributing to the field of depth and counseling psychology.

Narcissistic personality disorder in parents effects their children in countless ways. The children of narcissists must overcome a multitude of difficulties in order for them to prosper as well-rounded, healthy adults. This thesis considers the research of psychologists and scholars, some of whom are children of narcissists, and attempts to form a guideline for the therapists who work with children of narcissists, both as young children and as adults. It is also meant for adult children of narcissists as another tool in their arsenal for healing. This thesis will examine the traits that make up narcissistic personality disorder, attempt to describe co-narcissism and describe how narcissism effects the children of narcissists. Some of these children will come to therapy as youngsters and some will not attempt healing until adulthood. There are many strategies for these children to employ that will help them survive their narcissistic parent. This thesis will explore the types of therapy that are effective for the therapists of these now young adults and older adults to engage in so that their clients can break through the narcissistic ties that have bound them to their past. This thesis will particularly examine the work of Nina Brown, Linda Martinez and Elan Golomb and their efforts to help the children of the self-absorbed. It will also articulate the definition of narcissistic personality disorder and the types of therapy such as objects relation as well as meditation and yoga which have helped children of narcissists thrive. I will be using a heuristic method with this thesis with emphasis on personal experience. This thesis will act as a survivor's manual for children of narcissists and can be used as a guide for what types of traits, practices, habits, and skills a person can use to overcome their past.

The intersection of consciousness-rising and the fields of intention and human potential presents human kind with a powerful set of tools with which we, collectively, can reverse and potentially halt climate change, repairing the environmental devastation that humans have invoked upon the planet, particularly during the 20th and 21st centuries. Using a hermeneutic methodological lens, this thesis places these concepts—intention, consciousness, and climate change—in dialogue while incorporating empirical research surrounding the subtopics of quantum physics, scientific experiments on intention, neuropsychology and neurophysiology, placebo effect, and visualization. The philosophical subtopics of the history of thought and consciousness development, the history of “intention” via popular authors and scientific theories, the Asclepian paradigm, ecopsychology, religious fundamentalism, and the role of ego are also explored to explicate the various means by which we can trace consciousness-rising and the power of intention in making desired situations manifest. The relationship of intention and consciousness-rising is applied to the problem of climate change and its ramifications, in recognition of climate change as the most perilous problem human civilization has yet faced.

Generation Y is one of the most studied generational cohorts in history, and much has been written about the psychology of this generation. Generation Y has been influenced by a number of factors, including the technological revolution, the economic recession, and the self-esteem movement. These factors have hindered Generation Y's psychological and maturational development. In addition, Generation Y shares many characteristics with the psychological archetype of the puer aeternus. Using hermeneutical and heuristic methodologies, this thesis focuses on the relationship between the puer aeternus archetype and the millennial generation, as well as the main factors contributing to Generation Y’s delay in achieving traditional developmental milestones. Both psychological and demographical literature and research, along with personal experiences of the author, are incorporated to demonstrate the connection between Generation Y and the puer aeternus archetype, as well as to examine the critical factors that have influenced Generation Y’s psychological and maturational development.

Psychological and archetypal elements in the soulful musings and tragic behavior of the American poet Sylvia Plath, over her short thirty year life, a life that ended in suicide, were reflected in her journals, letters, and most especially in her great poems.
Since Plath's death in 1963, there has been considerable literature focusing on the causes that lead Sylvia Plath to take her life, reflecting the views of literary criticism, feminism, and psychoanalytic theory and this thesis surveys and reflects on those views, particularly the psychoanalytic views related to dynamics of her mother and father.
The primary focus of this thesis is to utilize a hermeneutic approach, looking directly at archetypal and mythological motifs in Plath's poetry found in reference to ancient Greek tragedies, with symbolism related to the Black Sun, Electra, Saturn, and the Gorgon Medusa, reflecting Plath's depression, despair, and unconscious feelings around Mother and Father from an archetypal perspective.

The evolution towards wholeness and individuation is often portrayed as a dangerous and perilous journey. The contemporary masculine psyche (and in particular the cultivation of the mature masculine psyche) is seen as developing in a cycle of death and rebirth. The modern culture presents an abundance of wounded, truncated male psychology emphasizing a lack of mature guidance and challenging the development of the spiritual consciousness in modern men. An alchemical hermeneutic approach is used to explore the concept of sacred mythology as an orientating map to the psychic landscape and as a template for the process of the development of male consciousness. This psychological process of individuation, in which the individual develops towards the wholeness of the psyche, is mapped through the framework of the Arthurian tale of Perceval, or, The Story of the Grail (Chrétien de Troyes, 1982, 1983). This thesis utilizes a depth psychological perspective to analyze and interpret the myth of Perceval to explore and illustrate the cultivation of the enlightened masculine psyche.

This thesis examines the proposition that awareness of the body offers access to the unconscious, especially to repressed shadow material, and that working somatically and doing shadow work leads to greater self-acceptance and wholeness. This thesis also explores whether or not the processes of cultivating more dynamic relationships with the body and with the unconscious are analogous because both necessitate integrating all parts of the self, the pleasurable and the painful, with the benefits of increased authenticity, vitality, and spontaneity. This study emphasizes how increasing awareness and tolerance of somatic sensations and integrating shadow material offers people more energy, creativity, authenticity, and life force, despite the inherent discomforts of both processes. Using hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies, this research supports the use of a combination of somatic and depth psychotherapeutic approaches, especially with clients who are struggling with negative body image, depression, or inability to tolerate their emotions.

This thesis is an attempt to understand the impact of technological change from a depth psychological perspective using the methodology of alchemical hermeneutics. The understanding of technology is based on the work of Marshall McLuhan, who showed that technology, as a medium, works as metaphor to shape the world in a particular way. When a new medium is introduced, the world is reconstituted to reflect the new sensibilities of the new medium. Currently, society is undergoing a significant change, in which dominant media are increasingly electronic, instead of typographical and mechanical. As a result, youth are more and more becoming stuck in a particular holding pattern, the archetype of the puer aeternus, as they attempt to negotiate between two conflicting worlds. This thesis thus reframes the symptoms of puer personalities as an attempt by young people to establish creative, new identities in the changing technological world.

This thesis explores the search for identity during the developmental stage of female adolescence amid ongoing family trauma. A hermeneutic methodology is used to provide a soul-centered perspective by summoning the historical and imaginal presence of the gypsy, who offers the wisdom of exile, marginalization, and authenticity to assist in the female adolescent's journey toward identity in the presence of trauma and loss. Through the use of memoir, folklore, and scholarly research regarding female adolescence and the Gypsy culture, the intrapsychic territory of the margins and the process of dissociation (or psychic exile) are discussed as powerful sources of transformation that are often met with fear and resistance.

This thesis examines the resilience of psychoanalysis in the face of personal, political and generational critiques that tend to reify its core concepts and distort them. Utilizing hermeneutic methodology it explores aspects of psychoanalytic theory in practice and demonstrates how cultural positions and fashions about psychoanalysis enter the analysis and the unconscious of the patient. Its starting point is the poet H.D.'s (Hilda Doolittle) psychoanalysis with Sigmund Freud in the 1930s in Vienna and the free-associative memoir of that experience that H.D. published after Freud's death, Tribute to Freud (1974). Employing artistic-creative methodology, it then presents the author's memoir, written in H.D.'s style, about her similar analytic experience with an elderly, traditional Freudian psychoanalyst.
The review of literature explores the literary and political context of H.D.'s analysis with Freud in pre-war Vienna and surveys other personal narratives by Freud's patients and similar writings by students of Freud, comparing autobiographical accounts of psychoanalysis. Themes arising from the cultural and historical context of the author's analysis while at an Ivy League university at a time of upheaval are linked to H.D.'s experience.

This artistic-creative production thesis, Becoming Love , is accompanied by an archetypal psychology perspective which elucidates eros as a relational and creative force guiding the healing instinct of the psyche. These pages are the result of my investigation into an eros complex using an alchemical hermeneutic methodology. For this re-searching I re-turn to my psychotherapeutic roots within a lineage of depth psychotherapists to re-cover self-knowledge opening to archetypal mystery. Honoring mystery, I occupy my heart with a depth psychological perspective and dip into the imaginative and metaphoric to create experience into mythology. Eros in the guise of the therapist's loving attention revitalizes my psyche toward possibility. Stated simply, love heals. Mystery and myth become my portals to the unconscious, and to eros as an archetypal phenomenon of relationship. Through writing a mythology of poetic consciousness I synthesize mystery and experience into faith and knowledge. Eros, love, that is all there is.

Using hermeneutical and qualitative methodology, this thesis explores the nature,
power, and prevalence of the desire for and execution of revenge in Western culture and
within the human psyche. Theories on the dynamics and nature of revenge and its
potential benefits, risks, and harm are examined. Examples from literature and the arts
along with the author’s subjective experience illustrate the pervasiveness and power of
the revenge archetype. Society’s role in enabling and normalizing a revenge mindset is
highlighted along with social acceptance of scapegoating and stigmatization. The thesis
poses the hypothesis that possession by the revenge archetype can result in unconscious
self-sabotage by the individual. The existence of the revenge archetype is found to be
significant, causing one unwittingly to inflict unnecessary harm on oneself. Forgiveness
is proposed as a solution to the problem of revenge by the self against the self.

This heuristic inquiry examines the origins and therapeutic uses of automatic writing, a practice of writing while the writer is in a mildly unconscious state in order to bridge the personal and collective unconscious. The mystic origins of automatic writing, Carl G. Jung’s personal experience with automatic writing as it influenced his theories of the collective unconscious, and modern neuroscience research about hypergraphia are discussed. Automatic writing as a therapeutic tool toward self-analysis and individuation is explored. The author’s personal experience with brain trauma, automatic writing, and self-discovery are documented. Clinical applications of automatic writing in a modern depth psychological framework are proposed.

This thesis examines the intersection of depth psychotherapy with complex trauma, particularly trauma arising from interpersonal abuse. With the intent of identifying more efficacious short-term treatment for victims of sexual assault and domestic violence, the author investigates the depth metapsychologies and interpersonal experiences of Sigmund Freud, Sabina Spielrein, and Carl. G. Jung. The author also considers her own experiences of interpersonal trauma and her work as a trauma therapist. From the perspective of a participatory epistemology, the author interweaves her own narratives with those of Carl G. Jung and Rebecca Parker, while introducing more contemporary depth psychological perspectives from Heinz Kohut, Donald Kalsched, and Lionel Corbett. The author concludes with a presentation of treatment methodologies from depth psychology that she has found useful in short-term psychotherapy with survivors of complex trauma. Among these perspectives are an appreciation of the numinous aspects of trauma, the importance of the temenos in psychotherapeutic treatment, and the value of balancing reductive and synthetic depth methodologies.

The myth of Echo represents an archetypal dynamic whereby individuals are rendered incapable of tuning in to or speaking with their authentic voice and have a tendency toward dependency on others and a high need for approval and guidance from external sources. This thesis explores this dynamic and the factors that contribute to it as well as how to move from a state of dependency on external referencing to connection with an internal reference point. Literature and research is reviewed employing hermeneutic methodology regarding factors that contribute to this phenomenon and how they might be overcome including fundamentalism, patriarchal society and the devaluing of feminine ways of knowing, and environmental factors in childhood, including parenting practices. The author's exploration through heuristic methodology maps out a process for reconnecting the individual with her authentic inner voice which involves three stages: 1) Initial awareness of one's dependency on external voices and lack of an internal reference point, 2) Discovering and recognizing internal resonance with some of those voices and dissonance with others, and 3) Creating a temporary environment in which resonant voices are maximized and dissonant voices are minimized so as to strengthen the authentic inner voice.

This thesis uses a heuristic research methodology to investigate the patterns of cognition and emotion that are present when one practices self-discipline. A sample of several studies on the subject are presented, compared, and analyzed via a personal experience. The theories presented include ego depletion theory, self-determination theory, organismic integration theory, cognitive evaluation theory, self-control failure, goal setting, and goal visualization. The analysis herein suggests the clinical and counseling applications of incorporating self-discipline techniques into psychotherapy.

When male and female combine, all things achieve harmony.
(Lao-tzu, 1988, p. 42)
Yoga psychology and modern psychology are mutually beneficial. This thesis constructs an integrated therapeutic model, weaving together the most potent skills of modern psychology and yoga. Arising from vastly different worldviews, both aim for a return to wholeness and healing. Due to differing definitions of self, they offer complimentary means by which to obtain this "wholeness." Traditional psychology identifies with cognitive functioning and thinking mind. Yoga incorporates the body and soul. By adapting the nondual framework of systems theory and subatomic physics, psychology extends to address all realms of Self: physical, mental, emotional, spiritual. Change on one level affects change on all levels. An integral approach is necessary.
People have different constitutions, belief systems, and developmental rates; therefore, they may require different therapeutic techniques at various stages in their lives. The most effective clinician or therapist is diverse and open-minded, able to meet the client or student where he or she is, offering a well-rounded skill set.

This work presents a depth psychological relationship between ritual and power. Utilizing an artistic-creative methodology, the aim is to discover whether through ritual, transformative power is available for the ritualist. Pulling from depth psychology, developmental psychology, phenomenology, and the creative arts, this thesis adds to the psychological research in the field of ritual studies. It examines and draws from the works of Erik Erikson, Carl Gustav Jung, and Erich Neumann in constructing an artistic lens appropriate for exploring matters of ritual and power and analyzing their relationship. Creative artwork engaged in a ritual process and composed during the author’s tenure at Pacifica documents the discussion of the transformative power of ritual from a depth psychological perspective. Providing a psychological analysis of the power in ritual, the research considers the psychotherapeutic applications of creative expression within the context of ritual.

"Ordinary life" is an everyday realm that brings into existence one's personal and cultural beliefs, attitudes, and experiences. This production thesis presents an excerpt from the author's written memoir. The creative piece reveals a woman's mid-life journey into the diagnosis and trauma of breast cancer, a life threatening illness. To understand the psychic impact on the illusion of ordinary life for a breast cancer patient, it is necessary to understand the cultural influences that helped to shape her identity and sense of self. To this end, Jungian theories on the creation of persona and ego driven psychological functions, such as projection and repression are reviewed. A heuristic approach is taken in exploring the myth of Inanna as a path to uncover an authentic self, similar to a woman's journey through life-threatening illness and addiction. Experienced as a path of individuation, the illusion of an ordinary life is replaced by an authentic life, supported and maintained through Eastern Buddhist philosophy and the spiritual program of Alcoholics Anonymous.

Societies determine which behavior is deemed acceptable, and which is unacceptable. Unfortunately some do not always follow the rules, and stray outside these boundaries. Negative thoughts and feelings are common among all people. Fortunately, most people do not act upon these thoughts, and restrain themselves from acting aggressively towards others. Lack of restraint and destructive behavior, could be considered "shadow" elements of one's personality. The shadow can be defined as an . archetype which encompasses an individual's disapproving attitudes, behaviors, or thoughts. Society has taught us not to openly express or act upon our shadow, causing individuals to repress these thinking patterns. Regrettably, some find unhealthy outlets.
Drugs have historically caused chaos to societies, and the new drug referred to as methamphetamines, are an unfolding disaster. It is a drug that is artificially produced and is rapidly spreading throughout the country, causing individuals to release the evil lurking within. Users of the drug have admitted doing harm to themselves and others in order to fulfill their need. With the rapidly growing addiction rate, it is important to be aware of the physical consequences, as well as becoming familiar with the shadow element, and how to incorporate this knowledge into the therapeutic setting.
This thesis is a combination of a qualitative research and production methodologies, including statistics from several sources. I have also included an in-person interview to exemplify my hypothesis.

Dreams are the pathway to the unconscious and the portal to direct communication of the gods. Great mysteries are constantly at work in our psyche. Sleep is the venue for those great mysteries and profound experiences of transformation to occur. An individual whose sleep cycle is interrupted at the stage of REM atonia, or Sleep Paralysis, can witness the processes of the transforming psyche and experience images that appear frighteningly real. Utilizing hermeneutic methodology, this production thesis considers empirical studies of Sleep Paralysis, first-hand accounts of Sleep Paralysis in the literature of depth psychology, and the author‘s personal experiences of the phenomenon.

Billboard magazine’s Top 40 songs from one’s youth can impact one’s psyche  during midlife and instill the individuation process with depth and meaning, leading  toward an enlarged sense of self that can take one on a path toward wholeness. The  therapeutic healing nature of music is reviewed, focusing on its influence on adolescence  from a Jungian perspective and its innate relationship to shamanism. Utilizing a heuristic  research methodology and the ideas of archetypal psychology, this thesis incorporates the  author’s personal life experience with popular music and dreams in a brief memoir  highlighting each 12-year Jupiter Return cycle, midlife, and the midlife crisis. Combining  the language and concepts of depth psychology, a passion for Top 40 music, a series of  dreams with pertinent synchronicities, and storytelling pave the way and inform the  author’s hero’s journey, a spiritual quest unveiling an initiation of death and resurrection  marking the birth of a shaman.

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This thesis attempts to provide a bridge between the worlds of Dissociative
Identity Disorder (DID) and Carl Jung’s (1983) complex theory. Furthermore, trauma
theory is discussed in its connection to DID. Each alter personality typically found in
DID has been equated to Jung’s concept of complexes and archetypes. A parallel is also
made between Jung’s (1957/1981) idea of the transcendent function and the integration
process for a multiple personality. The idea behind making this parallel is to offer a
reframing of DID from pathological to non-pathological. Phenomenological research was
conducted for this thesis. Several interviews were completed with individuals who have
experienced various stages of DID from being recently diagnosed to full integration of
alter personalities. Lastly, an interview was completed with a Marriage and Family
Therapist who has worked in the field of DID for more than 30 years. The questions
posed to these individuals are designed to reflect a deeper understanding of the disorder
beyond the pathological view as well as to highlight the similarities between DID alters
and Jungian complexes and archetypes.

The continued mind-body split in medicine has a financial and a soulful cost. The physical body, where matter and spirit meet, suffers from the view that the human body is a machine to be fixed. The person with chronic pain has few avenues of support beyond medication, perpetuating a self-alienation process. Employing heuristic methodology, this thesis follows the lead of psyche as the author, a physical therapist and chronic pain sufferer, investigates her linguistic, metaphoric expressions of chronic pain. Literature reflects the connection of the body and mind, how language expresses the body’s dilemmas, metaphor and imagination, and how meaning is unravelled through the metaphoric landscape. Honoring the gift of the word and the power of images living through the body, psyche invites th e person with chronic pain into a deeper relationship with self.

This thesis examines the experiences and psychological needs of the surviving family and loved ones of homicide victims. Their loss differs from others who grieve due to the violent and intentional nature of the death. The following questions are explored: What is known about the mindset of individuals who commit homicide and what could provide early intervention with an eye towards prevention? What is the experience of surviving loved ones and how can individuals, families, and communities be best supported after a loss to homicide? How can mental health professionals and educators best be of support? Using a hermeneutic and heuristic research methodology, including a case study of the events surrounding the homicide of the author's sister, this thesis investigates these questions, providing a deeper understanding of the psychological stresses and needs of homicide survivors and suggesting appropriate therapeutic approaches for psychotherapists who treat them.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is on the rise in today’s all-volunteer United States Armed Forces. This thesis uses heuristic and hermeneutic methodology to explore the connection between C. G. Jung’s psychological types, the socioeconomic background and childhood development of recruits, and the propensity to develop PTSD. From the perspective of analytical psychology, complexes are the basis for constellated experiences that come with exposure to combat and are the underlying factor in the primitive behavior that most PTSD patients exhibit. Military training is explored as a destructive ritual process that perverts initiation into adulthood and leads to the dissociative process in PTSD. The component of the collective unconsciousness is discussed in terms of its connection to the drive for war, the motivation to hide our collective humiliation over our appalling love of war, and complicating factors in military-related PTSD. The implications for the treatment of PTSD in veterans are discussed.

The projections of the family system lie at the core of the alcoholic archetype, culminating in a lack of emotional stability that can infiltrate an entire lifetime. A complex transgenerational web of archetypal self-care systems creates a split that spans generations. For males raised in a chaotic and unsafe home environment, the alcoholic and puer constructs elaborate archetypal defenses to protect them from the wounding of early childhood trauma. This thesis takes a hermeneutic and heuristic approach in examining the sacrifice male alcoholics make for the sake of safety and suggests a means for them to identify and cope with wounds discovered in their dreams. For this population, exploration of dreams offers insight and facilitates choices to change unhealthy behaviors. Exploring dream imagery through a therapeutic lens offers phenomenological understanding and insight to access emotions, vulnerability, and stories that clients have suppressed for most of their lives.

Body modification has been looked at through many lenses. Pathologized, politicized, and sexualized, body modification has been labeled from outside the movement as faddish, elements of disgruntled youth, and deviant. From within, body modification is a statement of political and social rebellion, ownership, and control of body and initiation. This thesis explores, through hermeneutical methodology, the recent history of the body modification phenomenon in the United States in relationship to the archetypal trickster as culture bringer, culture distorter, and exposer of dirt. The literature review discusses the breadth of body modification as found in the modem primitive movement, cosmetic surgery, and self-mutilation and explores pertinent aspects of trickster mythology. The literature indicates that body modification is a transforming and transformative process and a statement on the West's abandonment of meaningful initiatory rituals.

The intent of this thesis is to research fairy tale literature, specifically Hansel and Gretel, Snow White, Rapunzel and Cinderella, to discern if elements of attachment theory are present within these tales. The collective and everlasting interest of fairy tales is the drive behind this exploration. Attachment theory has established core features of the early bond between a primary caregiver and child, and many fairy tales seem to mirror these features in that a primary caregiver is lost to the child and another comes in their place, not to great success in the tales I chose to look into. My research involved the work of fairy tale scholars, particularly those who had a psychological take on the tales, and attachment theory pioneers. I employ a hermeneutic and theoretical methodology. My conclusion is that the fairy tales I chose do, in fact, explore the consequences of misattunement between caregiver and child in strikingly similar ways to attachment theory, despite the tales being in existence before the theory.

This thesis is posed as a challenge to a disenchanted universe, one in which psyche has been cut off from the cosmos. In our dualistic, Western worldview, existence is split in two between the objective realm and the subjective, personal realm of experience. Part of the split effected by the Enlightenment zeitgeist between subject and object is the split between psyche and cosmos-between the cold, indifferent, purposeless world of matter and the human world of an isolated and disconnected consciousness.
Increasingly, the findings of modern cosmology, ecopsychology, and process philosophy have all pointed to the interconnectedness between the natural and inanimate world and psyche: humans are co-creators in the universe that surrounds them. Humankind is implicated in the very matter of the cosmos. We are inextricably intertwined with all of creation. Cosmology, the story of our expanding universe, is the epic that enfolds the drama of the expanding self. What is the ultimate container of human development? This thesis makes the argument that the transpersonal aspects of the human psyche are developed in humankind's expanding consciousness of the expanding universe. The exploration of outer space is simultaneously the exploration of inner space.
This thesis also proposes that the Hubble deep field images and planetary space probes become the sacred portals through which we enter to rediscover an enchanted universe. In so doing we open the psyche to a larger vision, one which awakens the imagination to expanded possibilities of the self. Cosmology contains the metanarrative of the human psyche. The cosmos lives within humankind as surely as humankind lives within it. This thesis is an attempt to relocate the human psyche within, not only the larger natural world, but within the cosmos itself. As such, it employs a hermeneutical methodology, which places concepts of self and cosmos in dialogue with one another to explore their relationships to each other and to search for the connective tissue, which ultimately joins both. Finally, Jung's concept of synchronicity and the practice of mindfulness meditation will be examined as clinical applications helping to restore psyche to nature.

Carl G. Jung viewed individuation as a non-linear process, whose chief aim is integration and psychological wholeness. Exploring the unconscious through the creative inner work of active imagination is one way to create a conscious relationship with one’s inner world, thus creating a relationship that is integral to the work of individuation. This production thesis utilizes heuristic, artistic-creative, and hermeneutic research methodologies to explore and synthesize Jung’s theories. Personal active imagination dialogues and paintings are presented as a way to explore the research question regarding the nature of circling back in order to move forward, wherein the question of whether psychological healing may come about as a result of this process is addressed. Connecting to the unconscious figure of the child within through the creative play of active imagination is explored as a way to come closer to an experience of psychological wholeness and healing.

Psychologists recognize the important role that culture plays in understanding personality. Psychologists in Western, developed countries increasingly recognize that many of the assumptions underlying the ways in which we describe and study personality may not apply to dealing with people from different cultures. It is apparent that people and their personalities exist within a cultural context.

As it is used in the field of comparative mythology, the term //monomyth//, also referred to as he hero's journey, refers to a basic pattern found in many narratives from around the world. In myths or legends, or any other more elaborate mythological material, we get the basic patterns of the human psyche through an overlay of cultural material.
Therapy is, in part, a reestablishment of personal agency from the oppression of external problems and the dominant stories of larger systems. In this thesis I employ a hermeneutical methodology. This thesis proposes that by exploring personal myth within the context of the archetypal myth of the Hero's Journey in a group therapy experience, individual growth takes place, interpersonal development is stimulated, transformation occurs and personal suffering is both diminished and understood as a vital part of human development.

The American culture perpetuates sameness placing emphasis on acceptable intellect, behavior, and physical body. Ideologies exist which undermine the strengths
and knowledge that could be derived from individuals with unique qualities. Whether uniqueness is of the mind, body, or spirit, resilience and adaptability are often discounted.
Within depth psychology, reframing is available for individuals as well as the collective for healthful psychological healing and growth.

Born with a significant visible physical anomaly, the author's personal experience of development and reach toward individuation offers a unique viewing of, and perspective for, additional developmental challenges. Whether a child is born with or acquires a visible physical anomaly, integration of resilience and adaptability offers views from a road less traveled. The author's work, incorporating a qualitative methodology with a heuristic model, explores the experiences of individuals opening a window to the beauty and gifts of uniqueness&mdash;beauty and gifts from the visible physical anomaly itself.

Human relationships comprise a fundamental context for the lifelong process of psychological growth. This study examines the romantic, committed love relationship and how it as a whole may go through the process of individuation. Using both heuristic and hermeneutic approaches, the research addresses the questions: How does the individuating process of the lovers initiate and effect the individuation of the relationship itself? How might the relationship itself, as it individuates, effect the individual process of psychological growth in the lovers? The study explores historical, religious, and Jungian perspectives on romantic love and constructs related to processes of psychological growth including the shadow, anima/animus, projection, transcendent function, and individuation. A psychological analysis of data from the author's experience illustrates the process through which the relationship becomes a third entity and the way in which, through projective processes, the psychological growth of the relationship itself is effected by and effects the lovers.

This thesis uses an alchemical hermenutic research approach to explore the theoretical gap between opposites. Opposites exist throughout the natural world; they also exist within an individual's psychological framework. The psychological split of conscious and unconscious is an inherent part ofthe human experience. This thesis dedicates energy toward the further understanding of this unseen split, and in doing so toward the ongoing and necessary process of the development of the Self. By exploring the foundation of psychological opposites through the work of Friedrich Nietzsche and C. G. Jung, this thesis compares and contrasts different views of the integration of opposites and their ability or inability to merge in psychic wholeness. Theoretical stories, symbols, and myths such as alchemy, the transcendent function, Hermes, and Buddhist nonduality are explored through the writings of various scholars in order to deepen the exploration of individuation, shadow integration, imagination, and psychological balance.

This thesis utilizes a heuristic and case study methodology for research with expressive arts therapy as a separate field of professional practice that originated in the 1970s. The expressive arts profession today emphasizes the importance of engaging with art in a multimodal manner, as opposed to separating or compartmentalizing the arts, in order to intensify healing and transformation. The literature review explores the history of art and psychotherapy. It considers the depth perspective of Carl G. Jung and his work with active imagination. First-hand and clinical accounts of expressive arts therapists and practitioners are presented. Included is an autobiographical case study of the author's own extensive work with expressive arts and reports of her work with clients. The author looks within herself and her own lived experience to discover the validity of the findings of professionals in the field of expressive arts therapy and suggests how therapists might incorporate expressive arts into their practice.

Since its inception, depth psychological theory has increasingly acknowledged the role of imaginative processes in the shaping of conscious and unconscious experience. Parallel to this development, the research of phenomenologist and religious scholar Henry Corbin emphasized a form of imagination in traditional Islamic gnosis which is both noetic and revelatory in nature, and which serves as a means for inner understanding and ontological transformation. Corbin's investigations into this domain of imaginal reality, along with the psychological theories of Carl G. Jung, have significantly influenced psychotherapeutic modalities which emphasize imaginative phenomena, and have formed the theoretical basis for James Hillman's school of archetypal psychology.
This thesis explores the psychological and metaphysical dimensions of the imagination as it has been revealed both in the work in Henry Corbin and in the field of depth psychology. Theoretical premises relevant to each of these contexts are examined using a hermeneutic methodology to uncover deeper meaning in their relationships. The central aim of the thesis is examine the degree of compatibility between Corbin's work on the imagination and its adaptation into depth psychological theory, giving critical consideration to their respective visions of the relationship between phenomenal experience and being.

Utilizing heuristic methodology, this thesis uses the author's personal experience of a late-in-life change in sexual orientation as the place from which to consider and name the process of erotic individuation, differentiating it from the seemingly finite process of sexual identity formation, which has an implied expectation of a fixed arrival point. Understanding erotic individuation as a postnormative and phenomenological experience allows for the possibility of a continual sexual unfolding for the individual. Acknowledging the simultaneous and sometimes seemingly contradictory existence of the experience of a literalized, lived sexual identity and an internal erotic individuation process requires new therapeutic language to make room for a more expansive, and thereby more depth-oriented, understanding of what has come to be known as sexual identity formation.

Despite the large amount of funding and research focused on the epidemic of childhood obesity in the United States, a definitive cause for the continued increase in number of those affected each year has not been found. This epidemic is a great threat to the health and future of our nation. Obesity presents as a starving or hunger for nourishment that the soul can never seem to fulfill no matter how much the person eats to satisfy this yearning. This yearning cannot be ignored, dieted, or exercised away but, instead, must be acknowledged as involving the child’s mind, body, and spirit. From a depth psychological perspective, this thesis uses heuristic and hermeneutic methodologies to explore the image of sugar, a known cause of obesity, and relate it to a therapeutic technique that might be more successful than current treatments in the healing of childhood obesity.

This thesis heuristically and hermeneutically examines contemplative practices, more specifically, compassion meditation as a therapeutic modality to mitigate the psychosomatic effects on caregivers of bipolar family members. Through explication of the neurology of bipolar disorder, a metaphorical depth interpretation of a bipolar family system, and an examination of a bipolar family in treatment, the author contends that compassion contemplative practice is an appropriate and beneficial approach to alleviate the burden on caretakers of bipolar family members.

The author used heuristic research to embark on a journey of self-transformation and healing, confronting an internal resistance to play and the fear of expressing emotion in the presence of another. The question of this study is: What is the author’s experience of sandplay therapy, aging, and the transition into the second half of life, framed by the tenets of C. G. Jung’s essay “The Transcendent Function”? The process of transformation and changing one’s limited perspective is sometimes slow. By placing images in the sandtray in the presence of a psychotherapist, resistance to play was encountered along with a discovery of the autonomous presence of characters, attitudes, and strengths as they were embodied in the sandtray. The author discovered a lightening of the burden of a steel-encased ego and a process for self-healing, which can be shared with others personally and professionally.

Children who have experienced complex trauma frequently develop disorganized
patterns of attachment, which require specialized relational skills in therapists who
clinically work with this population. By engaging in comprehensive self-care practices,
therapists are able to serve as secure attachment figures for children with traumatic
histories. By implementing self-care practices, therapists gain resiliency to the effects of
secondary traumatic stress. This research uses heuristic and alchemical hermeneutic
methods to identify practices of self-care to enhance self-awareness in the areas of heart,
mind, body, and spirit. This thesis includes practices that aid therapists in: understanding
personal attachment patterns, integration of experiences of loss and trauma, developing
mind and body awareness, building professional and personal support systems, and
engaging in creative and expressive activities that have been found to support wholeness.
This work is intended as a resource for clinicians who work in the field of developmental
attachment or childhood relational trauma.

Western society is impoverished due to individuals’ lack of self-awareness, inability to communicate authentically, and, ultimately, absence of a healthy relationship with the unconscious. The process and power of active imagination contains ancient wisdom that provides the potential for solutions to Western society’s social and planetary predicament. This thesis addresses the process of an individual establishing a relationship with the unconscious and further acts as a guide to working constructively with the previously latent material as it arises. The methodology utilized is alchemical hermeneutics, which facilitated the author’s development and practice of a relationship of ego with unconscious material through dialogues between the two. The thesis explores the potential for change, understanding, and growth arising from constructively channeling the energy released in these dialogues. Active imagination is demonstrated to be invaluable for mobilizing significant, transformative energy through accessing the unconscious to promote individual and collective healing.

This thesis is a product of the exploration of the deep, rich liminal space encountered in a major life transition. Such transitions involve crossing the threshold from one known reality and familiar way of identifying oneself into the empty but potentially formative experience of liminality, a psychological space that must be lived and occupied in advance of the emergence of a new identity. Utilizing a combined heuristic and alchemical hermeneutic approach, this thesis explores psychological literature on trauma and healing and the author's personal experience of the trauma of incest and betrayal. Her discovery of the healing power of memoir and narrative writing answered the question, "How might one best navigate and mine the liminality that must be lived in major life transitions?" Her use of this narrative explorative technique is documented.

We are living during one of those rare moments in the course of history-the shifting of Platonic months. We are challenged by the closure of the Piscean Era, as it has been defined by Newtonian, Cartesian, Copernican, Kantian, and Christian ideas, and the acute preference of masculine over feminine principles. Over-identification with these ideas has created the cultural pathologies of MAD (mutual atomic destruction), overpopulation and exhaustion of resources, the growth of pandemics and social unrest, global warming, pollution, and ozone depletion. This crisis, having grown in the shadow of a Piscean cosmology, is dramatically juxtaposed by the nativity of the Aquarian Age and its exciting potentials-the quantum, medical and computer; the Jungian and C.G. Jung's prophetic declaration of the Christification of the many; and the rising, balancing force of the feminine around the planet. Such paradigmatic shifts in understanding create the potential to reintegrate an existential ground of meaning and quell the growing global crisis.
We have focused on uniting the Western soul with its spirit for millennia, but now we are called to reunite with the neglected body-the body of Earth, the body of a global community, and our individual bodies as vessels for the image of redemption. Such ideas seem alien to the Piscean mind. Further, the Piscean ideals are now obsolete, as evidenced by their alienating effects on the postmodern, Aquarian mind. Thus it is the idea of the Alien that seems to mediate this transition, and it is not surprising that the alien phenomenon has become a global one. Given the complicated psychological situation of the Christian eschatological expectation of salvation from the skies and the post-Reformation rationalism that scoffs at this metaphysical assertion, we are poised as never before to project the collective expectation of technological angels onto the skies and into the most intense intimacy of our lives.
However, diverse reports from people in every walk of life, from civilian to military to trusted public official to large crowds of people, have suggested evidence that some alien phenomena just may be extraterrestrial in origin. This suggests that they may be more than merely products of projection. They seem to evoke synchronistic and polyvalent meanings that suggest a far deeper participation between oneself, Psyche, and Nature. So we are left with the initiating encounter of a living mystery.
Jung once noted with certainty that the UFO phenomenon has become a living myth. Another thing is certain: alien phenomena and a paradigm shift in the collective unconscious are occurring in synchronicity with each other.

This thesis examines how the current psychological collective conceptualizes, addresses, and makes clinical use of the wounded healer archetype as it occurs in and influences the vocation of psychotherapy. The universal, historic significance of the wounded healer archetype is explored as well as its manifestation in the psychotherapist, the degree to which the therapist's wounds define countertransference, and the effect on client therapy outcome. Research on the psychological community's recognition and encouragement of exploration of the psychotherapist's woundedness is included. A heuristic approach applied to unraveling the mythological wounded healer archetype finds that it may dwell in the psyche of any human. The author concludes that wounded healers who-for myriad unpredictable reasons- follow the vocation of psychotherapy may benefit the psychological community by understanding the clinical and neuroscientific evidence suggesting that their own wounds underwrite counte1transference and can be accessed and used as a potent tool in their practice

Individuation is a key concept within depth psychology that encompasses both
psychological healing and spiritual incarnation. Jung conceived of the religious function
as a central component of this process. He believed the loss of a living religion in modern
times to be a problem of individual psychological health and of society. This hermeneutic
study examines how the experiential and imaginal manifestations of religious experience
as elucidated by Jung are dramatized by the characters Dostoevsky brought to life, who
passionately and poetically manifest the dynamics of the archetype of individuation.
Several episodes of Dostoevsky’s novel The Brothers Karamazov (1880/2003) are
examined to see how Dostoevsky’s conception of religious experience allies with that of
depth psychology. A review of the literature demonstrates commonalities in Jung’s and
Dostoevsky’s key religious ideas. This comparative examination reveals the role of
spirituality in human life and broadens appreciation for religion in the depth-oriented
clinical practice.

This thesis utilizes hermeneutic methodology to examine the research and explores the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorder (SUD) in children and young adults. To illustrate the impact these two conditions can have on a person’s life, this thesis also contains a memoir of the author’s personal experience of being diagnosed with ADHD as a child and her subsequent substance abuse which resulted from maladaptive coping strategies related to ADHD.
The relationship between ADHD and SUD is a complicated issue but the in-depth exploration of research studies presented in this thesis serves as a springboard for the better understanding of this complex subject. Advanced understanding of the topic will serve to improve diagnosis, broaden treatment options, (particularly in the use and availability of natural treatment choices), and prevent possible drug addictions.

From developmental and depth psychological perspectives, individuals are understood to grow and change over time along a horizontal continuum from birth to death and vertically, where their thinking about themselves, others, and society takes places in layers by an unconscious move towards psychic integration. This thesis addresses the how women at midlife traverse this developmental stage and how contemporary Western theory and psychological archetypal theory addresses this cohort. A hermeneutical research methodology is used to explore theories of adult development and the experience of the midlife transition. A heuristic approach invited the author to include her experience of the midlife transition expressed in images using the medium of collage.

Western society’s overvaluation of the weight and shape of one’s body impacts overweight and obese women. Overweight and obesity may be symptoms of underlying psychological issues such as physical and developmental trauma, self-objectification, shame, and misattunement. The heuristic research methodology, which serves as a way to delve into the inner experience and unconscious layers of meaning, was used to explore how psychotherapy, including depth psychology, helps to address the underlying issues of the overweight and obesity symptoms. Overweight and obesity are complex, complicated symptoms which call for individualized therapeutic interventions that may include depth psychotherapy, feminist psychology, feminine psychology, somatic therapy, positive psychology, attachment, and object relations.

One's perception of the world utilizes sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch to give
meaning to surroundings. Each of us has a uniquely intimate yet largely unidentified
relationship with our sensory functions. If one's senses are taken for granted, personal
difficulty results in adjusting to life changes when afflicted with sensory function failure.
This heuristic research chronicles a woman's experience with midlife blindness as
supported by Romanyshyn's (2007) alchemical hermeneutics, and focuses on tapping into
the numinosum in the artistic-creative space. Individual's enduring sensory function
failure often experience a disenfranchised grieving process within Western culture as
society tends to marginalize those with deficiencies or disabilities. Using artistic-creative
methodology, this research posits one's artistic symbolic expression is important and
transformative in healing this type of trauma and grief. A multimedia production presents
the author's memoir, music and art created as coping mechanisms for the emotional and
psychological affects of vision loss.

This thesis is a heuristic and hermeneutic study of the myths and psychology of the indigenous Hawaiian people, interpreted through the lens of depth psychology. A personal experience with the Hawaiian volcano goddess Pele, coincided with my completion of 2 years of depth studies. I found that the nature-based Hawaiian culture shares many values with the depth concepts. Common themes include duality and the reemergence of the feminine. I researched Hawaiian history, and found the Native Hawaiians to be resilient in the face of foreign invaders who tried to destroy their culture. I learned that contemporary Hawaiians healers have revived traditional healing methods, including ho'oponopono, a forgiveness based practice. Studying Hawaiian moolelo (myth), I found universal themes, including the Jungian archetype of the Great Mother represented in Pele. Writing this thesis has been an alchemical process for me. I experienced deep psychological healing and growth.

The topic of sex resides in the shadows in Western culture. However, it is an energy that pervades our biology, dress, media, literature, language, history, and religion. People have sex, but in this culture, they do not talk about it openly. The secretiveness surrounding the topic of sex and the taboos associated with it reinforce an attitude of shame and confusion for some people and particularly for recovering addicts or alcoholics.
People in recovery from substance abuse are moving toward healthy relationships and building self-esteem. They are learning to change their behavior patterns and overcome the shame that was associated with, and perpetuated by, their substance abuse history. Establishing intimacy in relationships presents a major challenge in their lives, and unless people in recovery get the tools they need to guide them in the process of change, they may continue to reenact their past negative patterns in their relationships.
The literature review examines the journey from addiction to recovery through the program of The Twelve Step Program of Alcoholics Anonymous. This successful recovery program emphasizes building a relationship with the self, which is the bridge to dealing with issues of shame, longing, wounding, and projection. These issues are explored in the review of the literature. Childhood and family origins of these issues, as well as and the addict's use of substances to deal with them, are examined through the lens .of Jungian depth psychology and the literature of recovery.
This thesis employed the ethnographic approach of qualitative study used to gather information from people in the recovery community, who can be considered as members of the culture of recovery. The outcome of interviews, with men and women in recovery, showed similarities in their history as well as in relationship patterns that they enacted which had resulted in unfulfilled relationships. In their recovery and self-discovery they are looking at ways to exchange their old behaviors with healthy new ones. They all desire loving intimate sexual relationships.
Based on the recovery-inspired questions that were provided by the interview participants, this thesis supplies a Guidebook to sex for those in recovery. It is the missing piece in the literature of recovery: a Guidebook that demystifies the past of recovering addicts and provides concrete suggestions for implementing changes in intimacy, sex, and relationships. This Guidebook is intended to answer questions of and inform those in recovery of alternate healthy options for transforming their current and future relationships and their lives.

At a deep level I long to know, recognize, and penetrate You; and to be known, recognized, and penetrated by You. This longing is Spirit in 2^^nd^^-person, or the relational aspect of our being. But how do we //deepen// relatedness? Via a theoretical and heuristic approach, this thesis recognizes and explores surrender as an agent of deepening connectedness between I and You. Specifically, the author suggests that //surrender// is a transformative enzyme of Spirit in 2^^nd^^-Person. By catalyzing the flow of interchange between the ego and impinging interior and exterior objects, surrender triggers an alchemy between subject and object which reconfigures each and the relation between them. A range of sources are drawn upon: pre-modern mystics; existentialists; transpersonal psychology; and the relational turn in psychoanalysis. Aspects and dynamics of surrender and the surrendering process are described, examples of which are provided in multiple snapshots of the author's personal experience. Throughout, a distinction is highlighted between surrender and submission/masochism, including possible developmental patternings which may lean a person toward the latter rather than the former. The implications of surrender for the therapist, patient, and the psychotherapeutic process also are considered.

This thesis explores key intrapsychic dynamics at work in gay men who have difficulty forming and sustaining committed romantic relationships. Using a grounded theory methodology, relevant literature on the subject—including psychoanalytic, Jungian, social theoretical, and scientific writing—is reviewed, synthesized, and used to create a theoretical platform on which clinical recommendations are based. The author draws on personal engagement with the topic, using real-world examples from his life to illustrate further the ideas presented. Psychotherapeutic orientations that may be particularly useful in treating gay men with aversions to romantic intimacy are reviewed, and a rationale for their clinical application is offered.

This thesis explores the healing properties of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and their healing potentials in psychotherapy. Using a heuristic research methodology, relevant literature on these psychedelic substances is reviewed including history, biological and psychological effects, and their respective parallels, in terms of effects and potential uses, to psychotherapy. Psychodynamic and Jungian theories are reviewed, synthesized, and used to create a theoretical platform from which to explore how these psychedelic substances may access and nurture the dialogue between the ego and unconscious. The author draws on personal engagement with this topic, incorporating four psychedelic-assisted therapy sessions to illustrate further the ideas presented and offer tangible evidence of psychedelics as healing tools. Guidelines and clinical implications are offered.

Mysteries of the psyche can emerge through equine-assisted psychotherapy (EAP). This thesis explores EAP and records the author’s training experiences with the Equine Assisted Growth and Learning Association (EAGALA). Using hermeneutic methodology, the literature review includes mythological background on equine figures. Investigation of the symbolism of mythological equines Pegasus, Chiron the wounded healer, and the unicorn illustrate the structuring patterns of the unconscious that Jung called archetypes.
A review of recent representations of horses analyzes fictional relationships between adolescents and horses depicted in classic novels and movies. Special attention is focused on the classic film National Velvet (Brown, 1944), which reveals father-daughter relationship patterns that Jungian analyst Linda Schierse Leonard (1982) described as the wounded woman archetype. Using heuristic method, this pattern is explored further as the author presents self-reflection regarding Psyche’s messages revealed during her experience of EAP certification training, dreamwork analysis, metaphorical exploration, and a shamanic journey.

Ideas regarding work in contemporary Western society have been addressed by depth psychology. This thesis reviews a number of these ideas while taking a closer look at the individual experience of work. Work can be understood, at the most basic level, as the conscious effort made by the individual to overcome resistance. In exploring this perspective, this inquiry highlights the ensouling potential of everyday work. Establishing this basic definition of work allows for new possibilities of work to be considered. New ideas and images are offered as a reverent contribution to past and current pursuits within depth psychology as related to the topic of work. Utilizing hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies, this thesis reviews a number of diverse sources in an attempt to free the notion of work from some of the more constrictive, limiting experiences that are often associated with it.

Intuition is an essential expression of people's relatedness. Utilizing phenomenological and hermeneutic qualitative research methodology, this thesis seeks a better understanding of the nature of intuition and its role in everyday life and work through a comparative study of subjective intuitive experiences and a review of the Grimms' fairy tale "Little ~Red-Cap." This thesis develops clinical interventions for fostering intuitional confidence with the aim of counteracting the cultural constructs that impede development of the intuitive function, interventions which thereby reduce psychological suffering related to the imbalance of Jung's (1921/1971) four basic functions of the psyche (thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuition) on an individual and collective level. From this research and a review of related literature emerge patterns by which the relevance of people's relationship with intuition may be defined for individuals and as a culture.

This thesis offers five principles for accessing the inner self. They include: identify your genuine self, determine what fundamentally drives you, own your authentic truth, embrace your entirety, and instill meaningful rituals into your everyday life. These principles are intended to be used by anyone interested in establishing a connection to soul through self-awareness and were developed through heuristic research. To support these principles from a psychological perspective, the work of Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and James Hillman will be highlighted. This review includes Freud's topographical and structural models of the mind, Jung's division of the psyche and individuation process as well as archetypes and instincts, and Hillman's archetypal psychology and the acorn theory. The soulful writings of poet David Whyte will be considered in relation to his work in the field of organizational development and his use of imagination as a tool in the search for soul. This guide provides a means to establish and develop a connection to soul which can serve as a foundation for thriving in this modem day environment.

Current Western society generally takes for granted that young people need an extended period of development lasting often into their mid-20s before they begin assuming the roles and responsibilities of parenthood, yet negotiating this lengthy period of development is not without its complications. Not only has the period from childhood dependency to relatively independent adulthood lengthened but the earlier onset of puberty results in what has been described as a developmental synchrony in the attainment of the biological, legal, and social status of adulthood in modern society (Hamburg, 1986; Hamburg & Dixon, 1992). Utilizing heuristic methodology, this qualitative research on teen pregnancy is intended to help facilitate the transitions that occur during the pregnancy of an adolescent and a process that will assure the teen’s path to adulthood that will one day lead to potential wholeness and the ideal of individuation.

American slavery was abolished in 1865, and yet humankind continues to grapple with its collective shadow in the form of modern day slavery. Although the problem of modern day slavery has many variables such as abject poverty, government corruption, war and its aftermath of displaced peoples, lost resources and the like, this production thesis employs an artistic-creative methodology and analysis to gain more insight into the cultural shadow that creates ripe conditions for slavery to exist. Additionally, the production and analysis explore how trauma and suicide can be inextricably linked once an individual has arrived at one's traumatic saturation point. In the screenplay, Haze (Wilson-Moreno, 2008), written for this thesis, many questions arise in looking at sex trafficking through the eyes of the story's protagonist, Josephine "Joey" Newankwo, an operative of a covert government agency on an international mission to capture and arrest an elusive sex trafficker. She is captured in the process and subjected to the same violations and abuses that many enslaved women endure. Like the others, Joey withstands literal and figurative blows that traumatize and propel her on a trajectory of uncertainty and destruction. Haze is an attempt to locate the intersection between trauma and suicide.

This thesis explores the psychospiritual connections between ancient matrilineal, goddess-worshipping cultures and the path of conscious femininity and individuation for women today. Matrilineal cultures and the prominent archetypes within them, including the sacred prostitute, are described, as well as their downfall. With the rise of patriarchy, the domination of left-brain functions and the belief in the separation of spirit and matter resulted in the subjugation and shaming of women and the feminine. Using hermeneutic and heuristic research, the author draws upon her experience growing up in the patriarchal culture of America. She explores her process of individuation, healing her relationship with her sexuality and the archetypal feminine through dream work and authentic movement. Her research demonstrates how this type of psychological work can assist in healing the intergenerational wounding the feminine has endured. This subject matter can be engaged clinically with male and female clients, families, and groups.

This thesis explores the power of fairy tale, myth, and story to illuminate archetypal images and processes and to bridge the gap between consciousness and the unconscious in order to help heal the wounds in women alienated from their own feminine nature in a culture where masculine values are dominant. Utilizing a heuristic and alchemical hermeneutic approach, it provides a review of the psychological literature of the unconscious, midlife as a time of transition, and the heroine’s journey required to reconnect with the self and rebalance the relationship with the masculine as part of the feminine individuation process. The thesis explores the author’s fascination with a fairy tale that mirrors her own healing path and demonstrates how the amplification and interpretation of the archetypal images, themes, and motifs of this fairy tale, The Singing Tree and the Talking Bird (Afanas’ev, c. 1864/1945), informs an understanding of the feminine individuation process.

Depth psychology graduate studies and thesis process are fraught with conflict and challenges. They can raise deep psychological issues and historical traumas within a student. Utilizing the heuristic methodology, this thesis is a memoir in two parts. The first part, in the form of a review of literature, follows the author's psychological developmental stages using the fairy tale of Hansel and Gretel as a template for the resource material, with a focus on depth psychology, self-psychology, addiction lays the background for the second part of the thesis, a production piece and existential theory. A review of trauma theory and neurological functioning in comprised of eight vignettes, narrated in the voice of a third person and illustrating the author's internal processes as the effects of trauma and other challenges unfold within her during the thesis process. The thesis also incorporates ten drawings by the author that represent a fallow period or block in the writing process.

She could have been a package of newspapers tied in a bundle or, more graphically, garbage left to be picked up and discarded. She could have been a day or a week old. Fortunately, she had a healthy pair of lungs and caught the attention of a passerby. She is one of the lucky ones. Taken to the nearby police station, this precious cargo was unwrapped. Inside lay a swaddled infant screaming with hunger; crying out for basic needs-to be held and cared for. There lay the daughter that I would come across the Pacific Ocean to collect three months hence. What basic rights make one human, and what considerations of these rights are important for adopted Chinese infants and their parents? This thesis explores this topic by following the stories of female Chinese adoptees, such as my daughter, and their families. Secondary questions raised by this research include, how is information stored in the collective unconscious and later retrieved across an ocean along the path towards individuation, and what phantoms of former family and culture exist in the unconscious? Past and current research is examined, personal reflections explored, and the results of an informal survey of parents of female Chinese infants, now ages 10-19 years, examined to shed light on the research questions in this interpretative and explanatory hermeneutic study. The topic of Chinese adoptees is relatively new and this study adds to a neophyte body of material available to the adopting parent or interested researcher. This thesis is also useful for therapists, illuminating knowledge of cultural and personal balancing Chinese adoptees undergo. The answers to the research questions require a deepening into the experience of time, place, and person. While brief, this journey shows that the transracial adoptee is truly a gift to her parents. Inherent to the gift are special considerations-individual basic human rights that can be regained. This journey is a personal journey, detailing the path that I have walked and helping illuminate the path I continue to walk with my own daughter, a budding teenager at the time of this writing.

Imagery is central to the individuation process and should be the focus of therapy, not just an adjunct to traditional talk therapy. The author explores studio practice as a model for a particularly soulful type of therapy which lends itself to a depth psychology approach.
Using a heuristic approach, the author takes an inquiry from her own life and works with the mediums of clay as well as watercolor paint to embark on an imaginal process. Active Imagination is demonstrated as a way to dialogue with the images that emerged and show how these imaginal encounters deepened the author's understanding of the imagery. Intuition and synchronicity are emphasized as an important part of this process.
The author's reflection on the meaning of the images and the process of producing them takes the reader on a journey through the worlds of imagery, intuition, and the use of art as a form of inquiry to engage the soul.

This thesis explores how committed romantic relationship with other feeds and nurtures relationship with one’s inner spiritual and psychic life. The research elucidates the unconscious psychological, emotional, and behavioral dynamics that have the potential to both disrupt and deepen relationship to one’s romantic partner as well as to one’s self. Toward this goal, the thesis includes a hermeneutic comparative discussion of classical Jungian and popular attachment-based couples therapy relationship theories. The author examines these theories heuristically in relation to his personal experience of a romantic partnership. The author’s applied experience and theory are further explored in an alchemical hermeneutic fashion through the medium of nighttime dream. The thesis finds that Jungian and attachment-based theories share common ground in their emphasis upon how dynamics within the parent–child relationship extend into adult romantic partnership, and often are expressed unconsciously. They differ with regard to the assignment of personal responsibility within relationship.

Clinical research indicates that pain is a complex and individualized phenomenon and that pain management strategy must take into account the individual patient, including the interaction of genetic, physiological, anatomical, neural, hormonal, psychological, lifestyle, pain history, life cycle, and sociocultural factors that change over a life span. A multicultural and multidisciplinary approach is presented for managing chronic physical pain and its emotional ramifications without the use of medication. Western and Chinese medical models and Western and Eastern psychology and philosophy are reviewed and compared. Fibromyalgia, neck pain, back pain, arthritis, temperomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, headache, and migraine are discussed along with the possible involvement of female hormones with pain syndrome. The author describes managing her fibromyalgia without medication while incorporating traditional Chinese medicine and Buddhist principles and practices. The information is useful for chronic pain patients, caregivers, medical professionals, psychotherapists, and the public..

This thesis examines the relationship dynamics of the adult male who has been
separated from his birthmother at infancy and adopted into a permanent home. It
hypothesizes that although there is no long-term memory available to the infant at the
time of separation, the organism maintains a psychic impression of the loss, which
remains unconscious throughout the individual’s lifetime. The missing birthmother
becomes the center of a complex of unconscious feeling-toned contents, which become
constellated in relationships with women in adult life and projected onto the real female
partner. In order to prevent the unconscious projection of the complex into relationships,
the loss of the birthmother must be acknowledged and grieved. This thesis uses a
heuristic method of investigation with the author’s personal history as the main source of
data, to uncover the etiology and affects of the complex on the adult personality.

This thesis, through heuristic and artistic-creative modalities, explores embodiment in the intersection of Merleau-Ponty’s sensuous phenomenology and depth psychology’s archetypal feminine. The research argues that illness evokes or re-members the often unconscious relationship with the body that is the legacy of Cartesian dualism. The author references her own experience with multiple sclerosis to found the premise of the work—that meaning making of self and world is done through and by way of one’s perceiving body. As illness shifts the taken-for-granted sedimentations of the lived body, in tandem a new lived body and surrounding world must be oriented to and made meaningful. Following a scholarly inquiry of Merleau-Ponty and the archetypal feminine, three art pieces are presented. Based upon radical reflection, the art represents the author’s embodied coinherence with her surroundings, and points to conclusions and principles to bear in mind while working clinically with the chronically ill.

This thesis presents a hermeneutic exploration of the ways in which the motherdaughter
relationship effects eating disorders in women. Psychoanalytic and self
psychological theories are evaluated and related to the author’s personal experience with
eating disorders. Findings suggest that disturbances in the mother’s ability to respond and
attune to the daughter’s evolving emotional states results in vulnerabilities to eating
disorders in the daughter. Exploration of these disturbances helps to explain (a) gender
bias in eating disorders, (b) the tendency for women to identify the ultrathin cultural
standards of beauty as their own, and (c) the reason that women develop eating disorders
in response to conflicting role demands. The author concludes that eating disorders at
large, and particularly as influenced by the mother, live in the shadows of the culture.
Healing may occur with the illumination and reparation of the injuries resulting from
disturbances in the relationship between the daughter and mother.

American adolescents receive messages from conservative cultural currents advocating sexual abstinence at the same time that sexual images are proliferating in the media. Caught in this confusing dilemma many teenagers are suffering the consequences of engaging in sexual activity without the benefits of loving relationships or protections from predators, assault, or disease. This thesis seeks to understand how adults can create a safer, more integrated context in which to discuss sexuality with adolescents. It engages a hermeneutic exploration of sex education in schools, the teenage psyche, the sociocultural milieu, sexuality, spirituality, and the cultural shadow that distorts our relationship with sexuality. Approached from a depth psychological perspective, oppression and repression of the feminine relational and feeling functions in both genders was found at the heart of problems surrounding adolescent sexual experience. Reintegrating the feminine is essential to promoting healthy sexuality as a function of intimacy and wholeness.

Unconscious features of modern Western Civilization and individualism have generated a gradual disconnection to nature, and contributed to an increase in neurosis and psychological suffering. Human consciousness has experienced a pervasive sense of alienation due to an overemphasis on the notion of independence. Historical changes in consciousness and ensuing worldviews are examined. Jungian, transpersonal, and ecopsychological perspectives highlight the reciprocal human relationship to nature. A qualitative phenomenological research methodology is used to explore how consciousness is altered in nature. An account of the author’s alchemical hermeneutics demonstrates the experience of merger and immersion in nature. Reflections upon a felt-sense of connection to nature, reveals a shift from limited ego-consciousness to an expanded sense of oneness, facilitating an approach to the Self. Insights shed light on the interconnection of psyche and nature, the interdependence of all life, and the psychological benefits of immersion in nature.

Using a hermeneutic approach, this study juxtaposes different types of texts to examine excessive gambling as experienced by women in middle adulthood and discusses them as part of a personal quest for meaning and authenticity in the age of chance. The leading characteristic of the age of chance is a feeling of randomness that has replaced the sacred and the profane/rational orientations to life of previous times. In this respect, pathological or compulsive gambling, which until recently was categorized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as “an impulse disorder” and now is treated as a “non-substance-related” addiction, can also be understood as the rite of passage par excellence of a time and place that offers few constants and many unknowns to women and men alike.

The experience of shame elicited from a fractured father-daughter relationship in a woman’s life can be detrimental to her psychological and emotional well-being. This thesis incorporates heuristic methodology to examine the complex issues associated with the manifestation of shame. The research reveals that shame is internalized by a woman and becomes a deeper part of her psyche and her relationship with her own masculine principles, referred to as animus. This experience of father-daughter shame is explored through the author’s personal narrative. It is found that the incorporation of a depth psychological approach using myth and fairy tales within the therapeutic setting brings understanding and healing to one’s wounding stemming from father-daughter shame. The clinical implications of working with shame are presented in this work along with suggested interventions that may assist clinicians in helping women recognize and cope with shame.

This thesis considers the link between psyche and soma and the danger that can occur when these entities are not in conscious dialogue with one another. Moving the body, the author posits, unlocks knowledge stored within that body and serves as a powerful bridge between the two energy centers of mind and body. The potential result is self-transformation and healing as experienced through increased mental and emotional health. The awakening of one's creativity, in addition to increases in spontaneity, are posited as important byproducts of this work. A heuristic methodology is employed with examples from the author's personal journal, poetry, and process art provided for illustration. Authentic movement practice is explored as a movement vehicle within the larger framework of Jungian analytical psychology and the principles of Winnicottian theory.

By Laura E. Young
The current dualistic paradigm either treats a client's mind or body, rarely both at
the same time. This thesis utilizes heuristic methodology to describe a body-mind
therapeutic approach which provided depth psychotherapeutic support for material which
arose during deep tissue structural integration bodywork. Emotional releases often occur
as the client is receiving bodywork treatment, and images may arise in response to work
done in specific locations on the body. The therapeutic potential exists for this material to
inform the client's relationship with the body and its unique imaginal language. The
ethical issues around touch have become a barrier for psychotherapists who wish to
explore or develop somatic techniques involving touch. A review of the literature
indicates a need to re-evaluate the traditional mind-body split. Preliminary findings of the
research also indicate that integrating psychotherapeutic support provides a benefit to the
client in addition to the bodywork results.

Both hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies are used in this thesis to explore the role of synchronicity in healing and in the therapeutic process. Current Jungian literature regarding the hwnan self (or hwnan experience), the soul, and the interrelationship of the two is reviewed, along with current science regarding consciousness and its relationship with spirit. The problem this thesis addresses is the suffering caused by disconnection between the human self and the soul due to the distractions of the material world. Synchronicity is found to be the common denominator and meeting place where the human self and the soul can inform each other, which is considered to be a necessary component on a path of healing and individuation.

The collective soul is proposed as a theory that seeks to explain and give meaning to the strong connections between and among individuals and families in intense emotional relationships. A heuristic methodology is utilized in this theoretical study in an attempt to demonstrate the existence of the collective soul through the lenses of depth psychology, the family systems theory of Murray Bowen, and the developmental theory of Erik Erikson. The theory posits that relationships create something that is more than the sum of their parts: the collective soul. This soul exists alongside the individual souls of those in the relationship that created it, goes through developmental stages that are similar to that of an individual, and should be considered in the treatment room when working with systems. In addition to Bowen and Erikson, the writings of C. G. Jung, James Hillman, and Edward Edinger are considered with regard to a depth psychological viewpoint on soul and the collective soul. Interventions which seek to make unconscious material conscious and which are often associated with child therapy&mdash;serial drawing, sandplay, and storytelling&mdash;are considered in the treatment of the collective soul.

This thesis seeks to explore various facets of the mother archetype through the
psyches of modern mothers. The mother archetype, like all archetypes, is an incorporeal
entity only taking form through projection onto imagery. Therefore, this thesis uses a
phenomenological research method entitled the Image-Dialogue Process study, designed
by the author, to explore the mother archetype through the drawn images and subsequent
narratives of 20 mothers of varying ages, ethnicities, and socioeconomic statuses.
The research revealed that while there are universal characteristics of the
archetypal mother living in the psyches of contemporary mothers, the expression of this
archetype is heavily influenced by personal experiences of the individual. Consequently,
when a description of the archetype was sought, an individual’s personal narrative was
revealed. This study concludes exploring the mother archetype enables one’s personal
narrative and unconscious material to surface in creative expression and dialogue,
accomplishing the goal of generating greater self-awareness.

This thesis explores the potential of clown workshops for personal transformation from an analytical perspective with the use of a qualitative phenomenological methodology. Based on C. G. Jung's conception of the clown as a manifestation of the shadow, the study addresses the following questions: What is the lived experience of participating in Bola Roja clown workshops? How does it allow for transformation? How does it allow for integration of dark aspects of the personality into consciousness? The study concludes, by way of analysis of interviews with participants, that Bola Roja clown workshops can be a vessel for personal transformation. Through clown play, unconscious emotions and conflicts are autonomously expressed and progressively accepted as part of the shared vulnerable condition of humanity, not as moral problems of flawed individuals. Clown workshops may be an adjunct or alternative to traditional talk therapy.

This thesis uses general family therapy concepts, Bowen's (1966) family systems theory, and structural family theory (Minuchin, 1974) to analyze Freud's (1905/1963) case of Dora. The study uses a qualitative, hermeneutic methodology to examine how a family systems understanding of the case may assist in seeing the multigenerational patterns, dynamics, roles, and subsystems among Dora and her family. In addition, taking a depth perspective, the study explores how a family systems understanding of the case might improve or hinder efforts to find the soul in Dora's pathologizing. The clinical findings suggest a credible and new understanding of the case of Dora. Moreover, an assessment of Dora's family from a family systems perspective reveals how Dora's symptoms may be a mere snapshot of deeper familial issues.

This thesis explores how women somatically experience the emotions of anger, sadness, and joy. Using phenomenological, artistic-creative, and heuristic methodologies, this production thesis validates the value of experiencing emotion not only as a mental recognition, but as a somatic awareness as well. This multifaceted emotional experience is depicted in a video production observing seven women who are guided through relaxation and body scans. These exercises serve as the platform for the creation of bodymaps (simple outlines of the women's bodies) on which the somatic experiences of these emotions are depicted. This thesis aims to demonstrate that emotion exists and manifests itself in various ways, allowing one to meet emotion with curiosity rather than with immediate judgment. In addition, this thesis validates that every person experiences emotion in unique ways. The research clearly establishes that taking a mind-body approach in the personal as well as therapeutic framework is of great value.

/***
|''Name:''|ForEachTiddlerPlugin|
|''Version:''|1.0.8 (2007-04-12)|
|''Source:''|http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de/#ForEachTiddlerPlugin|
|''Author:''|UdoBorkowski (ub [at] abego-software [dot] de)|
|''Licence:''|[[BSD open source license (abego Software)|http://www.abego-software.de/legal/apl-v10.html]]|
|''Copyright:''|&copy; 2005-2007 [[abego Software|http://www.abego-software.de]]|
|''TiddlyWiki:''|1.2.38+, 2.0|
|''Browser:''|Firefox 1.0.4+; Firefox 1.5; InternetExplorer 6.0|
!Description

Create customizable lists, tables etc. for your selections of tiddlers. Specify the tiddlers to include and their order through a powerful language.

''Syntax:'' 
|>|{{{<<}}}''forEachTiddler'' [''in'' //tiddlyWikiPath//] [''where'' //whereCondition//] [''sortBy'' //sortExpression// [''ascending'' //or// ''descending'']] [''script'' //scriptText//] [//action// [//actionParameters//]]{{{>>}}}|
|//tiddlyWikiPath//|The filepath to the TiddlyWiki the macro should work on. When missing the current TiddlyWiki is used.|
|//whereCondition//|(quoted) JavaScript boolean expression. May refer to the build-in variables {{{tiddler}}} and  {{{context}}}.|
|//sortExpression//|(quoted) JavaScript expression returning "comparable" objects (using '{{{<}}}','{{{>}}}','{{{==}}}'. May refer to the build-in variables {{{tiddler}}} and  {{{context}}}.|
|//scriptText//|(quoted) JavaScript text. Typically defines JavaScript functions that are called by the various JavaScript expressions (whereClause, sortClause, action arguments,...)|
|//action//|The action that should be performed on every selected tiddler, in the given order. By default the actions [[addToList|AddToListAction]] and [[write|WriteAction]] are supported. When no action is specified [[addToList|AddToListAction]]  is used.|
|//actionParameters//|(action specific) parameters the action may refer while processing the tiddlers (see action descriptions for details). <<tiddler [[JavaScript in actionParameters]]>>|
|>|~~Syntax formatting: Keywords in ''bold'', optional parts in [...]. 'or' means that exactly one of the two alternatives must exist.~~|

See details see [[ForEachTiddlerMacro]] and [[ForEachTiddlerExamples]].

!Revision history
* v1.0.8 (2007-04-12)
** Adapted to latest TiddlyWiki 2.2 Beta importTiddlyWiki API (introduced with changeset 2004). TiddlyWiki 2.2 Beta builds prior to changeset 2004 are no longer supported (but TiddlyWiki 2.1 and earlier, of cause)
* v1.0.7 (2007-03-28)
** Also support "pre" formatted TiddlyWikis (introduced with TW 2.2) (when using "in" clause to work on external tiddlers)
* v1.0.6 (2006-09-16)
** Context provides "viewerTiddler", i.e. the tiddler used to view the macro. Most times this is equal to the "inTiddler", but when using the "tiddler" macro both may be different.
** Support "begin", "end" and "none" expressions in "write" action
* v1.0.5 (2006-02-05)
** Pass tiddler containing the macro with wikify, context object also holds reference to tiddler containing the macro ("inTiddler"). Thanks to SimonBaird.
** Support Firefox 1.5.0.1
** Internal
*** Make "JSLint" conform
*** "Only install once"
* v1.0.4 (2006-01-06)
** Support TiddlyWiki 2.0
* v1.0.3 (2005-12-22)
** Features: 
*** Write output to a file supports multi-byte environments (Thanks to Bram Chen) 
*** Provide API to access the forEachTiddler functionality directly through JavaScript (see getTiddlers and performMacro)
** Enhancements:
*** Improved error messages on InternetExplorer.
* v1.0.2 (2005-12-10)
** Features: 
*** context object also holds reference to store (TiddlyWiki)
** Fixed Bugs: 
*** ForEachTiddler 1.0.1 has broken support on win32 Opera 8.51 (Thanks to BrunoSabin for reporting)
* v1.0.1 (2005-12-08)
** Features: 
*** Access tiddlers stored in separated TiddlyWikis through the "in" option. I.e. you are no longer limited to only work on the "current TiddlyWiki".
*** Write output to an external file using the "toFile" option of the "write" action. With this option you may write your customized tiddler exports.
*** Use the "script" section to define "helper" JavaScript functions etc. to be used in the various JavaScript expressions (whereClause, sortClause, action arguments,...).
*** Access and store context information for the current forEachTiddler invocation (through the build-in "context" object) .
*** Improved script evaluation (for where/sort clause and write scripts).
* v1.0.0 (2005-11-20)
** initial version

!Code
***/
//{{{

	
//============================================================================
//============================================================================
//		   ForEachTiddlerPlugin
//============================================================================
//============================================================================

// Only install once
if (!version.extensions.ForEachTiddlerPlugin) {

if (!window.abego) window.abego = {};

version.extensions.ForEachTiddlerPlugin = {
	major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 8, 
	date: new Date(2007,3,12), 
	source: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de/#ForEachTiddlerPlugin",
	licence: "[[BSD open source license (abego Software)|http://www.abego-software.de/legal/apl-v10.html]]",
	copyright: "Copyright (c) abego Software GmbH, 2005-2007 (www.abego-software.de)"
};

// For backward compatibility with TW 1.2.x
//
if (!TiddlyWiki.prototype.forEachTiddler) {
	TiddlyWiki.prototype.forEachTiddler = function(callback) {
		for(var t in this.tiddlers) {
			callback.call(this,t,this.tiddlers[t]);
		}
	};
}

//============================================================================
// forEachTiddler Macro
//============================================================================

version.extensions.forEachTiddler = {
	major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 8, date: new Date(2007,3,12), provider: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de"};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Configurations and constants 
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

config.macros.forEachTiddler = {
	 // Standard Properties
	 label: "forEachTiddler",
	 prompt: "Perform actions on a (sorted) selection of tiddlers",

	 // actions
	 actions: {
		 addToList: {},
		 write: {}
	 }
};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  The forEachTiddler Macro Handler 
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

config.macros.forEachTiddler.getContainingTiddler = function(e) {
	while(e && !hasClass(e,"tiddler"))
		e = e.parentNode;
	var title = e ? e.getAttribute("tiddler") : null; 
	return title ? store.getTiddler(title) : null;
};

config.macros.forEachTiddler.handler = function(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler) {
	// config.macros.forEachTiddler.traceMacroCall(place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler);

	if (!tiddler) tiddler = config.macros.forEachTiddler.getContainingTiddler(place);
	// --- Parsing ------------------------------------------

	var i = 0; // index running over the params
	// Parse the "in" clause
	var tiddlyWikiPath = undefined;
	if ((i < params.length) && params[i] == "in") {
		i++;
		if (i >= params.length) {
			this.handleError(place, "TiddlyWiki path expected behind 'in'.");
			return;
		}
		tiddlyWikiPath = this.paramEncode((i < params.length) ? params[i] : "");
		i++;
	}

	// Parse the where clause
	var whereClause ="true";
	if ((i < params.length) && params[i] == "where") {
		i++;
		whereClause = this.paramEncode((i < params.length) ? params[i] : "");
		i++;
	}

	// Parse the sort stuff
	var sortClause = null;
	var sortAscending = true; 
	if ((i < params.length) && params[i] == "sortBy") {
		i++;
		if (i >= params.length) {
			this.handleError(place, "sortClause missing behind 'sortBy'.");
			return;
		}
		sortClause = this.paramEncode(params[i]);
		i++;

		if ((i < params.length) && (params[i] == "ascending" || params[i] == "descending")) {
			 sortAscending = params[i] == "ascending";
			 i++;
		}
	}

	// Parse the script
	var scriptText = null;
	if ((i < params.length) && params[i] == "script") {
		i++;
		scriptText = this.paramEncode((i < params.length) ? params[i] : "");
		i++;
	}

	// Parse the action. 
	// When we are already at the end use the default action
	var actionName = "addToList";
	if (i < params.length) {
	   if (!config.macros.forEachTiddler.actions[params[i]]) {
			this.handleError(place, "Unknown action '"+params[i]+"'.");
			return;
		} else {
			actionName = params[i]; 
			i++;
		}
	} 
	
	// Get the action parameter
	// (the parsing is done inside the individual action implementation.)
	var actionParameter = params.slice(i);


	// --- Processing ------------------------------------------
	try {
		this.performMacro({
				place: place, 
				inTiddler: tiddler,
				whereClause: whereClause, 
				sortClause: sortClause, 
				sortAscending: sortAscending, 
				actionName: actionName, 
				actionParameter: actionParameter, 
				scriptText: scriptText, 
				tiddlyWikiPath: tiddlyWikiPath});

	} catch (e) {
		this.handleError(place, e);
	}
};

// Returns an object with properties "tiddlers" and "context".
// tiddlers holds the (sorted) tiddlers selected by the parameter,
// context the context of the execution of the macro.
//
// The action is not yet performed.
//
// @parameter see performMacro
//
config.macros.forEachTiddler.getTiddlersAndContext = function(parameter) {

	var context = config.macros.forEachTiddler.createContext(parameter.place, parameter.whereClause, parameter.sortClause, parameter.sortAscending, parameter.actionName, parameter.actionParameter, parameter.scriptText, parameter.tiddlyWikiPath, parameter.inTiddler);

	var tiddlyWiki = parameter.tiddlyWikiPath ? this.loadTiddlyWiki(parameter.tiddlyWikiPath) : store;
	context["tiddlyWiki"] = tiddlyWiki;
	
	// Get the tiddlers, as defined by the whereClause
	var tiddlers = this.findTiddlers(parameter.whereClause, context, tiddlyWiki);
	context["tiddlers"] = tiddlers;

	// Sort the tiddlers, when sorting is required.
	if (parameter.sortClause) {
		this.sortTiddlers(tiddlers, parameter.sortClause, parameter.sortAscending, context);
	}

	return {tiddlers: tiddlers, context: context};
};

// Returns the (sorted) tiddlers selected by the parameter.
//
// The action is not yet performed.
//
// @parameter see performMacro
//
config.macros.forEachTiddler.getTiddlers = function(parameter) {
	return this.getTiddlersAndContext(parameter).tiddlers;
};

// Performs the macros with the given parameter.
//
// @param parameter holds the parameter of the macro as separate properties.
//				  The following properties are supported:
//
//						place
//						whereClause
//						sortClause
//						sortAscending
//						actionName
//						actionParameter
//						scriptText
//						tiddlyWikiPath
//
//					All properties are optional. 
//					For most actions the place property must be defined.
//
config.macros.forEachTiddler.performMacro = function(parameter) {
	var tiddlersAndContext = this.getTiddlersAndContext(parameter);

	// Perform the action
	var actionName = parameter.actionName ? parameter.actionName : "addToList";
	var action = config.macros.forEachTiddler.actions[actionName];
	if (!action) {
		this.handleError(parameter.place, "Unknown action '"+actionName+"'.");
		return;
	}

	var actionHandler = action.handler;
	actionHandler(parameter.place, tiddlersAndContext.tiddlers, parameter.actionParameter, tiddlersAndContext.context);
};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  The actions 
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Internal.
//
// --- The addToList Action -----------------------------------------------
//
config.macros.forEachTiddler.actions.addToList.handler = function(place, tiddlers, parameter, context) {
	// Parse the parameter
	var p = 0;

	// Check for extra parameters
	if (parameter.length > p) {
		config.macros.forEachTiddler.createExtraParameterErrorElement(place, "addToList", parameter, p);
		return;
	}

	// Perform the action.
	var list = document.createElement("ul");
	place.appendChild(list);
	for (var i = 0; i < tiddlers.length; i++) {
		var tiddler = tiddlers[i];
		var listItem = document.createElement("li");
		list.appendChild(listItem);
		createTiddlyLink(listItem, tiddler.title, true);
	}
};

abego.parseNamedParameter = function(name, parameter, i) {
	var beginExpression = null;
	if ((i < parameter.length) && parameter[i] == name) {
		i++;
		if (i >= parameter.length) {
			throw "Missing text behind '%0'".format([name]);
		}
		
		return config.macros.forEachTiddler.paramEncode(parameter[i]);
	}
	return null;
}

// Internal.
//
// --- The write Action ---------------------------------------------------
//
config.macros.forEachTiddler.actions.write.handler = function(place, tiddlers, parameter, context) {
	// Parse the parameter
	var p = 0;
	if (p >= parameter.length) {
		this.handleError(place, "Missing expression behind 'write'.");
		return;
	}

	var textExpression = config.macros.forEachTiddler.paramEncode(parameter[p]);
	p++;

	// Parse the "begin" option
	var beginExpression = abego.parseNamedParameter("begin", parameter, p);
	if (beginExpression !== null) 
		p += 2;
	var endExpression = abego.parseNamedParameter("end", parameter, p);
	if (endExpression !== null) 
		p += 2;
	var noneExpression = abego.parseNamedParameter("none", parameter, p);
	if (noneExpression !== null) 
		p += 2;

	// Parse the "toFile" option
	var filename = null;
	var lineSeparator = undefined;
	if ((p < parameter.length) && parameter[p] == "toFile") {
		p++;
		if (p >= parameter.length) {
			this.handleError(place, "Filename expected behind 'toFile' of 'write' action.");
			return;
		}
		
		filename = config.macros.forEachTiddler.getLocalPath(config.macros.forEachTiddler.paramEncode(parameter[p]));
		p++;
		if ((p < parameter.length) && parameter[p] == "withLineSeparator") {
			p++;
			if (p >= parameter.length) {
				this.handleError(place, "Line separator text expected behind 'withLineSeparator' of 'write' action.");
				return;
			}
			lineSeparator = config.macros.forEachTiddler.paramEncode(parameter[p]);
			p++;
		}
	}
	
	// Check for extra parameters
	if (parameter.length > p) {
		config.macros.forEachTiddler.createExtraParameterErrorElement(place, "write", parameter, p);
		return;
	}

	// Perform the action.
	var func = config.macros.forEachTiddler.getEvalTiddlerFunction(textExpression, context);
	var count = tiddlers.length;
	var text = "";
	if (count > 0 && beginExpression)
		text += config.macros.forEachTiddler.getEvalTiddlerFunction(beginExpression, context)(undefined, context, count, undefined);
	
	for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) {
		var tiddler = tiddlers[i];
		text += func(tiddler, context, count, i);
	}
	
	if (count > 0 && endExpression)
		text += config.macros.forEachTiddler.getEvalTiddlerFunction(endExpression, context)(undefined, context, count, undefined);

	if (count == 0 && noneExpression) 
		text += config.macros.forEachTiddler.getEvalTiddlerFunction(noneExpression, context)(undefined, context, count, undefined);
		

	if (filename) {
		if (lineSeparator !== undefined) {
			lineSeparator = lineSeparator.replace(/\\n/mg, "\n").replace(/\\r/mg, "\r");
			text = text.replace(/\n/mg,lineSeparator);
		}
		saveFile(filename, convertUnicodeToUTF8(text));
	} else {
		var wrapper = createTiddlyElement(place, "span");
		wikify(text, wrapper, null/* highlightRegExp */, context.inTiddler);
	}
};


// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//  Helpers
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Internal.
//
config.macros.forEachTiddler.createContext = function(placeParam, whereClauseParam, sortClauseParam, sortAscendingParam, actionNameParam, actionParameterParam, scriptText, tiddlyWikiPathParam, inTiddlerParam) {
	return {
		place : placeParam, 
		whereClause : whereClauseParam, 
		sortClause : sortClauseParam, 
		sortAscending : sortAscendingParam, 
		script : scriptText,
		actionName : actionNameParam, 
		actionParameter : actionParameterParam,
		tiddlyWikiPath : tiddlyWikiPathParam,
		inTiddler : inTiddlerParam, // the tiddler containing the <<forEachTiddler ...>> macro call.
		viewerTiddler : config.macros.forEachTiddler.getContainingTiddler(placeParam) // the tiddler showing the forEachTiddler result
	};
};

// Internal.
//
// Returns a TiddlyWiki with the tiddlers loaded from the TiddlyWiki of 
// the given path.
//
config.macros.forEachTiddler.loadTiddlyWiki = function(path, idPrefix) {
	if (!idPrefix) {
		idPrefix = "store";
	}
	var lenPrefix = idPrefix.length;
	
	// Read the content of the given file
	var content = loadFile(this.getLocalPath(path));
	if(content === null) {
		throw "TiddlyWiki '"+path+"' not found.";
	}
	
	var tiddlyWiki = new TiddlyWiki();

	// Starting with TW 2.2 there is a helper function to import the tiddlers
	if (tiddlyWiki.importTiddlyWiki) {
		if (!tiddlyWiki.importTiddlyWiki(content))
			throw "File '"+path+"' is not a TiddlyWiki.";
		tiddlyWiki.dirty = false;
		return tiddlyWiki;
	}
	
	// The legacy code, for TW < 2.2
	
	// Locate the storeArea div's
	var posOpeningDiv = content.indexOf(startSaveArea);
	var posClosingDiv = content.lastIndexOf(endSaveArea);
	if((posOpeningDiv == -1) || (posClosingDiv == -1)) {
		throw "File '"+path+"' is not a TiddlyWiki.";
	}
	var storageText = content.substr(posOpeningDiv + startSaveArea.length, posClosingDiv);
	
	// Create a "div" element that contains the storage text
	var myStorageDiv = document.createElement("div");
	myStorageDiv.innerHTML = storageText;
	myStorageDiv.normalize();
	
	// Create all tiddlers in a new TiddlyWiki
	// (following code is modified copy of TiddlyWiki.prototype.loadFromDiv)
	var store = myStorageDiv.childNodes;
	for(var t = 0; t < store.length; t++) {
		var e = store[t];
		var title = null;
		if(e.getAttribute)
			title = e.getAttribute("tiddler");
		if(!title && e.id && e.id.substr(0,lenPrefix) == idPrefix)
			title = e.id.substr(lenPrefix);
		if(title && title !== "") {
			var tiddler = tiddlyWiki.createTiddler(title);
			tiddler.loadFromDiv(e,title);
		}
	}
	tiddlyWiki.dirty = false;

	return tiddlyWiki;
};


	
// Internal.
//
// Returns a function that has a function body returning the given javaScriptExpression.
// The function has the parameters:
// 
//	 (tiddler, context, count, index)
//
config.macros.forEachTiddler.getEvalTiddlerFunction = function (javaScriptExpression, context) {
	var script = context["script"];
	var functionText = "var theFunction = function(tiddler, context, count, index) { return "+javaScriptExpression+"}";
	var fullText = (script ? script+";" : "")+functionText+";theFunction;";
	return eval(fullText);
};

// Internal.
//
config.macros.forEachTiddler.findTiddlers = function(whereClause, context, tiddlyWiki) {
	var result = [];
	var func = config.macros.forEachTiddler.getEvalTiddlerFunction(whereClause, context);
	tiddlyWiki.forEachTiddler(function(title,tiddler) {
		if (func(tiddler, context, undefined, undefined)) {
			result.push(tiddler);
		}
	});
	return result;
};

// Internal.
//
config.macros.forEachTiddler.createExtraParameterErrorElement = function(place, actionName, parameter, firstUnusedIndex) {
	var message = "Extra parameter behind '"+actionName+"':";
	for (var i = firstUnusedIndex; i < parameter.length; i++) {
		message += " "+parameter[i];
	}
	this.handleError(place, message);
};

// Internal.
//
config.macros.forEachTiddler.sortAscending = function(tiddlerA, tiddlerB) {
	var result = 
		(tiddlerA.forEachTiddlerSortValue == tiddlerB.forEachTiddlerSortValue) 
			? 0
			: (tiddlerA.forEachTiddlerSortValue < tiddlerB.forEachTiddlerSortValue)
			   ? -1 
			   : +1; 
	return result;
};

// Internal.
//
config.macros.forEachTiddler.sortDescending = function(tiddlerA, tiddlerB) {
	var result = 
		(tiddlerA.forEachTiddlerSortValue == tiddlerB.forEachTiddlerSortValue) 
			? 0
			: (tiddlerA.forEachTiddlerSortValue < tiddlerB.forEachTiddlerSortValue)
			   ? +1 
			   : -1; 
	return result;
};

// Internal.
//
config.macros.forEachTiddler.sortTiddlers = function(tiddlers, sortClause, ascending, context) {
	// To avoid evaluating the sortClause whenever two items are compared 
	// we pre-calculate the sortValue for every item in the array and store it in a 
	// temporary property ("forEachTiddlerSortValue") of the tiddlers.
	var func = config.macros.forEachTiddler.getEvalTiddlerFunction(sortClause, context);
	var count = tiddlers.length;
	var i;
	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
		var tiddler = tiddlers[i];
		tiddler.forEachTiddlerSortValue = func(tiddler,context, undefined, undefined);
	}

	// Do the sorting
	tiddlers.sort(ascending ? this.sortAscending : this.sortDescending);

	// Delete the temporary property that holds the sortValue.	
	for (i = 0; i < tiddlers.length; i++) {
		delete tiddlers[i].forEachTiddlerSortValue;
	}
};


// Internal.
//
config.macros.forEachTiddler.trace = function(message) {
	displayMessage(message);
};

// Internal.
//
config.macros.forEachTiddler.traceMacroCall = function(place,macroName,params) {
	var message ="<<"+macroName;
	for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
		message += " "+params[i];
	}
	message += ">>";
	displayMessage(message);
};


// Internal.
//
// Creates an element that holds an error message
// 
config.macros.forEachTiddler.createErrorElement = function(place, exception) {
	var message = (exception.description) ? exception.description : exception.toString();
	return createTiddlyElement(place,"span",null,"forEachTiddlerError","<<forEachTiddler ...>>: "+message);
};

// Internal.
//
// @param place [may be null]
//
config.macros.forEachTiddler.handleError = function(place, exception) {
	if (place) {
		this.createErrorElement(place, exception);
	} else {
		throw exception;
	}
};

// Internal.
//
// Encodes the given string.
//
// Replaces 
//	 "$))" to ">>"
//	 "$)" to ">"
//
config.macros.forEachTiddler.paramEncode = function(s) {
	var reGTGT = new RegExp("\\$\\)\\)","mg");
	var reGT = new RegExp("\\$\\)","mg");
	return s.replace(reGTGT, ">>").replace(reGT, ">");
};

// Internal.
//
// Returns the given original path (that is a file path, starting with "file:")
// as a path to a local file, in the systems native file format.
//
// Location information in the originalPath (i.e. the "#" and stuff following)
// is stripped.
// 
config.macros.forEachTiddler.getLocalPath = function(originalPath) {
	// Remove any location part of the URL
	var hashPos = originalPath.indexOf("#");
	if(hashPos != -1)
		originalPath = originalPath.substr(0,hashPos);
	// Convert to a native file format assuming
	// "file:///x:/path/path/path..." - pc local file --> "x:\path\path\path..."
	// "file://///server/share/path/path/path..." - FireFox pc network file --> "\\server\share\path\path\path..."
	// "file:///path/path/path..." - mac/unix local file --> "/path/path/path..."
	// "file://server/share/path/path/path..." - pc network file --> "\\server\share\path\path\path..."
	var localPath;
	if(originalPath.charAt(9) == ":") // pc local file
		localPath = unescape(originalPath.substr(8)).replace(new RegExp("/","g"),"\\");
	else if(originalPath.indexOf("file://///") === 0) // FireFox pc network file
		localPath = "\\\\" + unescape(originalPath.substr(10)).replace(new RegExp("/","g"),"\\");
	else if(originalPath.indexOf("file:///") === 0) // mac/unix local file
		localPath = unescape(originalPath.substr(7));
	else if(originalPath.indexOf("file:/") === 0) // mac/unix local file
		localPath = unescape(originalPath.substr(5));
	else // pc network file
		localPath = "\\\\" + unescape(originalPath.substr(7)).replace(new RegExp("/","g"),"\\");	
	return localPath;
};

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Stylesheet Extensions (may be overridden by local StyleSheet)
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
setStylesheet(
	".forEachTiddlerError{color: #ffffff;background-color: #880000;}",
	"forEachTiddler");

//============================================================================
// End of forEachTiddler Macro
//============================================================================


//============================================================================
// String.startsWith Function
//============================================================================
//
// Returns true if the string starts with the given prefix, false otherwise.
//
version.extensions["String.startsWith"] = {major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 0, date: new Date(2005,11,20), provider: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de"};
//
String.prototype.startsWith = function(prefix) {
	var n =  prefix.length;
	return (this.length >= n) && (this.slice(0, n) == prefix);
};



//============================================================================
// String.endsWith Function
//============================================================================
//
// Returns true if the string ends with the given suffix, false otherwise.
//
version.extensions["String.endsWith"] = {major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 0, date: new Date(2005,11,20), provider: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de"};
//
String.prototype.endsWith = function(suffix) {
	var n = suffix.length;
	return (this.length >= n) && (this.right(n) == suffix);
};


//============================================================================
// String.contains Function
//============================================================================
//
// Returns true when the string contains the given substring, false otherwise.
//
version.extensions["String.contains"] = {major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 0, date: new Date(2005,11,20), provider: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de"};
//
String.prototype.contains = function(substring) {
	return this.indexOf(substring) >= 0;
};

//============================================================================
// Array.indexOf Function
//============================================================================
//
// Returns the index of the first occurance of the given item in the array or 
// -1 when no such item exists.
//
// @param item [may be null]
//
version.extensions["Array.indexOf"] = {major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 0, date: new Date(2005,11,20), provider: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de"};
//
Array.prototype.indexOf = function(item) {
	for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
		if (this[i] == item) {
			return i;
		}
	}
	return -1;
};

//============================================================================
// Array.contains Function
//============================================================================
//
// Returns true when the array contains the given item, otherwise false. 
//
// @param item [may be null]
//
version.extensions["Array.contains"] = {major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 0, date: new Date(2005,11,20), provider: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de"};
//
Array.prototype.contains = function(item) {
	return (this.indexOf(item) >= 0);
};

//============================================================================
// Array.containsAny Function
//============================================================================
//
// Returns true when the array contains at least one of the elements 
// of the item. Otherwise (or when items contains no elements) false is returned.
//
version.extensions["Array.containsAny"] = {major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 0, date: new Date(2005,11,20), provider: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de"};
//
Array.prototype.containsAny = function(items) {
	for(var i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
		if (this.contains(items[i])) {
			return true;
		}
	}
	return false;
};


//============================================================================
// Array.containsAll Function
//============================================================================
//
// Returns true when the array contains all the items, otherwise false.
// 
// When items is null false is returned (even if the array contains a null).
//
// @param items [may be null] 
//
version.extensions["Array.containsAll"] = {major: 1, minor: 0, revision: 0, date: new Date(2005,11,20), provider: "http://tiddlywiki.abego-software.de"};
//
Array.prototype.containsAll = function(items) {
	for(var i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
		if (!this.contains(items[i])) {
			return false;
		}
	}
	return true;
};


} // of "install only once"

// Used Globals (for JSLint) ==============
// ... DOM
/*global 	document */
// ... TiddlyWiki Core
/*global 	convertUnicodeToUTF8, createTiddlyElement, createTiddlyLink, 
			displayMessage, endSaveArea, hasClass, loadFile, saveFile, 
			startSaveArea, store, wikify */
//}}}


/***
!Licence and Copyright
Copyright (c) abego Software ~GmbH, 2005 ([[www.abego-software.de|http://www.abego-software.de]])

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this
list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other
materials provided with the distribution.

Neither the name of abego Software nor the names of its contributors may be
used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific
prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT
SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
DAMAGE.
***/

//{{{
config.formatters.unshift( {
	name: "inlinetabs",
	match: "\\<tabs",
        lookaheadRegExp: /(?:<tabs (.*)>\n)((?:.|\n)*?)(?:\n<\/tabs>)/mg,
	handler: function(w)
	{
	    this.lookaheadRegExp.lastIndex = w.matchStart;
	    var lookaheadMatch = this.lookaheadRegExp.exec(w.source)
	    if(lookaheadMatch && lookaheadMatch.index == w.matchStart)
			{
             var cookie = lookaheadMatch[1];
  	         var wrapper = createTiddlyElement(null,"div",null,cookie);
	         var tabset = createTiddlyElement(wrapper,"div",null,"tabset");
             tabset.setAttribute("cookie",cookie);
             var validTab = false;
             var firstTab = '';
             var tabregexp = /(?:<tab (.*)>)(?:(?:\n)?)((?:.|\n)*?)(?:<\/tab>)/mg;
             while((m = tabregexp.exec(lookaheadMatch[2])) != null)
                 {
		         if (firstTab == '') firstTab = m[1];
		         var tab = createTiddlyButton(tabset,m[1],m[1],story.onClickInlineTab,"tab tabUnselected");
		         tab.setAttribute("tab",m[1]);
		         tab.setAttribute("content",m[2]);
		         tab.title = m[1];
		         if(config.options[cookie] == m[1])
                     validTab = true;
                 }
             if(!validTab)
                 config.options[cookie] = firstTab;
	         w.output.appendChild(wrapper);
	         story.switchInlineTab(tabset,config.options[cookie]);
             w.nextMatch = this.lookaheadRegExp.lastIndex;
			}
	}
})

Story.prototype.switchInlineTab = function(tabset,tab)
{
    var cookie = tabset.getAttribute("cookie");
    var theTab = null
    var nodes = tabset.childNodes;
    for(var t=0; t<nodes.length; t++)
    if(nodes[t].getAttribute && nodes[t].getAttribute("tab") == tab)
        {
        theTab = nodes[t];
        theTab.className = "tab tabSelected";
        }
    else
        nodes[t].className = "tab tabUnselected"
	if(theTab)
		{
		if(tabset.nextSibling && tabset.nextSibling.className == "tabContents")
			tabset.parentNode.removeChild(tabset.nextSibling);
		var tabContent = createTiddlyElement(null,"div",null,"tabContents");
		tabset.parentNode.insertBefore(tabContent,tabset.nextSibling);
		wikify(theTab.getAttribute("content"),tabContent);
		if(cookie)
			{
			config.options[cookie] = tab;
			saveOptionCookie(cookie);
			}
		}
}
    
Story.prototype.onClickInlineTab = function(e)
{
    story.switchInlineTab(this.parentNode,this.getAttribute("tab"));
    return false;
}
//}}}

*  <<newTiddler label:"ADD ABSTRACT" text:"abstract" title:"NameWord">>
* Click ''done'' and then ''save''
* Create ''tiddler macro'' to add to Master's Theses ~TiddlyWiki
''Tiddler macro'' example: ''{{{ <<tiddler abs.html#NameWord>> }}}''
<<<
''Dregallo'', F. S. (1998) //''Alchemical'' journey at midlife//.
<<<
Tiddler Macro to insert in Master's Thesis ~TiddlyWiki:
<<<
''{{{ <<tiddler abs.html#DregalloAlchemical>> }}}''
<<<
--

<<version>>

<<forEachTiddler
    sortBy 
        'tiddler.title.toUpperCase()'
    
    script
        '
        function getGroupCaption(tiddler) {
            return tiddler.title.substr(0,1).toUpperCase();
        } 

        function getGroupTitle(tiddler, context) {
            if (!context.lastGroup || context.lastGroup != getGroupCaption(tiddler)) {
                context.lastGroup = getGroupCaption(tiddler); 
                return "* {{{"+(context.lastGroup?context.lastGroup:"no tags")+"}}}\n";
            } else 
                return "";
        }
        '
    
    write
         'getGroupTitle(tiddler, context)+"** [[" + tiddler.title+"]]\n"'
>>

/***

|Name|ToggleSideBarMacro|
|Created by|SaqImtiaz|
|Location|http://tw.lewcid.org/#ToggleSideBarMacro|
|Version|1.0|
|Requires|~TW2.x|
!Description:
Provides a button for toggling visibility of the SideBar. You can choose whether the SideBar should initially be hidden or displayed.

!Demo
<<toggleSideBar "Toggle Sidebar">>

!Usage:
{{{<<toggleSideBar>>}}} <<toggleSideBar>>
additional options:
{{{<<toggleSideBar label tooltip show/hide>>}}} where:
label = custom label for the button,
tooltip = custom tooltip for the button,
show/hide = use one or the other, determines whether the sidebar is shown at first or not.
(default is to show the sidebar)

You can add it to your tiddler toolbar, your MainMenu, or where you like really.
If you are using a horizontal MainMenu and want the button to be right aligned, put the following in your StyleSheet:
{{{ .HideSideBarButton {float:right;} }}}

!History
*23-07-06: version 1.0: completely rewritten, now works with custom stylesheets too, and easier to customize start behaviour. 
*20-07-06: version 0.11
*27-04-06: version 0.1: working.

!Code
***/
//{{{
config.macros.toggleSideBar={};

config.macros.toggleSideBar.settings={
         styleHide :  "#sidebar { display: none;}\n"+"#contentWrapper #displayArea { margin-right: 1em;}\n"+"",
         styleShow : " ",
         arrow1: "«",
         arrow2: "»"
};

config.macros.toggleSideBar.handler=function (place,macroName,params,wikifier,paramString,tiddler)
{
          var tooltip= params[1]||'toggle sidebar';
          var mode = (params[2] && params[2]=="hide")? "hide":"show";
          var arrow = (mode == "hide")? this.settings.arrow1:this.settings.arrow2;
          var label= (params[0]&&params[0]!='.')?params[0]+" "+arrow:arrow;
          var theBtn = createTiddlyButton(place,label,tooltip,this.onToggleSideBar,"button HideSideBarButton");
          if (mode == "hide")
             { 
             (document.getElementById("sidebar")).setAttribute("toggle","hide");
              setStylesheet(this.settings.styleHide,"ToggleSideBarStyles");
             }
};

config.macros.toggleSideBar.onToggleSideBar = function(){
          var sidebar = document.getElementById("sidebar");
          var settings = config.macros.toggleSideBar.settings;
          if (sidebar.getAttribute("toggle")=='hide')
             {
              setStylesheet(settings.styleShow,"ToggleSideBarStyles");
              sidebar.setAttribute("toggle","show");
              this.firstChild.data= (this.firstChild.data).replace(settings.arrow1,settings.arrow2);
              }
          else
              {    
               setStylesheet(settings.styleHide,"ToggleSideBarStyles");
               sidebar.setAttribute("toggle","hide");
               this.firstChild.data= (this.firstChild.data).replace(settings.arrow2,settings.arrow1);
              }

     return false;
}

setStylesheet(".HideSideBarButton .button {font-weight:bold; padding: 0 5px;}\n","ToggleSideBarButtonStyles");

//}}}

<<version>>